文化复习题--东南大学.doc

文化复习题1.The symbol for the Republican Party in the United States is a(n) _.A.donkeyB.elephantC.cowD.monkey共和党是大象，民主党是驴2.The symbol for the Democratic Party in the United States is a(n) _.A.donkeyB.elephantC.cowD.monkey3.The _ states are those that support the Democratic Party in the U.S.A.blueB.redC.whiteD.green蓝色的州代表的是支持民主党4.The _ states are those that support the Republican Party in the U.S.A.blueB.redC.whiteD.green红色的州支持共和党5.Suburban areas in a western city are often inhabited by _.A.low-income peopleB.middle-class and wealthy people（中产或富裕阶级）C. farmers D.minorities6.A _ pattern is an urban development pattern in which businesses and affluent （weathy）residents migrate to surrounding suburbs and edge cities, resulting in a hollowed out downtown core consisting of mostly poorer residents.A.doughnutB.recyclingC.flowingD.hierarchical圆环形的市区发展形式7.The _is the central area of a major city or metropolis（大都市）. In the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and Ireland, the term is often applied to the poorer parts of the city centre and is sometimes used as a euphemism with the connotation of being an area, perhaps a ghetto or slum, where residents are less educated and more impoverished and where there is more crime.A.central business districtB.downtown C.inner city(内城区)D.urban area8.Which of the following is true on the issue of gun control?A.The Democratic Party is more committed to gun control than the Republican Party.(民主党主张枪的控制)B.The two parties in the States take the same position on the issue.C. The Republican Party is more actively involved in controlling gun ownership in the American society.D.Neither the Republican nor the Democratic Party cares about the gun control problem.9.Pro-life（反堕胎的；反对人工流产合法化的；） vs. pro-choice（主张人工流产为合法的；提倡堕胎合法的） refers to _.A.a debate concerning human rightsB.a debate on womens right to give up unborn babiesC.a conflict between workers and their employerD.a debate on peoples religious belief10.Being _ is about more than caring for the unborn. Its about caring for the living as well.A.pro-choiceB.pro-lifeC.pro-amD.pro-and-con11.The debate over gun ownership continued in the 2008 presidential campaign. It was centered on the _ Amendment（修正案） to the United States Constitution, protecting a persons right to bear and keep arms.A.FirstB.SecondC.ThirdD.Fourth2008年第二次宪法修正案是关于枪支的控制问题12.The _ Amendment to the United States Constitution expressly prohibits the United States Congress from making laws that prohibit the free exercise of religion, infringe the freedom of speech, infringe the freedom of the press, limit the right to peaceably assemble, or limit the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances. A.FirstB.SecondC.ThirdD.Fourth第一次宪法修正案是保护人护集会。的权利13._ is specifically used for the exclusion of Asian-Americans from executive and managerial roles.A.Glass ceilingB. Bamboo ceilingC.Glass elevatorD.Concrete ceiling14.When “the House” is mentioned in a newspaper story, it most probably refers to _A.the White HouseB.the House of Representatives（众议院）C.the House of CommonsD.the House of Lords众议院435人，而参议院100人。(Today, the total membership of the House of Representatives is 440 Members. There are 435 Representatives from the 50 states. In addition, four, non-voting Delegates represent the District of Columbia and the U.S. territories of Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. A non-voting Resident Commissioner, serving a four-year term, represents the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico波多黎各自由联邦, 拥有美国联邦领土地位（US Commonwealth Territory）。.) 15.The House bill contained no comparable provision to the Senate bill, which imposed a requirement for a hearing before a judge. Here “the House” refers to _.A.the House of RepresentativesB.the White HouseC.the House of CommonsD.the House of Lords16.The luckiest date when American people choose to get married is _.A.May 1B.October 10C. July 7D.September 1(7月7日，七夕佳节)17.Which of the following is not true of the wedding practice in the American society?A.The bride has something borrowed from her friend.B.There is usually something blue on the brides wedding dress to symbolize fidelity.C.Everything should be brand new on a wedding ceremony in order for the couple to have a completely new life.D.Something new represents optimism and a good future.Bride and groom 新娘新郎 18.The Tories(英国托利派；王党保守党) are the members of _.A.the British Conservative Party.B.the British Labour PartyC.the U.S. Democratic PartyD.the U.S. Republican Party1. (Whigs) 【英国历史】辉格党(今自由党前身)党员19.The two major parties in the UK are the Conservative Party and _ Party.A.DemocraticB.RepublicanC.LaborD.Progressive the labor party 工党20.Japans legislation body is known as _.A.CongressB.ParliamentC.DietD.Duma21.To help spread Japanese, the Japan Foundation, the nations rough equivalent to _ or Germanys _, invites 500 foreign teachers from more than 50 nations to Japan each year for all-expenses-paid training programs.A.the British FoundationGoethe InstituteB.the British FoundationGerman CouncilC.the British CouncilGoethe InstituteD.the Brinish CouncilGerman Institute22.Which of the following is true of the “国务院” in the U.S. and China?A.They are respectively translated as the State Council and the State Department.B.They are respectively translated as the State Department and the State Council.C.One is the counterpart of the other.D.There is no government agency translated as “国务院” in the U.S. federal government.23.