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此次作业完成的认真细致,分析比较详尽,解析言之成理(药理)的友好几组,但最值得肯定的是梁莹组和陈冠琼组。大家可互相参考。国贸031班 梁莹、张玉明、冯诗卉、陈双萍After-class practice 要求:以下是某厂家销售“乌鸡白风丸”所附的中文说明书与英译文。仔细分析中文原文的文字特征及其信息特征,从作为消费者的英语读者接受的信息需求特征角度看,从经济简明和信息结构层次明晰的翻译原则看,如何改进现有的英译文,请提交一份经过修订的英译文,并附有理据说明。具有补气养血,调经止带之功效,主治气血两虚引起的身体瘦弱(指虚弱,并不指瘦)、腰酸腿软、阴虚(原因)盗汗(症状),经血不调,子宫虚寒(?)、行经腹痛、崩漏带下(重复)、产后失血等症。 方中专饲专供的纯种优质乌鸡,补肝肾、养气血(重复),养阴退热之功效显著。全方配伍,药性平和,不寒不躁(即平和也!),最适合(“最”得没道理,难道比较适合的是男士?)妇女补血调经之用,尤其是在透达血分虚热方面功效更为显著。 The WUJI BAIFENG BOLUS has the effect of invigorating the vital energy and nourishing blood, regulating menstruation and stopping leukorrhea. It is suitable for treatment of symptoms caused by deficiency of both the vital energy and blood, such as weakness and leanness, lassitude in the loins and knees, night sweat due to insufficiency of refined materials in the viscera, irregular menstruation( repetition!), asthenia-cold of uterus, dysmenorrhea, leukorrhagia and postpartum bleeding. The silky fowl?in the prescription (处方子中有竹丝鸡?)is specially bred and supplied, quality and purebred, which, which has the remarkable effect on nourishing the liver ad kidney, invigorating the vital energy and blood, nourishing the refined materials in the viscera and clearing away pathogenic heat. The medicine(西药), with even property, neither cold nor dry ( 该药本身既不是寒冷的也不是干燥的), is most suitable for nourishing blood and regulating menstruation ( repeated 3 times) in women, especially efficacious on expelling pathogenic heat due to deficiency from blood system.分析:1、 首先,Nourish, keep (a person, an animal or a plant) alive and well with food.在这里用于形容“养血”不大恰当。“调经止带”:调,指调理、调养,regulate means controlling or directing sth. by means of rules and restrictions; adjusting (an apparatus, a mechanism) so that it functions as desire,是调节、控制的意思。止,这里并非停止之意, 是减少白带过多的流量,调节其达到正常的状态。而Stop是 put an end to or cause to halt or pause的意思,用在这里明显不符合事实。其实,“补气养血”,强调养生养息,与“调经止带”乃药物之功效,行文上与后面主治疾病内容上有重复之味。而译文过于直译中文的意思,但中医诊断治疗的据理及表述无法确保外国读者是否能理解,不如考虑省去直译“补气养血,调经止带之功效”,直接以药物主治功能开头归纳其义,避免重复,亦能全面诠释其所要表达的内容。2、 “瘦弱”,在文中实指身体虚弱,并非指形体瘦削。而Lean 指 thin and healthy, without too much flesh,身体虽瘦,人仍保持健康。若以“lean”译“瘦弱”,就不能体现因气血两虚引起的虚弱之病症。3、 中医治疗分阴阳、寒热,西医却没有。我们平常讲肾虚,实际包括了肾阴虚和肾阳虚。肾阴是物质上的缺乏,肾阳就是功能上的匮乏,物质上的缺乏体现出来就是腰膝酸软,头脑发晕等。“盗汗”是中医的一个病症名,是以入睡后汗出异常,醒后汗泄即止为特征的一种病症。“子宫虚寒”也属于中医术语。从字面意义上似乎可以理解为何参考译文中出现night sweat due to insufficiency of refined materials in the viscera,asthenia-cold of uterus。