自考英语二 Unit1 Text A Critical Reading.doc

Unit 1 Text A Critical ReadingSome information历史上的中国人信奉“腹有诗书气自华”，如今的中国却被国民的低阅读现状所困扰。各种比较让“不阅读”成为“中国人”今年的又一个定语。先是有数据称，犹太人平均每人一年读书64本，中国人扣除教科书平均每人一年读书连1本都不到。接着有新数据指出，北欧国家人均年阅读量达到24本，而我国年人均阅读量仅为6本。再接着，一名旅居上海的印度工程师孟莎美的文章令人忧虑：不阅读的中国人，在网上引起热议。2012年，我国1870周岁国民人均纸质图书的阅读量为4.39本。而韩国人均年阅读量约为11本，法国约为8.4本，日本8.48.5本，美国8.7本。1.where is it ?2.what are they doing?II. Text Learning (1)Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing 定in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves(包含) more than just（不只是，不仅仅是） understanding 宾what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning（质疑） and evaluating（评估） what the author is saying , and forming(形成) your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.（启下句）阅读纪实文学适合用那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的非虚构类写作。批判性的阅读方法系一种主动性的阅读方法。它涉及到的不仅仅是理解作者所说的话。批判性的阅读方法还涉及到质疑和评估作者所说的话，涉及到对于作者所说的话要形成你自己的观点。如果你想要成为一名有批评性思维的读者在这里我列出一些你应该做到的。本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析1. Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement.apply to sb./sth.= be applicable to sb./sth.apply的派生词：application, applicant, applicable Consider the context（背景） of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. (2)Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. (3)In either case, you must recognize（识别） and take into account（考虑） any differences between your values and attitudes(态度) and those represented（描述） by the author.仔细思考作者的写作背景。你可能正在读一篇与你的文化背景截然不同的作者所写的文章。或者，你可能正在读一篇写于不同于你所处的时代的文章。不论哪种情况，你必须能搞清楚好好考虑你的价值观和态度与作者的不同之处。本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析2. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. some time注意区分：sometime / sometimes / some times3. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。those是代词，代替前面的复数名词values and attitudes。代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用that。例如：The students in your class are more hard-working than those in his class.The values of the young people differ from those of their elders.Your voice is more beautiful that that of your classmates.The price of that book is higher than that of this one. Question assertions（断言） made后置定语 by the author. Dont accept what is written at face value. Before accepting（接受） what is written, be certain that the author provides（提供） sufficient support for any assertions made后置定语. Look for facts, examples, and statisticsthat provide support.（承上句） Also, look to see（检查） if the author has integrated（合并一体） the work of authorities.合理质疑作者所作出的论断。对于作者写出来的不要全盘接受。你在接受作者的观点之前，要确保作者提供了足够多的论据来支持其论点。你要仔细查看支持论断的事实举例和统计数据。另外，你要查看作者是否参考了权威专家的著作。 Compare（比较） what is written with other written work （作品）on the subject（课题）. (4)Look to see that what is written is consistent with （与.相符合、一致）what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies（不一致）, carefully evaluate（评估） the support the author provides for （提供）the inconsistencies. （承上句）把作者所写的内容和该题材其他著作作对比。看看作者所写的内容与该题材领域其他人所写的是否一致。如果有不一致之处，要仔细评估该处作者提供的论据。本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析4. Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject.be consistent with 与一致consist vi. 组成（of）；在于（in）；符合（with）The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.This doesnt consist with what you told me earlier. 这和你先前告诉我的不符合。consist的派生词：consistent, inconsistent, consistency, inconsistency请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】 Analyze（分析） assumptions made后置定语 by the author. (5)Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to （为了）make assertions. In many cases, the authors assumptions（假设） are not directly stated（陈述）. This means you must read carefully in order to identify （辨别）any assumptions.（承上启下句） Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not（是否） the assumption is valid（合理的）.认真分析作者所做的假设。假设指的是作者为了提出其论断所必须相信是正确的那些观点。在许多情况下，作者的假设都不是直接陈述出来的。这就意味着你必须通过仔细地阅读来找到作者的所做的那些假定。一旦你找到一个假设，你必须判断一下这个假设是否是合理的。 Evaluate the sources（来源） the author uses. In doing this, be certain that（确信） the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible（可信的） source if the author is writing about landmark achievements（成就） in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant.（相关的） Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.（承上句） Finally（最后） if the author is writing about a subject in its current （当前的）state, be sure that the sources are current（启下句）. For example, studies done后置定语 by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate（合适的） if the writer is discussing（讨论） the current state of knowledge in physics.评估作者的引用来源。评估时，要确定这些来源是合适的。举例来说，如果作者写的是关于物理学上里程碑式的成就，那么爱因斯坦就是一个可靠的引用。第二，要确定这些引用是相关的。如果文章主题是诗歌，那么爱因斯坦这个例子就是不相关的。最后，如果作者所写的这个主题是当今局势，那就一定要确保引用来源也是当前的。例如，如果作者讨论的是物理学当今的学科知识情况，那么20世纪早期爱因斯坦的研究可能就不太合适了。 Identify any possible author bias（偏见）. (6)A written discussion（讨论） of American politics （政治）will likely look considerably（相当大的） different depending on（取决于） whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. (7)What is written may very well reflect（反映） a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written with a grain of salt.（半信半疑）识别作者可能带有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或是民主党人迥然而异。写出来的文章可能会很好的反映出作者的偏见态度和立场。你需要在阅读作者的文章的过程中考虑到其可能带有的偏见。这也就是说，要有持保留态度看待作者所写的文章。 By being a critical reader, you will become better informed（有学问的） and may change your views as appropriate.通过做一个有批判性的读者，你会成为一个更加有见识和学问的人，并可能适当的改变你自己的观念。本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析5. Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions.whatever引导的是表语从句，不能换成no matter what。名词性从句（主语，宾语，表语，同位语从句）中，疑问词ever不能换成nomatter+疑问词，状语从句中可以换用。例如：Whoever comes to our party is welcome. （不能换成no matter who）He wi