“Japan Inc.” is a name referring to _.A.the corporate world of JapanB.a multinational corporation based in JapanC.Japans incapacity to maintain sustained growthD.Japans increasing ambition for world resources(If dividends -money that companies periodically dole out to shareholders out of their profits - are an indicator of India Incs health, then it appears things might be slowing down.)24._ is a term coined by Harvard professor Joseph S. Nye in 1990 to describe how countries get what they want through attraction rather than coercion.A.Military powerB.Economic powerC.Charm offensiveD.Soft power25. Americas China policies are described as “engagement”, “containment” or even “congagement”. They may be translated as _ respectively.A.“接触”, “遏制”, “遏制加接触”B.“遏制”, “接触”, “遏制加接触”C.“遏制加接触”, “遏制”, “接触”, D.“接触”, “遏制加接触”, “遏制”26.The Kyoto Protocol(京都议定书) is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on _.A.World PeaceB.Economic DevelopmentC.Climate ChangeD.Financial Security27._ is an association of eight universities and colleges in the northeast United States, comprising Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Princeton, the University of Pennsylvania, and Yale.A.SATB.NGOB.Electoral CollegeD.Ivy League28.How dare you endorse the candidate who has compromised on our gun rights and civil liberties just because he has an “R” behind his name? The underlined “R” refers to _.A.RightB.RepublicanC.RaceD.Registration 29.While the focus has been on the Dow Jones道琼斯股票 and Wall Street, we are addressing the real pain felt by Mr. and Mrs. Jones on _.A.Main Street(n.相对于华尔街(Wall Street,指代大资本家)，原指代中产阶级，现也可指代普通民众。;大街;)B.Fleet StreetC.Central AvenueD.Highway30.A(n) _ degree typically requires a higher standard than a pass degree. In many areas of the world an additional year of study is required in order to be awarded with such a degree.A.honorB.honorsC.meritD.honorary 31.A state visit(国家访问) is paid by _.A.the head of state国家元首（the Head of State）B.the head of governmentC.the Foreign MinisterD.a high-ranking official32.Hippies appeared in the _ in the United States.A.1940sB.1960s (嬉皮士)C.1980sD.1950s(Counterculture movement in the 1960s: In the United States, the counterculture of the 1960s became identified with the rejection of conventional social norms of the 1950s. Counterculture youth rejected the cultural standards of their parents, especially with respect to racial segregation and initial widespread support for the Vietnam War)(Yuppie (short for young urban professional课文里提到的yuppies雅皮士（young urban professional）是城市里年轻的职业人士or young upwardly-mobile professional) is a 1980s and early 1990s term for financially secure, upper-middle class young people in their 20s and early 30s.)33.A _ law is one restricting activities or sales of goods on Sunday, to accommodate the Christian Sabbath. 严格的法律（旧时禁止星期日营业、饮酒、娱乐等的规定）蓝色法规A.redB.greenC.blackD.blue(A blue law is one restricting activities or sales of goods on Sunday, to accommodate the Christian sabbath. 基督教的安息日The first blue law in the American colonies was enacted in Virginia in 1617. It required church attendance and authorized the militia to force colonists to attend church services.Other early blue laws prohibited work, travel, recreation, and activities such as cooking, shaving, cutting hair, wearing either lace or precious metals, sweeping, making beds, kissing, and engaging in sexual intercourse. The Puritans believed that a child was born on the same day of the week on which it was conceived. Therefore, the parents of children born on a Sunday were punished for violating the blue law nine months earlier.Although blue laws requiring Sunday church attendance disappeared in the nineteenth century because they violated citizen rights to religious freedoms, other blue laws have continued to exist into the modern era. In Texas, for example, blue laws prohibited selling house wares such as pots, pans, and washing machines on Sunday until 1985, and car dealerships in the state continue to operate under blue-law prohibitions. Many states still prohibit selling alcohol on Sunday, although its now the second busiest shopping day of the week.) 34. The Vice President副总统；副主席 of the United States is also _.A. House SpeakerB.President of the Senate参议院主席（President of the Senate）C.government speakerD.office manager of the Oval Office35.The permanent members of the Security Council are China, _, Russian Federation, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America.A.GermanyB.EgyptC.FranceD.Japan联合国安理会五大成员，中国，法国，俄国，英国，美国。36._ are classes which give high-school students a chance to earn college credit.A.Advanced Placement programsAP课程B.Compulsory coursesC.Optional coursesD.Crash courses37.The Gini coefficient基尼系数is a measure of statistical dispersion developed by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini and published in his 1912 paper Variability and Mutability. It is commonly used as a measure of inequality of _. It has, however, also found application in the study of inequalities in disciplines as diverse as health science, ecology, and chemistry.A.income or wealthB.social statusC.environmental healthD.social stability38.Engels law is an observation in economics stating that, with a given set of tastes and preferences, as income rises, the proportion of income spent on _ falls, even if actual expenditure on it rises. A.housingB.transportationC.foodD.clothing恩格尔系数39.The Caucasian(高加索人) people refer to _.A.AsiansB.blacksC.whitesD.primitives 40.The agency responsible for foreign affairs in the States is called _. A.the State Department美国国务院B.the Foreign