说明文+资料答案稿[1]...doc

第二节 说明文把握文章的说明顺序 Passage 1The chief problem in coping with foreign motorists is not so much remembering that they are different from yourself, but that they are enormously variable. Cross a frontier without adjusting and you can be in deep trouble. One of the greatest gulfs separating the driving nations is the Atlantic Ocean. More precisely, it is the mental distance between the European and the American motorist, particularly the South American motorist. Compare, for example, an English driver at a set of traffic lights with a Brazilian. Very rarely will an Englishman try to anticipate the green light by moving off prematurely. You will find the occasional sharpie who watches for the amber to come up on the adjacent set of lights. However, he will not go until he receives the lawful signal. Brazilians view the thing quite differently. If, in fact, they see traffic lights at all, they regard them as a kind of roadside decoration. The natives of North America are much more disciplined. They demonstrate this in their addiction to driving in one lane and sticking to it-even if it means settling behind some great truck for many miles. To prevent other drivers from falling into reckless ways, American motorists try always to stay close behind the vehicle in front, which can make it impossible, when all the vehicles are moving at about 55 mph, to make a real lane change. European visitors are constantly falling into this trap. They return to the Old world still flapping their arms in frustration because while driving in the States in their car they kept failing to get off the highway when they wanted to and were swept along to the next city. However, one nation above all others lives scrupulously by its traffic regulations-the Swiss. In Switzerland, if you were simply to anticipate a traffic light, the chances are that the motorist behind you would take your number and report you to the police. What is more, the police would visit you; and you would be convicted. The Swiss take their rules of the road so seriously that a driver can be ordered to appear in court and charged for speeding on hearsay alone, and very likely found guilty. There are slight regional variations among the French, German and Italian speaking areas, but it is generally safe to assume that any car bearing a CH sticker will be driven with a high degree of discipline.1. The fact that the Brazilians regard traffic lights as a kind of roadside decoration suggests that A. traffic lights are part of street scenery B. they simply ignore traffic lights C. they want to put them at roadsides D. there are very few traffic lights2. The second and third paragraphs focus on the difference between _A. the Atlantic Ocean and other oceans B. English drivers and American driversC. European drivers and American drivers D. European drivers and South American drivers3. The phrase anticipate the green light (Line 1, Para.3) is closest in meaning to A. wait for the green light to be on B. forbid others to move before the green light C. move off before the green light is on D. follow others when the green light is on1 B 本题为理解性推理题。题干根据第三段段末句而设。在理解第三段的意思时，我们不难判断B为正确选项。这里干扰最大的是A项它是根据“decoration”的字面意思而设的。所以一定要先读完文章后做题，或在没有把握的情况下对问题所在的那个段落再读一遍。千万不可“望字生意”。2D此题需要概括第二、第三段两段内容，较难，需仔细分析，可采用排 除法。A项内容文中没有提到；B、C、D项在第二段里均提到了，但是最后一句和第三段都是以英国、巴西(南美洲国家，必须具备这点地理常识)讲欧洲，南美国家在遵守交通规则上的差异。因此可以排除B、C项，因为B项中English drivers义太窄、American drivers义过宽；C项中American drivers义过宽；所以只有D正确。3C此题考专业词汇，我们需根据上下文语境来判断。anticipate the green light出现在第三段段首，我们首先可以根据“by moving off prematurely”Passage 2The earliest Mother s Day celebrations are traced back to the spring celebrations of ancient Greece in honor of Rhea, the Mother of the Gods. During the 1600 s, England celebrated a day called Mothering Sunday, celebrated on the 4th Sunday of Lent. Mothering Sunday honored the mothers of England. During this time many of the England s poor worked as servants for the wealthy. As most jobs were located far from their homes, the servants would five at the houses of their employers. On Mothering Sunday the servants would have the day off and were encouraged to return home and spend the day with their mothers. A special cake, called the mothering cake, was often brought along to provide a festive touch. As Christianity spread throughout Europe the celebration changed to honor the Mother Church the spiritual power that gave them life and protected them from harm. Over time the church festival blended with the Mothering Sunday celebration. People began honoring their mothers as well as the church. In the United States Mother s Day was first suggested in 1872 by Julia Ward Howe as a day dedicated to peace. In 1907/ma Jarvis, from Philadelphia, began a campaign to establish a national Mother s Day. Ms. Jarvis persuaded her mother s church in Grafton, West Virginia to celebrate Mother s Day on the second anniversary of her mother s death, the 2nd Sunday of May. By the next year Mother s Day was also celebrated in Philadelphia. Ms. Jarvis and her supporters began to write to ministers, businessmen, and politicians in their quest to establish a national Mother s Day. It was successful; by 1911 Mother s Day was celebrated in almost every state. President Woodrow Wilson 1, in 1914, made the official announcement proclaiming Mother s Day a national