小学英语知识点总结.doc

1 12 小学英语知识点总结小学英语知识点总结 小学英语知识点总结 单数通常用a an或者是one来表示 an用在元音字母的前面 如 a desk an apple one boy 可数名词的变化规则 1 直接在单词的后面加 s photo photos book books egg eggs student students pen pens village villages cloud clouds flower flowers hand hands map maps girl girls 2 如果单词以s x ch sh结尾 通常要在单词后面加 es bus buses class classes box box dress dresses peach peaches watch watches fish fishes 3 以辅音字母 y结尾的单数名词要把y变为i 再加 es 如果y的前面是元音字母 则直接加上 s family families story stories baby babies day days toy toys boy boys 4 以f fe结尾的单词 要把f fe变为v 再加 es knife knives wolf wolves shelf shelves 5 以 o结尾的名词 如果不是外来词或缩写 就加 es 否则加 s构成复数 有生命的加es 无生命的加s potato potatoes tomato tomatoes hero heroes radio radios photo photos piano pianos zoo zoos 6 一些特殊的不规则名词的复数 goose geese foot feet tooth teeth woman women man men sheep sheep fish fish deer deer people people child children mouse mice 7 有些名词是通常以复数形式出现的 如 shoes pants boots glasses等 1 II 不可数名不可数名词词 一般来说 不可数名词主要是以物质名词与抽象名词为主 它们通常没有复数形式 也不能与 1 2 12 a an 连用 在表示 一 或 几 的数量概念时 不可数名词必须与相应的量词连用 如果时表示复 数的数量关系时 则把量词变化 不可数名词不变 修饰不可数名词的数量词语有 some any much a lot of a little等 例如 a box of milk 一盒牛奶 some water 一些水 much food 大量的食物 a little time 一点时间 2 some 与 any 词语辨析 some与any都表示 一些 但它们的用法不同 some用在肯定句中 而any用在否定句与一般 疑问句中 同学们要特别注意的是 some还可以用在客气请求的一般疑问句中 例子 I have some beautiful stamps 肯定句 I don t have any beautiful stamps 否定句 Do you have any beautiful stamps 一般疑问句 A Can I have any some bananas B Sure 客气请求的一般疑问句 3 many a lot of much 词语辨析 many a lot of much 这三个词都是表示 许多 many是用来修饰可数名词 much用来修饰不可数名词 a lot of则用来修饰可数与不可数名词 例子 Peter has many friends 可数名词的前面 Peter has much food for his birthday party 不可数名词的前面 Peter has a lot of friends 可数名词的前面 Peter has a lot of food for his birthday party 不可数名词的前面 不可数名词的归类 1 表示液体 water juice milk coffee coke 2 表示自然现象 snow rain ice 3 表示食品类 rice jam honey meat bread mutton beef tofu eggplant pork chicken fish food 4 其它类 newspaper news homework housework 2 1 1 给出下列单词的复数形式 给出下列单词的复数形式 3 12 orange class text monkey piano child shelf bed baby country family toy foot Japanese radio photo army tomato fox woman knife sheep pen egg student girl zoo wife story man boy people 2 2 选择填空选择填空 1 There on the wall They are very beautiful A are photoes B are photos C is a photo D is photos 2 This kind of car made in China A is B are C were D has 3 That s art book A an B a C the D are 4 The boys have got already A two bread B two breads C two pieces of bread D two piece of bread 5 The old man wants A six boxes of apples B six boxes of apple C six box of apples D six boxs of apples 7 There some in the river A is fish B are fishs C is fishs D are fish 8 There two in the box A is watch B are watches C are watch D is watches 9 We should clean twice a day A our tooth B our tooths C teeth D our teeth 3 4 12 watch child photo diary day foot book dress tooth sheep box strawberry thief yo yo peach sandwich man woman paper juice water milk rice tea deer people tomato leaf puppy box knife fox bus bench brush kiss church dish ruler peach glass pencil boy zoo man roof sheep knife lady key story watch horse city family day apple eraser speech thief mouse fish goose people ox Chinese deer foot child tooth guy hero spy boss monkey city goat radio potato dog orange class text monkey piano child shelf bed baby country family toy foot Japanese radio photo army tomato fox woman knife sheep pen egg student girl zoo wife story man boy people 5 12 4 be动词动词 be动词有三兄弟 is am are I 我 用am you 你 用are is跟着he 他 she 她 it 它 we 我们 you 你们 和they 他们 复数 两人以上 永远连着are 解析 I am You are He is She is It is We are You are They are 1 否定句只需要在be动词后加 not 即 am not is not isn t are not aren t 2 一般疑问句只需要将be动词提前至句首 即 Is Are 1 I a student 2 You a teacher 3 she from Jinan No she 4 you