但是中医博大精深,“阴虚盗汗、子宫虚寒、崩漏带下”这些连我们中国人都难以理解的表述,外国人就更不清楚所谓的阴阳、寒热之分了,而生硬地将其从字面上翻译只能令译文越发Chinglish。其实,“阴虚盗汗”想讲的就是病症盗汗,“子宫虚寒”导致的后果就是白带过多,因此翻译时,此处省去病因 due to insufficiency of refined materials in the viscera强调病症结果night sweat,避免说太多令英语读者无法接收的信息,我们选择适当地省去某些中医术语,但保留其基本意思。4、 “崩漏带下”有两层意思:(1)妇女不在行经期间,阴道大量出血为崩;或持续出血,淋漓不断为漏。故济生方谓:“崩漏之病,本乎一证,轻者谓之漏下,甚者谓之崩中。”(2)妇女阴道内流出一种粘腻或稀薄的液体,绵绵不断如带的,称为带下。leukorrhagia 是指白带过多,当白带的颜色、质量、数量出现异常时则是某种疾病的表现。中医称“带下”、“赤白带”。 5、 “方中专饲专供的纯种优质乌鸡,补肝肾、养气血,养阴退热之功效显著。”作为国外消费者,他们的消费观念认为处方中采用的乌鸡应该是经过专饲专供的,中文的表达方法却喜欢夸张,欲彰显用料的优质及处方的精心配制。在翻译成英文的时候,就要根据国外消费者对信息的处理习惯。越是强调乌鸡纯种优质,越是令人怀疑平时用于它用的乌鸡是劣质的,造成画蛇添足。所以本小组讨论认为,此处“specially bred and supplied, quality and purebred” 应该删去不译。另外,这句的目的在于强调配方中采用的乌鸡原料对于本产品药效产生的作用,所以我们觉得此处重复的地方如“补肝肾、养气血,养阴退热之功效显著”可以省译,直接在开头说明本产品配方取自何物,使说明书简洁明了。6、 “全方配伍”是说处方中不仅含有乌鸡,还有其他中药加以柔和配制,使得此物药性平和。因此,此处我们用Chinese herbal ingredients 表示。7、 The medicine(西药), with even property, neither cold nor dry ( 该药本身既不是寒冷的也不是干燥的) (1)“medicine” 多指药剂,而我们介绍的产品为丸状的(2)Even: unchanging in quality; regular; steady 强调的是药性稳定。Neutral:(chemistry)neither acid nor alkaline. 主要指药性中和,不含酸性或碱性,不伤脾胃。与原文的“药性平和,不寒不燥”更贴切。Property: a stated quality, power, or effect that belongs naturally to something (3)“药性平和,不寒不燥” 乃属中医概念,与人的感觉上的寒冷、干燥不同,“neither cold nor dry”纯属直译,药本身不可能既不是寒冷的也不是干燥的,这里误解了中文的意思,反而给读者造成误会。且“不寒不燥”亦即“平和”,没有必要再重复翻译。8、我们觉得“最”得有道理!原文是说“最适合/妇女补血调经之用”,“最”字的重点在后半部分“补血调经”。这句话并不等于是说“最适合于妇女用”,如果换成这种说法的话,那就有歧义了,难道还比较适合男士?所以,根据原文想表达的意思和中文的语用习惯,“最”字并不是用得没有道理。其不合理在于重复,英文没有必要反复申明此药的功能是妇女补血调经。透达血分虚热也是中医上的说法,在西医里,大致意思也是指治气血两虚,补气养血。前面已经有所述说,因此不必重复。经上述分析,修改后的译文为:The WUJI BAIFENG BOLUS is formulated from the black-bone silky fowl and Chinese herbal ingredients. With an even property, it is effective for treatment of symptoms caused by deficiency of vital energy and blood, such as weakness, lassitude in the loins and knees, night sweat, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, leukorrhagia and postpartum bleeding.评语:分析非常详尽,多处分析都符合医理,译文处理简介达意,信息突出。Scores: 96 *国贸031班 陈冠琼 陈诗靖 吕珊珊 尤丽艳乌鸡白凤丸具有补气养血,调经止带之功效,主治气血两虚引起的身体瘦弱(指虚弱,并不指瘦)、腰酸腿软、阴虚(原因)盗汗(症状),经血不调,子宫虚寒(?)、行经腹痛、崩漏带下(重复)、产后失血等症。 方中专饲专供的纯种优质乌鸡,补肝肾、养气血(重复),养阴退热之功效显著。全方配伍,药性平和,不寒不躁(即平和也!),最适合(“最”得没道理,难道比较适合的是男士?)妇女补血调经之用,尤其是在透达血分虚热方面功效更为显著。