holiday that was to be held each year on the 2nd Sunday of May. While many countries of the world celebrate their own Mother s Day at different times throughout the year, there are some countries such as Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, and Belgium which also celebrate Mother s Day on the second Sunday of May.1. People at first held Mother s Day in order to A. celebrate the second anniversary of Ana Jarvis s mother s death B. celebrate the servants reunion with their mothers C. remember the Mother of the Gods, Rhea D. to honor the Mother Church2. The word touch in the last sentence of Para. 2 probably means _ A. a small feature that improves something B. the action of putting your hand or part of your body on someone or something C. to affect your emotions, especially so that you feel sad or sympathetic D. the action of hitting or kicking a ball3. In which of the following countries Mother s Day is NOT celebrated on the second Sunday of May? A. The United States. B. Denmark. C. Finland. D. Pakistan.： l C本题考察的是对全文的理解。四个选项在文中均能找到出处，解题的关键在于吃透题干。题目问的是“起先人们设立母亲节是为了”，注意问题中的at first。根据第一段我们知道，人们一开始的时候是为了纪念众神之母Rhea而举行母亲节庆祝活动。因此C项为本题答案。2A此题为词汇题，考察多义词在语篇中的特定意义。因此得根据文章来判断。此题应使用排除法。首先，由词性判断C项错误，因为文中的touch应为名词。BD两项均是描述动作的，前面没有提到球，也没有提到载歌载舞的场面和动作，只提到一种特殊的蛋糕母亲节蛋糕，因此可以排除B、D。剩下的A项便是答案。 3D此题为反选题，考察的是细节。根据第四，第五段和最后一段，我们知道D项没有被提到，因此为本题答案。 Passage 3In many parts of the world, there are four seasons: spring, summer, fall and winter. In the U.S., there are only three: football, basketball and baseball. That s not completely true, but almost. In every season, Americans have a ball. If you want to know what season it is, just look at what people are playing. For many Americans, sports do not just occupy the sidelines. They take center court. Besides the big three sports, Americans play a variety of other sports. In warm weather, people enjoy water sports. Lovers of surfing( ), sailing and scuba diving flock to the ocean. Swimmers and water skiers also revel in the wet stuff. Fishermen try their luck in ponds, lakes and rivers. In winter sportsmen delight in freezing fun. From the first snowfall, skiers hit the slopes. Frozen ponds and ice rinks become playgrounds for skating and hockey. People play indoor sports whatever the weather. Racquet-ball, weightlifting and bowling are year-round activities. For many people in the U.S., sports are not just for fun. They re almost a religion. Thousands of sports fans buy expensive tickets to watch their favorite teams and athletes play in person. Other fans watch the games at home, glued to their TV sets. The most devoted sports buffs never miss a game. Many a wife becomes a sports widow during her husband s favorite season. America s devotion to athletics has created a new class of wealthy people: professional athletes. Sports stars often receive million-dollar salaries. Some even make big money appearing in advertisements for soft drinks, shoes and even toiletries Not all Americans worship sports, but athletics are an important part of their culture. Throughout their school life, Americans learn to play many sports. All students take physical education classes in school. Some try out for the school teams, while others join intramural sports leagues. Athletic events at universities attract scores of fans and benefit the whole community. Many people also enjoy non-competitive activities like hiking, biking, horseback riding, camping or hunting. To communicate with American sports nuts, it helps if you can talk sports. Sports in America represent the international heritage of the people who play. Many sports were imported from other countries. European immigrants brought tennis, golf, bowling and boxing to America. Football and baseball came from other Old World games. Only basketball has a truly American origin. Even today some formerly foreign sports like soccer are gaining American fans. In 1994 the U.S. hosted the World Cup for the first time ever. Not only do Americans import sports, but they export sports fever, as well. Satellites broadcast games to sports fans around the globe. The World Series, the U.S. professional baseball championship, has begun to live up to its name. The names of American superstars like basketball great Michael Jordan have become household words the world over. Who knows, sports seasons may even change world weather patterns.1. In the U.S _. A. there are only three seasons B. there are only a few kinds of sports C. people have sports just for fun D. sports are an important part of their culture2. Which of the following sports is original in U.S. according to the passage? A. Golf. B. Football. C. Baseball. D. Basketball. 3. According to the last paragraph, which of the following is TRUE? A. Americans import not only sports, but also sports fever. B. Americans export not only sports, but also sports fever. C. Michael Jordan is famous all over the world. D. In America, the weather is always changed by sports.1D本题为细节理解题，但是考察的范围比较大，四个选项分别涵盖了一至四段内容。此题中，干扰项B、C分别与第二，三段内容相反，容易排除。干扰性最大的为A项，表面上，它与第一段第二句一样，但是，文中仅指体育运动方面的球类比赛的赛季，并非指自然中的季节I而A项内容由于没有修饰限定，所以不正确。而选项D与第四段第一句的后半句一致。因此本题答案为D。2D本题为细节理解题，考查对第五段的理解。根据第五段，我们知道，只有篮球是美国土生土长的运动项目，因此答案选D。3C本题考查的是细节理解，并带有一定的推理。A、B两项考察对第一段的理解，都是错误的，所以排除。C项与倒数第二句一致，因为该句中household words(家喻户晓的)与famous近义，故C为答案。而D项内容误解了最后一句的口吻，这是作者一种调侃 的口吻，实际并非真的如此。