Ministry 外交部C.the White House D.the House of Lords英国上议院41.The items related to Easter are _.A.pumpkins and turkeysB.turkeys and bunnies C.eggs and bunnies复活节彩蛋和兔子D.roses and pumpkins42.There are _ Senators and _ Representatives in the United States Congress.A.100435100个参议员，435个众议员B.435100C.100100D.43543543.In most of the United Kingdom and in some Commonwealth联邦；共和国；国民整体countries, a _ school is a traditional independent school for secondary-age pupils funded by a combination of endowments, tuition fees and other non-governmental funding. It does not rely on taxpayer contributions, and is independent from both central and local government control. These schools, wherever located, often follow a British educational tradition. Originally, many were single-sex boarding schools, but many are now co-educational with both boarders and day-pupils. This usage is synonymous with preparatory school in the USA, although in British English preparatory school has a different meaning.A.privateB.stateC.publicD.personal (A grammar school 文法学校 is one of several different types of school in the history of education in the United Kingdom and some other English-speaking countries, originally schools teaching classical languages but more recently academically-oriented types of secondary school. 中等学校) (Preparatory school预科；预备学校 or prep school may refer to a university-preparatory school, a school in North America that is a private secondary school, typically charging high fees, designed to prepare students aged 1418 for higher education at a university or college or a preparatory school in the UK that is a private school designed to prepare pupils under 13 for entry into the fee-required public schools that are the equivalent of the college/university prep schools in North America)44. The _ consists of the popularly elected representatives (electors) who formally elect the President and Vice President of the United States. Since 1964, there have been 538 electors in each presidential electionA.Selective CommitteeB.Elective BoardC.Election BodyD.Electoral College 总统选举团（由各州选举人选出的538名选举人组成的选举团履行选举总统和副总统职责）45.In the Commonwealth of Nations, a High Commissioner is the senior diplomat高级外交官(ranking as _) in charge of the diplomatic mission of one Commonwealth government to another. In this usage, a Commonwealth nations High Commission is its embassy 大使馆 to another Commonwealth nation.A.a first secretaryB.an emissaryC.an attach D.an ambassador 46.The US interstate highway system makes long-distance travel by car fast and convenient. Interstate highways are clearly marked with numbers: _ numbers mark north and south routes and _ numbers mark east and west routes. Such toll roads as turnpikes, thruways and parkways are part of the interstate system. The speed limit on all highways is 55 miles per hour unless otherwise posted.A.oddevenB.evenoddC.positivenegativeD.Negative.positive南北方向是奇数，东南方向是偶数47.As _ offices are typically given to the most senior executives, the term primarily refers to top management positions, such as the chief executive officer (CEO), chief financial officer (CFO), chief operating officer (COO), chief marketing officer (CMO), chief information officer (CIO), and the director of human resources.A.ovalB.highC.cornerD.top48.“Sir” is used as an honorific before_ of baronets从男爵 and knights.骑兵A.the given name 名 or the full name 全名B.the surname or the full nameC. the surnameD.the middle name 49.The stereotype陈腔滥调of a professor is he or she is _.A.absent-mindedB.tough and unyieldingC.casual and informalD.with a dry sense of humor50.The stereotype of a politician in the United States is that he or she often _.A.cares about ordinary peoples welfareB.fails to keep his or her promiseC.is good at talkingD.is easy to approach51.The stereotype of a blonde白肤金发碧眼女人is that she is _.A.talkativeB.attractiveC.stupidD.graceful52.In American colleges and universities, fraternities 兄弟会 and sororities女学生联谊会are named with _ letters.A.EnglishB.FrenchC. LatinD.Greek53.The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution grants授与 _ to and protects the civil 公民的 and political rights of all people born in the US.A.citizenshipB.human rightsC.freedom of speechD.freedom to be ones best54._ is a term describing power obtained from the use of military and/or economic coercion to influence the behavior or interests of other political bodies. As the name would suggest, this form of political power is often aggressive, and is most effective when imposed by one political body upon another of lesser military and/or economic power.A.Soft landingB.Hard powerC.White supremacyD.Soft power重要概念：State of the Union address国情咨文The State of the Union address is an annual address presented by the President of the United States to the United States Congress. The address not only reports on the condition of the nation but also allows the president to outline his legislative agenda and national priorities to Congress. The report has occurred in January (except for the occasion of a new presidents entrance into Office, whereupon he gives his first address in February) since 1934.国情咨文是美国总统每年一次的向国会的报告演讲。报告内容有国情分析，总统立法议程，国家优先事项Presidential system总统制 presidential government总统制政府A presidential system is a system of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the name) separately from the legislature, to which it is not accountable and which cannot, in normal circumstances, dismiss it.总统制是一种政府体制，由独立的分支存在和主持，独立于立法机关。Parliamentary system议会制 A parliamentary system is a system of government wherein