原译:The WUJI BAIFENG BOLUS has the effect of invigorating the vital energy and nourishing blood, regulating menstruation and stopping leukorrhea. It is suitable for treatment of symptoms caused by deficiency of both the vital energy and blood, such as weakness and leanness, lassitude in the loins and knees, night sweat due to insufficiency of refined materials in the viscera, irregular menstruation( repetition!), asthenia-cold of uterus, dysmenorrhea, leukorrhagia and postpartum bleeding. The silky fowl?in the prescription is specially bred and supplied, quality and purebred, which, which has the remarkable effect on nourishing the liver ad kidney, invigorating the vital energy and blood, nourishing the refined materials in the viscera and clearing away pathogenic heat. The medicine, with even property, neither cold nor dry, is most suitable for nourishing blood and regulating menstruation ( repeated 3 times) in women, especially efficacious on expelling pathogenic heat due to deficiency from blood system.一、对中文的分析:1“具有补气养血,调经止带之功效,主治气血两虚引起的身体瘦弱、腰酸腿软、阴虚盗汗,经血不调,子宫虚寒、行经腹痛、崩漏带下、产后失血等症。”此文段虽繁杂,但是已基本道出全文的大意:功能主治:补气养血,调经止带。主治气血两虚引起的身体虚弱,腰酸腿软,阴虚盗汗,经血不调,子宫虚寒、行经腹痛、崩漏带下、产后失血等症。首句“具有补气养血,调经止带之功效”给人感觉故意卖弄文字之嫌,语句不够简洁,因而改写为“功能主治:补气养血,调经止带”。改正后,虽然字数减少不多,却能给人言简意赅之感,且以冒号引出“主治”的内容,总领全段,给人一种紧凑的整体感。然后,气血两虚引起的是身体的“虚弱”,而非“瘦弱”。后面的内容我们基本上未做修改,因为查过许多资料,得知各症状之间无重叠,不能删除。2“方中专饲专供的纯种优质乌鸡,补肝肾、养气血,养阴退热之功效显著”给人的整体感觉,就是和原文主题关系不大,仅指出原料是“纯种优质乌鸡”且有“养气血”之功效。但是后者又与前面的“补气养血”重复。因此此句我们仅保留了信息“纯种优质乌鸡”。3“全方配伍,药性平和,不寒不躁,最适合妇女补血调经之用,尤其是在透达血分虚热方面功效更为显著。”中“全方配伍”指的就是各种药材依据一定的配方、一定的比例搭配,但是中药在很大程度上就是各种药材的搭配,因此“全方配伍”的说法纯属多余。“药性平和,不寒不躁”之间是有重复的,同时我们分析发现,“药性平和”是一个纯中文的概念,英语读者没有这种观念,译出来也使人无法理解。故舍去。而“最适合妇女补血调经之用,尤其是在透达血分虚热方面功效更为显著”更属于明显的多余,整个文段都是在说明“乌鸡白凤丸”的作用。“乌鸡白凤丸”的主要作用就是“补血调经”。故此句删除。4最后,我们将句式稍作调整,将配方中的主要元素(份额大于其他任意一种药材)“纯种优质乌鸡”作为定语,修饰“乌鸡白凤丸”。点评:能对原文文字作出较详细的译前处理,非常好!这是应用翻译过程中一个重要环节二、根据对中文的分析,我们对译文做出了如下修改:1The WUJI BAIFENG BOLUS, with its main ingredient quality and purebred black-boned chicken, has the remarkable effect of invigorating Qi and nourishing blood, regulating menstruation and arresting excessive leukorrhea.“its main ingredient quality and purebred black-boned chicken”用“with”结构,修饰主语“The WUJI BAIFENG BOLUS”,避免了主语过长,又恰当地道出了“乌鸡白凤丸”的主要成分。“乌鸡”应该是“black-boned chicken”,“纯种优质乌鸡”则为“quality and purebred black-boned chicken”。点评:句法结构似乎可改为with purebred black-boned chicken as its main ingredient为好“气”,我们翻译为“Qi”,因为这个富有中国特色的词已经为英语读者广泛接受,而且其意义与英文中的“Heat”也不是完全一样。“止带”是一种中式的说法,然而仔细推敲是不科学的。正常的白带是必需的,白带中含有乳酸杆菌、溶菌酶和抗体,故有抑制细菌生长的作用。但是白带过多是不正常的。