Passage 4Around the world, people gather to explore their emotions through dance. The dances are created as part of celebrations, as religious services, as preparation for challenging hunts and warfare and to express sorrow (less often than the other situations). Indeed, dance does play an important role within a culture and reveals a wide range of information about the characteristics of a culture. Three of the most revealing aspects of dance are the nature of the culture s symbols and art forms revealed in costumes and equipment, the body language (moves and gestures) which give information about social contact behaviors and frequently the style of preferred music for the culture. Ethnic dances, and certainly popular dancing, anywhere around the world have associated preferences for costumes and special clothing. Through dancing, the participants are able to reveal and express their chosen role in the garments they choose; social roles in the dance are shown public ally to the observers as well as the other dancers. Frequently dancers utilize objects like swords or sticks or hoops or musical instruments to further reveal information about their role in the social story portrayed in the dance. Items such as headwear and jewelry are further examples of the garments that in general express preferences and culturally significant details about the particular culture. Dancers, by the very nature of the activity, physically express beliefs and attitudes associated with their specific culture. In many dances the participants are modeling typical activities of their culture and thus imparting instructions and historical information to the audience. In other dances, one can see expressions of deep emotion: love, worship, grief, strength, anger, etc. and thus obtain clues about the inner feelings of the culture s individuals. Dance provides an opportunity for others to witness some of the special behaviors associated with activities in the culture. Also, dance is a (usually) public statement so that observers can see how members of the culture treat those who are older members of the opposite sex, more respected members, etc. The third aspect of dance that reveals much about a culture is the music or singing that is typically a part of the event. Observers can see evidence of the of the types of instruments characteristics of the culture, and who plays these instruments as well as how they are used -instruments may be associated only with special events and thus transmit valuable cultural information. Frequently singing is part of a dance program, and again an observer has an opportunity to observe who is singing and the nature of the voices. I found this aspect of dance particularly fascinating during a brief time I spent in a rural village in Zimbabwe a few years ago. Dancing is indeed a very important aspect of any culture. It provides a communal opportunity for members of the culture to artistically express emotions while acting out typical activities and concerns in their world. For outsider observers, many valuable details about the culture are revealed.1. People around the world use dance for the following purposes EXCEPT _ A. as part of celebration B. as part of religious services C. to express sorrow D. to build one s body2. Which of the following statements is NOT true of ethnic dances? A. Ethnic dances have been associated with special costumes and clothing. B. Dancers usually wear ornamental objects to indicate their social role in the portrayed story. C. Ethnic dances are always symbols of oncoming warfare.D. Dancers special headwear and jewelry are culturally significant details about the particular culture. 3 Through dancing, dancers canA. show their respect to other members of their societyB. fall in love with his/her partnerC. exercise their muscles D. exhibit their body4 From the last paragraph we can infer thatA. dances are not important in a nation s culture B. few people like to danceC. ethnic dances are one of ways of communicating between culturesD. people dance just for fun1 D本题为细节理解题，考查的是对第一段的理解，题目形式为反选题，即选出与原文不一致或没有提到的选项。根据第一段第二句，我可以确定A、B、C三项符合原文。只有D项文章没有提到，因此，为本题答案。2C此题也是细节理解题，主要考察对第二段的理解。根据文章第二段， 我们可以确定A、B、D三项符合原文，而C项内容似乎与第一段第二句里的内容相符，但C项中的always与原文有出入，因此不符合原文意思，故为答案。3A此题考查细节理解，但是跨度比较大。需在第三、四段里逐个核对选项。根据第三段最后一句，我们可以确定A正确。而其它三个选项无法在文中找到对应的说法或依据。4C此题为推理题，根据文章最后一段内容做出合理的推测。A项内容与最后一段的第一句内容相反，所以排除；文中没有提到B、D项，因此予以排除。而根据最后一段的最后两句，我们可推断民族舞蹈是文化交流的一种方式，因此，C为答案。Passage 5University teaching in the United Kingdom is very different at both undergraduate and graduate levels from that of many overseas countries. An undergraduate course consists of a series of lectures, seminars and tutorials and, in science and engineering, laboratory classes which in total account for about 15 hours per week. Arts students may well find that their official contact with teachers is less than this average, while science and engineering students may expect to be timetabled for up to 20 hours per week. Students studying for a particular degree will take a series of lecture courses which run in parallel at a fixed time in each week and may last one academic term or the whole year. Associated with each lecture course are seminars, tutorials and laboratory classes which draw upon, analyze, illustrate or amplify the topics presented in the lectures. Lecture classes