friends No we 5 He in Class 4 Grade 1 6 It a car 7 They cars 8 your mother in China 9 your friends in New York 10 What her name 11 These 这些 buses 12 Those 那些 oranges 13 Where her mother 14 How old your teacher 15 What class you in 16 This my brother 哥哥 弟弟 17 That a pencil 18 Mike and I students 19 there an apple on the table 桌子 Yes there 20 There many books in the study 21 There some ice cream in the fridge 冰箱 22 There a pear and some cakes on the table 23 The children playing in the bedroom 24 The rabbits eating grass 25 What your favorite subject 科目 26 The girl drawing 27 I a letter 字母 28 I a boy you a boy No I not 29 The girl Jack s sister 姐姐 妹妹 30 The dog tall and fat 31 The man with big eyes a teacher 32 your brother in the classroom 教室 33 Where your mother She at home 34 How your father 35 Mike and Liu Tao at school 36 Whose dress this 37 Whose socks 袜子 they 38 That my red skirt 39 Who I 40 The socks on the desk 41 Here a book for you 42 Here some sweaters 毛衣 for you 43 The black shoes 鞋子 for Su Yang 44 there any kites in the classroom 45 There some apples on the tree 46 Some tea in the glass 47 Gao Shan s shirt over there 48 My sister s name Nancy 49 This not Wang Fang s pencil 50 David and Helen from England 51 There a girl in the room 5 6 12 be动词动词 情情态动词态动词 助助动词动词do does的用法区的用法区别别及及练习练习 1 由连系am is are构成的句子 变一般疑问句时把am is are提到句子的前面 句尾用问号即可 变否定句时直接在am is are后面加not即可 例如 肯定句 He is a student 一般疑问句 Is he a student 否定句 He is not a student 画线提问 对he提问 Who is a student 对 a student 提问 What is he or What does he do 2 由情态动词can may should等构成的句子 变一般疑问句时把can may 提到句子的前面 句尾用问号即可 变否定句时直接在can may 后面加not即可 例如 肯定句 She can swim 一般疑问句 Can she swim 否定句 She can not swim 画线提问 对she提问 Who can swim 对swim提问 What can she do 3 由行为动词构成的句子 需要加助词do或does 变一般疑问句时把do does放在句子前面 变否定句时把don t doesn t放在动词的前面 要注意观察动词的形式并对号入座 一般疑问句和否定句的动词三单式都要变回原型 例如 肯定句 They play football after school He plays football after school 一般疑问句 Do they play football after school Does he play football after school 否定句 They don t do not play football after school He doesn t play football after school 画线提问 对they he提问 Who plays football after school Who plays football after school 对play football提问 What do they do after school What does he do after school 对after school提问 When do they play football When does he play football 注意 1 在改疑问句时 遇到主语人称是第一人称I we的需要将人称换成第二人称you 2 在改疑问句和否定句中 遇到some和and 将其改为any和or 按要求改写句子 1 I know the answer 一般疑问句 the answer 2 We can see some birds 一般疑问句 see birds 3 He designs clothes 一般疑问句 he clothes 4 There are some flowers on the teachers desk 一般疑问句 flowers on the teachers desk 5 There are some apples on the tree 否定句 There apples on the tree 6 I think he is very old 否定句 I think he very old 7 Please colour it green 否定句 colour it green 8 These doctors are helpful 变否定句 9 You may have some hot dogs 一般疑问句 11 This sign means No smoking 就划线部分提问 What this sign 12 She looks young 改一般疑问句 she young 13 She is young 改为一般疑问句 14 My pencils are in the pencil box 对划线部分提问 your pencils 15 I get up at six every day 对划线部分提问 you get up every day 16 They like to walk home 改为一般疑问句 they 17 You should add water often 一般疑问句 water often 6 一般疑一般疑问问句句 一 什么是一般疑问句 1 定义 用Yes或No作答的疑问句叫一般疑问句 2 特点 1 以be动词 助动词或情态动词开头 eg Is your father a teacher 7 12 Does Catherine like animals Can Jenny speak French 2 往往读升调 3 译成汉语 都可以带上 吗 eg 上面三句可分别译为 你父亲是老师吗 凯瑟琳喜欢动物吗 詹妮会说法语吗 二 陈述句和一般疑问句间的转换 要将陈述句变成一般疑问句 可以遵循下列步骤 1 看句中有没有be动词 am is are was were 助动词 do does did have had 或情态动词 can must will may等 如果有 将其提到句首 句末打上问号即可 eg It was rainy yesterday Was it rainy yesterday Tom s father can play the piano Can Tom s father play the piano I have finished my homework Have you finished your homework 2 如果句中没有be动词 助动词或情态动词 则根据谓语动词的形式借助 