因此不能说“止带”,只能说“抑制白带过多”。故翻译为“arresting excessive leucorrhea”。点评:分析符合生理逻辑2It is suitable for treatment of symptoms caused by deficiency of Qi and blood, such as weakness, lassitude in the loins and knees, night sweat due to insufficiency of refined materials in the viscera, asthenia-cold of uterus, dysmenorrhea, leukorrhagia and postpartum bleeding. 首先是对“suitable”及“effective”的比较,经我们讨论认为“suitable”可表示“乌鸡白凤丸”适用于“调经止带”,但是因为各人体质不同,并不是对所有人都有效。且药品说明书多用“suitable”,故“suitable”较“effective”合适。点评:分析言之成理“腰酸腿软”我们翻成“lassitude in the loins and knees”,因为这种疲惫不同于运动后的双腿酸软,而是由于经期引起的膝盖酸软,腰酸背痛。“refined materials in the viscera”,因为虽然查过很多资料,但仍对医学中的“虚”不是很了解,我们无法分辨出“盗汗”的原因 “阴虚”与前面的“气血两虚”是否有意思的重叠。所以这句我们并未做出修改。三、综上所述,我们得出以下结论:修改稿:The WUJI BAIFENG BOLUS, with its main ingredient quality and purebred black-boned chicken, has the remarkable effect of invigorating Qi and nourishing blood, regulating menstruation and arresting excessive leukorrhea. It is suitable for treatment of symptoms caused by deficiency of Qi and blood, such as weakness, lassitude in the loins and knees, night sweat due to insufficiency of refined materials in the viscera, asthenia-cold of uterus, dysmenorrhea, leukorrhagia and postpartum bleeding. 总评:译文经济简明、意思清楚,分析详细,符合医理。Scores: 96 *商英国贸031 陈锦煜 黄钰杰The WUJI BAIFENG BOLUS has the effect of strengthening energy, nourishing blood, lessening the pain of menstruation and stopping? 参看陈冠琼组的分析 leucorrhea. It is used for treatment of symptom of weakness and leanness, lassitude in the loins and knees, night sweat, caused by deficiency of both energy? and blood, insufficiency of refined materials in the viscera, asthenia-cold of uterus, dysmenorrheal, leukorrhagia and postpartum bleeding. The fowl in the prescription is specially bred and supplied. And the bolus is most suitable for women, especially efficacious on expelling pathogenic heat due to deficiency from blood system.Scores: 87 *方时阳改译及分析:The WUJI BAIFENG BOLUS has the effect of invigorating the vital energy, nourishing blood, regulating menstruation and reducing leukorrhea. It is suitable for treatment of symptoms caused by deficiency of both the vital energy and blood, such as weakness , lassitude in the loins and knees, night sweat due to insufficiency of refined materials in the viscera,asthenia-cold of uterus, dysmenorrhea, and postpartum bleeding. The black bone chicken in the prescription is specially bred and supplied, quality and purebred, which has the remarkable effect in nourishing the liver and kidney, nourishing the refined materials in the viscera and clearing away pathogenic heat. The remedy, with even property,is especially efficacious on expelling pathogenic heat due to deficiency from blood system.1 原译文的and用法不好,应该在最后一个并列断语前加。