英语期末复习(整理).docx

1. It is impossible that old prejudices and hostilities should longer exist, while such an instrument has been created for the exchange of thought between all the nations of the earth.impossible longer/while/such an instrument译文：在1858年第一根横穿大西洋的通讯电缆铺设成功时，维多利亚时代的积极分子们曾欢呼说：“像电报这种为世界各国交流思想的工具诞生之后，那些根深蒂固的偏见与敌意不可能再长时间存在了。”2. However, although the Internet is still young enough to inspire idealism, it has also been around long enough to test whether the prophets can be right.young enough to long enough to/be around: be existing译文：然而，尽管因特网出现的时间不长， 依旧足以激起理想主义的灵感，但它存在的时间也已长得足以判断预言家的预言正确与否了。3. The idea is that improved communications will reduce misunderstandings and avert conflict.译文：他的理念是改进了的通信手段将减少误解；避免冲突。4. Home computers are becoming part of the fabric of everyday life, and are increasingly left switched on all the time.译文：家用电脑正在成为日常生活结构中的一部分，而且其中越来越多的电脑始终处于开机状态。 5. The construction of vast ”server farms”-warehouses full of computers and their attendant cooling systems-has contributed to the overloading of the electrical power network that has caused brown-outs in Silicon Valley.“server farms”: metaphor an implied/implicit comparison contributed to: increase, improve译文：建设好的一些规模宏大的“服务器场区” - 摆满计算机及其辅助冷却设备的库房 - 已经导致电力网络的超负荷运转，这种状况已经引起了硅谷地区的用电紧张。6. What about the belief that the Internet will reduce inequality? According to a study carried out by Americas Department of Commerce, households with annual incomes above $75,000 are more than 20 times as likely to have Internet access as the poorest households.according to/carried out/more than 20 times as likely to have Internet /access as: 20 times more likely to have than 译文：美国商业部的一项研究表明：年收入在7.5万美元以上的家庭与最贫困的家庭相比，前者上网率是后者的20倍还多。7. The poor are not shunning the Internet because they cannot afford it: the problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it effectively. not because: 原因状语的否定： 句中not不是否定动词shunning，而是否定because引导的原因状语从句 The poor are shunning the Internet not because they cannot afford it; shunning: avoiding using, keeping away from exploit: make use of, use译文：穷人不用因特网并不是因为他们买不起，问题是他们缺乏必要的技能来有效地利用它。8. 国庆节期间不出去旅游9. Even inequality may, in some cases, be reduced thanks to the Internet.译文：在某些情况下，由于有了因特网，不平等现象也有可能会减少。10. The effect is to reduce income inequality between people doing similar jobs in different countries, but to increase the inequality between information workers in poor countries and their poorest compatriots.is to, but to/information workers /compatriots译文：其效果是减少在不同国家从事类似工作的人们之间收入上的不平等，但这么做却拉大了贫穷国家中从事信息产业的人们和他们最贫穷同胞收入上的差距。11. （全段选择或翻译）The extent to which the Internet will transform other fields of human endeavor, however, is less certain. Even when everyone on the planet has been connected to the Internet, there will still be wars, pollution, and inequality. As new gizmos come and go, human nature seems to remain stubbornly unchanged; despite the claims of the techno-prophets, humanity cannot simply invent away its failings. The Internet is not the first technology to have been hailed as a panacea and it will certainly not be the last.译文：然而，我们还不清楚因特网能够在多大程度上改变人类其他领域的活动即使地球上的每个人都与因特网相连；战争、污染和不平等依然会存在、随着新鲜事物的交替更迭，人类的本性看来还会固执地保持不变不管科技预言家的预言是什么，人类的发明绝对不能克服其自身的缺陷。因特网不是第一种被人们视为万能药的技术，也肯定不会是最后一种。12.（句型）It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.句型：It is generally/usually/often, etc. accepted/thought/assumed/said/believed, etc. that 主语一般是泛指“人们”，it 为形式主语；此句型表示：”人们一般/普遍认为”、“据说”等 It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health. It is commonly believed that wages should be linked to prices. 人们普遍认为,工资应与物价联系起来。 译文：人们普遍认为，一个人儿童时代的经历对其性格以及未来个性的发展影响很大。13. In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the childe, so that upbringing and education are interdependent.译文：在我们的社会里，家长与教师都要对孩子今后的发展负责，因而父母的抚养和学校的教育相辅相成、缺一不可。14.（全段翻译） The ideals and practices of child rearing vary from culture to culture. In general, the more rural the community, the more uniform are the customs of childhood upbringing. In more technologically developed societies, the period of childhood and adolescence tends to be extended over a long time, resulting in more opoortunity for education and greater variety in character development.译文：由于各种文化间的差异，抚养和教育孩子的观念和做法不尽相同。一般说来，社会中农业所占的比重越大，抚养孩子的方法也就越相同。在科技更发达的社会里，童年和青少年时期往往大大延长，结果儿童就有更多的受教育的机会，儿童性格的发展就更多样化。15.（全段翻译） Parents can ascertain what is normal in physical, mental and social development, by referring to some of the many books based on scientific knowledge in these areas, or, less reliably, since the samply is smaller, by comparing notes with friends and relatives who have children.译文：父母可以通过阅读某些儿童教育领域的科技知识图书，也可以通过与有孩子的亲朋好友比较抚养孩子的记录，来弄清楚孩子的体格发育、正常的智力和社交能力的发展是否正常，尽管后者由于实例较少而没有前者获得的知识更具可靠性。16.（独立主格结构+翻译）In the more general sense, though, problems of upbringing are recognized to be problems of relationships within the individual family, the first necessity being a secure emotional background with parents who are united in their attitude to their children. the first necessity being a secure emotional background: N. + 分词结构： （分词）独立主格结构 Paraphrase: Through problems of upbringing are acknowledged to be problems of relationships within the family in a broad sense, it is necessary for parents to provide a safe emotional background for their children. To achieve this, the parents attitudes to their children should be uniform. 译文： 但从更加普遍的意义上来说，培养孩子的问题就是一个家庭内部的关系问题，其中首要前提是孩子与父母要有稳固的情感，父母双方在对待孩子的态度上必须一致。 17. The younger the child, the more readily the mother gives in to his demands to avoid disappointing him.译文：孩子越小，母亲就越要满足孩子的需要以免使他失望。18.（翻译或者选择） A child must be allowed to enjoy this “messy” but tactile stage of discovery before he is ready to go on to the less physical pleasures of toys and books. Similarly, throughout life, each stage depends on the satisfactory completion of the one before. be allowed to/ be ready to/ go on to/ less physical pleasures译文：在儿童乐于接受玩具、书本这些脑力活动前，父母必须允许他们从这个“凌乱”但又是通过触觉去发现的阶段中得到乐趣。 19. （翻译或者选择）In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness and well-being.译文：总而言之，就像孩子的幸福和快乐体现了父母的愿望和社会的价值一样，对孩子所施加的压力也体现了这一点。20. If they are hypocritical and do not practice what they preach, their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they have been to some extent deceived. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents ethics and their morals can be a dangerous