do的相应形式放在句首 具体方法是 如果谓语动词是原形 则借do 如果谓语动词是一般现在时第三人称单数形式 则借does 如果谓语动词 是过去式 则借did 需要注意的是 借does或did后 原句的谓语动词 要变回原形 eg They go to school by bike Do they go to school by bike Bill gets up at 6 30 every day Does bill gets up at 6 30 every day The students saw a film yesterday Did the students see a film yesterday 陈述句变一般疑问句应注意的事项 陈述句变成一般疑问句除了遵循上述规则以外 还应注意下列几点 1 如果陈述句中有第一人称 则变问句时最好要变为第二人称 eg I usually have lunch at school Do you usually have lunch at school My father is playing soccer Is your father playing soccer 2 如果陈述句中有some 则变问句时往往要变成any eg There is some water on the playground Is there any water on the playground 3 复合句变一般疑问句通常只变主句 从句不变 7 三 一般疑问句往往采用简短回答 由三部分 三个单词 组成 对这三部分 三个单词 的确定可以概括例下 1 第一个词 不是Yes就是No 有时根据语气的不同 Yes可由Sure Certainly Of course等代替 NO可 由sorry 代替 2 第二个词 问谁答谁 即答语中的主语须与问句的主语一致 但必须用主 格代词 eg Does she clean her room every day Yes she does Is Anna s father a doctor No he isn t 如果主语是 this that 回答时用 it 代替 如果问句中主语these those 回答时用 they 代替 8 12 3 第三个词 用什么问 用什么答 即沿用问句中的引导词 Can Jim play soccer Yes he can Does Mr Bean speak English Yes he does 需要注意问题 1 用 may 引导的问句 肯定回答用may 否定回答 用 can t 或mustn t 用 must 引导的问句 肯定回答用 must 否定回 答用needn t eg May I go to the park now Yes you may No you mustn t Must I wash my clothes now Yes you must No you needn t 4 用No开头作否定回答时 结尾要加上 not 因为回答必须是三部分 所以否定回答必须缩写 而肯定回答不能缩写 Yes he did No he didn t Is Lin Lin in Class 3 Yes she is No she isn t 或 No she s not 8 3 英语句型变化总结练习 1 It is a lovely dog 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 2 She is lovely girl 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 3 He is my father 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 4 They are Lily s cousins 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 5 We are classmates 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 6 I am a doctor 9 12 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 7 There is a bird in the tree 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 8 There are some stars in the sky 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 9 They are good friends 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 10 His father goes to work by bus 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 11 I play games every night 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 12 I like to read English 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 13 I go to school on foot 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 14 We have a pleasant home 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 15 We like to climb the mountain 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 9 16 They go to church on Sunday 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 17 They walk to school every morning 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 18 These cats are crying 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 19 They can swim 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 20 You will be a singer 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 21 He goes to school every day 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 22 He likes English 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 1 用do does be 填空 10 12 1 she know all the answers Yes she No she 2 the twins often fight Yes do No don t 3 your dad like listening to music Yes does No doesn t 4 uncle Tom wash his car everyday Yes does No doesn t 5 you have a new teacher Yes I No I 6 she a teacher Yes she No she 7 you playing ball now Yes I No I 8 the pig like to sleep Yes it No it 9 five birds flying in the sky Yes they No aren t 10 your father smoking in the living room Yes is No he 1 I know the answer 一般疑问句 the answer 3 We can see some birds 一般疑问句 