2 根据女性生理知识,应该是reducing,不应该是stopping点评:分析符合生理逻辑3 指虚弱,并不指瘦,因此把leanness去掉点评:分析符合生理逻辑4 重复强调月经不调,因此把irregular menstruation删掉5 意思重复,因此把leukorrhagia删掉6 乌鸡应该翻译为black bone chicken7 短语应该是have effect in doing sth, 而不是have effect on doing sth8 意思重复,因此把invigorating the vital energy and blood去掉9 Medicine指中药?,因此把它改为remedy指药,药物10 是药效不寒不澡,不是药物本身,因此把neither cold nor dry去掉,且补血调经的药效重复,即把is most suitable for nourishing blood and regulating menstruation in women去掉Scores 92 *刘娜问题一: regulate 在词典上有调节使有规律的意思,如:regulate eating habit 调节饮食习惯,使有规律,所以在这里就调节经期而言是没有问题的;但后句,“止带”直接用了stop来翻译“止”的意思。通常,白带是不可能彻底消除的,少许白带是正常的生理现象,所以,在这里“止”应该更倾向于“减少,有效控制”的意思,故用alleviate表示减轻白带症状。 点评:分析符合生理逻辑问题二:症状中的身体瘦弱,逻辑上主要是偏义于虚弱,瘦没必要体现。点评:分析有理问题三:“阴虚盗汗”一句,阴虚是原因,导致盗汗的结果,同时阴虚这个原因已经在句子结构的总起中体现,在这里没有必要重复。问题四:症状中有一次出现“经血不调”,这在第一句就有交待,可以不译,是信息结构更清晰。同理,后几句中“崩漏带下”也可以略去不译。问题五:乌鸡:black-boned chicken,文中所译为其他鸡种。问题六:“补肝肾、养气血”中“养气血”这一信息点重复,可以删略。问题七:“药性平和,不寒不躁”不是指药本身的物理性质,而是化学性质,即对人体产生的效果,“neither cold nor dry”明显侧重在药丸的物理性质上,而实际上“with even property”已经把药丸的化学平和性翻译出来,后句没有必要再重复。问题八:“最合适”是“最”的有道理的,一方面,现在医学证明,白凤丸对男性也有很好的医疗保健作用;另一方面,它强调了在众多症状中,无论是男性还是女性,对妇女补血调经疗效是最为显著的。但这个“最”字,用后文的“especially”可以概括。整理后的译文如下:The WUJI BAIFENG BOLUS has the effect of invigorating the vital energy and nourishing blood, regulating menstruation and alleviating leucorrhea. It is suitable for treatment of symptoms caused by deficiency of both the vital energy and blood, such as weakness, lassitude in the loins and knees, night sweating, asthenia-cold of uterus, dysmenorrheal and postpartum bleeding. The black-boned chicken in the prescription? as its main ingredientis purebred, which is specially bred and supplied in high qualityRe. It has the remarkable effect on nourishing the liver, kidney and the refined materials in the viscera and clearing away pathogenic heat. The medicine?, with even property, is especially efficacious on expelling pathogenic heat due to deficiency from blood system.Scores: 90 *商英国贸031 黎丽 刘颖琳 吴冉冰修改译文:The WuJiBaiFeng Bolus is good for the vital energy and the blood, and it is effective