牛津高中英语M1U1单词.docVIP

enjoyableaffording satisfaction or pleasure同义词： pleasurableThe hotel staff spared no pains to ensure that our stay was as enjoyable as possible.旅馆工作人员对我们照顾得无微不至，尽量让我们住得舒适experience名词 experience:1. the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activitiesI know from my own experience how difficult the work can be.从我自己的经验我明白这项工作会有多难。2. the content of direct observation or participation in an eventIt was a most educational experience I had ever had.这是我有过的教育意义最大的一次经历之一。动词 experience:1. go or live through同义词：undergo, see, go throughWe learn from the past, experience the present and hope for success in the future.我们从过去中学习，体验现在，展望未来的成功。experienced adj.assemblya group of persons gathered together for a common purposethe social act of assembling同义词：gatheringconference: 正式用词，一般指大型会议，如政府工作会议、国际学术交流会议、各国之间的协商、会谈等。congress: 指国会、议会、代表大会等机构，尤指经选举产生的国家立法机构的大会或由这些机构召开的大会，也可指专业人员代表大会。assembly: 多指一个通常有许多人参加、计划好的，为某一特殊目的而召集的会议。meeting: 普通用词，词义广泛。指一般性的会议，可用于任何场合。council: 在国际上多指由各国代表参加的政治会议，或常设的政治机构。在国内、地方上，此词多指常设的政务领导机构，如市政委员会等。gathering: 指两人以上的聚会或集会，强调非正式性。People have the rights of assembly and expression.人们有集会和发表言论的权利。headmasterpresiding officer of a school同义词：schoolmaster, masterThe headmaster praised the boys for their neat turn-out.校长表扬男同学服装整齐。earn同义词：gain, take in, clear, make, realize, realise, pull in, bring inacquire, obtain, gain, get, win, earn, secure这些动词均含“获得、取得、得到”之意。acquire: 强调通过不断的、持续的努力而获得某物，也指日积月累地渐渐地获得。书面语用词。obtain: 较正式用词，着重通过巨大努力、要求而得到所需或盼望已久的东西。gain: 侧重指经过努力或有意识行动而取得某种成就或获得某种利益或好处。get: 普通用词，使用广泛，可指以任何方式得到某物，也不一定要经过努力。win: 主要指通过努力、斗争、比赛等而获得胜利。earn: 侧重指依靠自己的劳动或因付出代价与有功而获得。His skill in negotiating earned him a reputation as a wise man.他的谈判技巧使他赢得了智者的名声。respect名词the condition of being honored (esteemed or respected or well regarded)If they had any respect for human life they wouldnt do such terrible things.他们如果还顾及人的生命就不会做出这样可怕的事来。(usually preceded by in) a detail or point同义词：regardin respect of指“在方面，涉及”，而with respect to指“关于”。In respect of style this essay is much better than that.在格式方面，这本书比那本好多了。With respect to the question of style this book has not much to say.关于这本书的格式问题没有什么可说的。动词show respect towardsI deeply respect her courage.我深深敬佩她的勇气。admire, honour, respect, regard这些动词均含“尊重、钦佩”之意。admire: 侧重指对某人或某物的仰慕、钦佩，并含欣赏爱慕之情。honour: 侧重指对某人或某物表示极大的敬意。respect: 指对人的行为、品德、才华或成就等的仰慕尊重。尤指对年长或地位高的人的尊敬。regard: 最正式用词，中性，含义不很明确，一般需用修饰语加强或明确其意。devotegive entirely to a specific person, activity, or causeHe started to study ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science.他开始研究生态学，并决心将他的一生献身于这门科学。He devoted himself entirely to music.他将一生奉献给了音乐。be devoted toliteraturecreative writing of recognized artistic valueThis book is titled An Introduction to American Literature.这本书名为美国文学指南。average形容词approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value同义词：meanThe average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.本班男生的平均年龄是十五岁。lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered同义词：ordinaryHe is just an average boy in this class.他在这个班里只不过是一个普普通通的男孩子。名词a statistic describing the location of a distributionThe average of 4,6 and 8 is 6.4,6, 8的平均数是6。on average 平均说来There are 40 students in one class on average.平均每个班级有40个学生。struggle名词an energetic attempt to achieve something同义词：battleThe poor man is trying to do fine in the struggle for a better life.那个可怜的人一直想要在为更好的生活而奋斗的过程中做的好。an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)同义词：conflict, battleSeveral people were hurt in the struggle.在打斗中，有几个人受伤。动词make a strenuous or labored effort同义词：fightHe struggled to control his temper.他努力控制住自己的脾气。battle, war, campaign, struggle, warfare, fight, combat这些名词均有“战斗，战争”之意。battle: 侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗，或个人之间的争斗。war: 是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。campaign: 通常指在一场大的战争中在某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动。也可作引申用。struggle: 指激烈或时间持续长的战斗或奋力斗争。warfare: 侧重指战争状态或具体的作战方法。fight: 最普通用词，含义广，指战斗、斗争或打斗。combat: 泛指军事行动，尤指小规模的战斗，甚至是格斗。