see birds 3 He designs clothes 一般疑问句 he clothes 4 There are some flowers on the teachers desk 一般疑问句 flowers on the teachers desk 5 There are some apples on the tree 否定句 There apples on the tree 6 I think he is very old 否定句 I think he very old 7 Please colour it green 否定句 colour it green 8 These doctors are helpful 变否定句 9 You may have some hot dogs 一般疑问句 12 She looks young 改一般疑问句 she young 13 She is young 改为一般疑问句 16 They like to walk home 改为一般疑问句 they 17 You should add water often 一般疑问句 water often 10 There be 句型句型 1 定义 There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人 注意 there be就近原则 There is a bird in the tree 树上有一只鸟 There is a teacher and many students in our classroom 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生 There are two boys and a girl under the tree 树下有两个男孩 一个女孩 3 There be句型与have的区别 1 There be 句型和have都表示 有 的含义 区别如下 There be表示 某处存在某物或某人 have表示 某人拥有某物 某人 它表示所有 拥有关系 He has two sons 他有两个儿子 There are two men in the office 办公室里有两个男人 2 当have表示 包括 存在 的含义时 There be 句型与其可互换 例如 A week has seven days There are seven days in a week 一个星期有七天 变脸一 否定句 There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样 在be后加上not There are some pictures on the wall There aren t any pictures on the wall There are no pictures on the wall There is a bike behind the tree There isn t a bike behind the tree There is no bike behind the tree 变脸二 一般疑问句 There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首 再在句尾加上问号即可 There is some water on Mars Is there any water on Mars There are some students in the chass Are there any students in the class 但要注意 改否定句 一般疑问句时当肯定句中有some时 要将其改为any 1 选择题 1 There a book on the table A is B are 2 there an apple on your desk A are B is 3 There some students in the classroom A are B Is 4 There a pencil a book and two pens on the table A is B are 11 12 5 There two apples one orange and one banana on the table A is B are 6 Are there pictures on the wall No there aren t A any any B some any C some some 7 Are there houses near the river Yes there are A some some B any some C any any D some any 8 There is book in his hand A no B not 2 用 have has 或者 there is there are 填空 1 I a good father and a good mother 2 many children on the hill 3 He a mirror 4 a basketball in the playground 5 She some dresses 6 They a nice garden 7 What do you 8 a reading room in the building 9 What does Mike 10 a map of the world on the wall 11 My father a story book 12 a story book on the table 13 My parents some nice pictures 14 some maps on the wall 三 用恰当的be动词填空 1 There a lot of 许多 sweets in the box 2 There some milk in the glass 3 There some people under the the big tree 4 There a picture and a map on the wall 5 There four cups of coffee on the table 11 动词动词第三人称第三人称变变化化规则规则 1 大多数动词在词尾加 S 如 like likes look looks 2 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的 要先将 y 变为 i 然后在加 es如 fly flies study studies 3 以 s x ch sh 结尾的 在词尾加 es 如 watch watches teach teaches 4 以 o 结尾的动词 加 es 如 go goes do does drink go stay make look have pass carry watch plant fly study brush teach wash match guess study finish go snow carry drink go stay make 2 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1 He often have dinner at home 2 We not watch TV on Monday 3 Nick not go to the zoo on Sunday 4 they like the World Cup 5 What they often do on Saturdays 6 your parents read newspapers every day 7 The girl teach us English on Sundays 8 She and I take a walk together every evening 9 There be some water in the bottle 10 Mike like cooking 11 They have the same hobby 12 My aunt look after her baby carefully 13 You always do your homework well 14 I be ill I m staying in bed 15 She go to school from Monday to Friday 16 Liu Tao do not like PE 17 The chi