in regulating menstruation and treating leukorrhagia. And it has marked effect in treating symptoms caused by the deficiency of Qi and blood, such as weakness, distress of waist, debility of the legs, night sweat, abdominal pain during menses, and bleeding at the usual time or after childbirth, etc. It includes something useful distilled from the high quality and purebred silky fowl which has been specially bred and is very helpful for nourishing the corporeity and keeping healthy. All the components of the Bolus are very mild and suitable for women to use to keep healthy.解释:1 Stopping lekorrhea, 是停止白带的出现的意思,但是,我们认为中文中的“止带”是治疗白带过多让它恢复正常的意思,因为有白带是正常的,不需要停止,只有过多的时候才要调节。2 “气血两虚”,“阴虚”,“子宫虚寒”等,都是引起女人不适的原因,其实就是气血虚,所以,从简洁的角度出发,其它两个都不用译出来。“带下”不宜出来也是同样的理由。3 “补肝肾,养气血,养阴退热”是只在中国才有的一些药效的说法,不必直译,所以意译成 “nourishing the corporeity and keeping healthy”。4 “方中专饲专供的”不应译成 “The silky fowl in the prescription”, 而应该是乌鸡白凤丸的成分里面含有乌鸡的成分的意思。5 “全方配伍,药性平和,不寒不躁”其实就是乌鸡白凤丸的制作成分都很平和的意思,不必直译。6 最后那句的“在透达血分虚热方面功效显著”,与上文提到的“补气养血”,“主治气血两虚”重复,从简洁的原则出发,不必再译出来。Scores: 93 *国贸031 韩名洁 陈君珠 蒙子君解析:1. 为避免多次重复功效,可把乌鸡的功效放在前面同乌鸡白凤丸的功效一起讲,所以将划“ ”部分的内容修改后调到前面。2. 其一,阴虚,due to insufficiency of refined materials in the viscera,即为盗汗原因,与前所述气血两虚重复。其二,此处身体瘦弱、腰酸腿软、盗汗等皆为症状,为并列关系。所以此处阴虚应删去。3. 由汉英医学大辞典查得虚寒为:asthenia cold ;astheniacold ;cold and deficiency of ;cold of insufficiency type4. 竹丝鸡即乌鸡,但文中silky fowl 为泰山鸡,武山鸡,并非通常所指的乌鸡,故应该为black-bone chicken.5. the refined materials in the viscera:此翻译理解较为艰难。根据外研社汉英词典中“阴虚”为:deficiency of yin / insufficiency of body fluid,此处“养阴”可简译为nourishing the body fluid. 6. 补肝肾、养气血、养阴, 动词皆为滋补调养之意,因此可单用一个动词来统领,使结构更加清晰简洁。故可简化为: Nourishing the liver, kidney, vital energy, blood and body fluid.7. medicine: 一般指西药。此处可用该药配方代替,用prescription.8. even: (of amounts, distances, values) equal, 指数量或价值平均、相等,此处药性平和应用mild (温和,不强烈)更为贴切。9. 药性平和即不寒不躁,此处为重复,虽符合中文阅读习惯,但英文中讲究简洁明了,可删去“ 不寒不躁”。再则,“不寒不躁”文中译法歪曲了原文的意思:药性温和。这样的译法变成了药品本身不是寒冷的也不是干燥的。10. “最”字在此的意思是此药配方相对于其他药品,是最适合补血调经的药,有自夸之意,适合于中文表达。此处并无不妥。11. 末句内容大部分与前面有重复,可以概括为“适合治疗与月经有关的疾病”。12. 此处指调节白带使之恢复正常,而不是完全使其停止,所以不应用stop。13. 此处并无重复,上文所说为功效,下面为症状。修改译文:The WUJI BAIFENG BOLUS,with specially bred and supplied, quality and ? U purebred black-bone chicken in the prescription, has the remarkable effect of nourishing the liver, kidney, vital energy, blood and body fluid, regulating menstruation and leuc
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