challengingdisturbingly provocativea mentally challenging problem or puzzle脑筋急转弯一个考验智力的问题或难题encouragementthe expression of approval and supportYour encouragement made me more confident of my future.你的鼓励使我对我的未来更加有信心。encourage sb. to do sth.encouraging encouragedcookingthe act of preparing something (as food) by the application of heatIve had some training in cooking.我受过些烹饪训练。cook cookerfor freewithout payment同义词：free of chargeThese pictures can be kept for free. You may take whichever you like.这些画可免费拥有。你喜欢哪一幅就拿哪一幅。extramore than is needed, desired, or requiredThe teacher disciplined the class by giving them extra homework.那教师布置额外的家庭作业来处罚学生。fondhaving or displaying warmth or affectionA fond mother may spoil her child.溺爱的母亲可能会宠坏她的孩子。be fond ofHe was fond of drawing when he was a child.他还是个孩子时就喜欢画画。Volleyball is a sport of which I am very fond.排球是我很喜欢的运动。Spanish名词1. the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by SpainHis mother tongue is Spanish.他的母语是西班牙语。2. the people of Spain同义词：Spanish peopleHe is a typical Spanish.他是一个典型的西班牙人。形容词of or relating to or characteristic of Spain or the people of SpainHe is one of the Spanish doctors.他是一名西班牙医生。Spainsculpturecreating figures or designs in three dimensionsThe sculptor is working on a sculpture of Venus.那个雕刻家正在雕一个维纳斯雕像。sculpturaldesserta dish served as the last course of a meala dessert of sliced fruit, ice cream, and toppings.盛有冰淇淋、奶油、水果的甜食look back (on)1. look towards ones back同义词：look backwardLooking back the way we had come, we could see the whole valley spread out behind us.回头看来路时，我们可以看见整个河谷展现在身后。2. look back upon (a period of time, sequence of events); remember同义词：reviewI like to look back on my high-school days, which were the happiest in my life.我喜欢回顾我的中学时代，那是我生命中最快乐的时光。satisfactionthe contentment you feel when you have done something rightLooking at a beautiful painting always gives one satisfaction.观赏一幅美丽的图画使人心满意足。satisfaction: 满足，为名词，指达到希望时所感觉到的较强的满足感，其形容词为satisfactory（指事物，不可用人作主语）或satisfied（可用人作主语）。His success gave me great satisfaction.他的成功令我非常满意。Your work is satisfactory.你的工作令人满意。I am satisfied at/with your success.我对你的成功感到满意。surfride the waves of the sea with a surfboard同义词：surfboardIf the waves are big enough, well go surfing.如果浪够大的话，我们就去冲浪。look around casually and randomly, without seeking anything in particular同义词：browsesurf the internet上网冲浪academicassociated with academia or an academyIts a matter of academic concern.那是学术方面的事。academy academicallyexchangea mutual expression of views (especially an unpleasant one)We exchanged our opinions about the event at the meeting.在会上，我们就此事交换了意见。the act of changing one thing for another thingThey exchanged caps.他们俩交换帽子。exchange.with表示“和某人交换某物”，而exchange.for则表示“以某物换取某物”；in exchange for表示“交换，对换”，常用于give/get/receive后。 I should like to give my pen in exchange for yours. I should like to get/receive your pen in exchange for mine.错句: He exchanged dollars with RMB.订正: He exchanged dollars for RMB.翻译: 他用美元换人民币。分析: exchange.with表示“和某人交换某物”，而exchange.for才表示“以某物换取某物”。formerreferring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)Jane and Mary are good friends; the former is a teacher, the latter is a nurse.珍和玛丽是好朋友，前者是老师，后者是护士。the former表示“前者”，the latter表示“后者”，两者相对，只可用于两个人或物之间；former Mayor表示“前任市长”，而former Ambassador表示“前任大使”，这种former的用法多见于美国，英国人习惯用ex-来表示“前任的”。graduate动词receive an academic degree upon completion of ones studiesHe graduated as an M.D. at Edinburgh.他毕业于爱丁堡大学，获得医学博士学位。graduate from名词a person who has received a degree from a school (high school or college or university)He is a graduate in medicine.他是医科毕业生。graduationfluentsmooth and unconstrained in movementShe likes him all the better for his fluent spoken English.正因为他操一口流利的英语，她更爱他。She is fluent in English.她熟练掌握英语。fluently fluencypaintinggraphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface同义词：pictureLooking at a beautiful painting always gives one satisfaction.观赏一幅美丽的图画使人心满意足。drawing, cartoon, picture, painting, portr