九年级下7——10复习学案 文档 (2).doc

新目标八年级下册units 7-10复习学案主备人：丁 玲 课型： 复习课 使用人： 时间： 签审人： 教师寄语: No pains, no gains. Never say die. 永不言败。 第一部分：知识讲解Unit 7Useful Expression1. turn down/up 调小/大（音量） turn on/off 打开/关上（电源开关）2. not at all一点也不 3. right away = in a minute 立刻、马上 4. do/wash the dish 洗碗 5.get out of 出来 6.put on穿上（动作 wear 穿着（状态）7.feed the dog 喂狗keep the dog 养狗8. return to 把还给9. help sb. do/with sth. 帮助某人做某事10. make posters 制作海报11. a terrible haircut 一个糟糕的发型12. have a long telephone conversation 褒电话粥13. wait in line 排队cut in line 插队14. follow sb. around 跟在某人周围15. get mad = get annoy = get angry 感到恼火16. all the time 一直17. complain about 抱怨18. be polite 有礼貌19. try (not) to do sth. 尽力（不去）做某事20. must be 一定是21. keep down 保持音量22. seem like 看上去像23. be allowed 被允许24. even if/though 尽管、即使 25. take care = be careful 小心26. in public places 在公众场合in public 公开地，当众地27. put out 熄灭28. drop litter 乱丢垃圾29. pick up 捡起、拾起Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music.Important language points1.-Would you mind turning down the music?你介意把音乐声关小一点吗？-No, not at all.不，一点也不。(1)Would you mind doing? 用来客气地提出请求、要求的方式之一。相当于：Would youplease?在回答此类问题时，应注意英语的表达方式，若愿意去做，则用“No ,not at all/Ofcourse not.（不介意）/Certainly not”回答。若介意则回答“Sorry, but I do.”(2)mind用作动词，意为“介意，在乎，反对”。后通常跟名词，动名词或代词。Do you mind my（me）smoking.=Do you mind if I smoke? 你介意我抽烟吗？ -No, not at all.(表示不介意对方抽烟)-Sorry, but I do.(表示对方不要抽烟)注：表示说话人请求别人去做某事，则用“Would you mind +doing?”提出请求。Would you mind closing the window? 你介意把窗关了吗？如果表示说话人自己要去执行此动作，则用“Would you mind my（me）+doing ? 一般用物主代词，在非正式英语中，更常见的是使用me，you，sbs（当有特定的某人时）物主代词可以是任何人称的，当这些词在语法上起着句子的宾语的作用时，尤其要用这种形式。Would you mind my(me) turning down the radio?你介意我关掉收音机吗？Would you mind Toms making a suggestion?你介意汤姆提个意见吗？(3)turn down(将音量)调低，关小。其反义词为turn up,意为“调大，开大”。turn on 接通，打开（自来水，电源，电灯等），其反义词为turn off 截断，关上。turn on/off the radio/the light.(4)not at all的用法：“一点儿也不”。用在否定句中，用来加强语气，表示程度。eg:I dont like fish at all.我一点也不（根本不）喜欢鱼。用于交际口语中，有“不用谢，别客气，一点也不介意”的意思。 -Would you mind? -Thank you for your help.-Not at all一点也不。 -Not at all.不用谢。2Sorry, Ill do it right away.right away意为“立刻，马上”，多用于一般将来时，在句中作状语。其同义短语还有：at once, in a minute/moment，right now。My friend will come back in a minute/moment.我朋友就要回来了。Lets begin right away/at once.咱们马上开始吧！辨析:just, just now和right now, right away这四个词均修饰动词，表示动作发生的时间，它们分别用于不同的时态。(1)just表示“刚刚”，常用于现在完成时态，常位于助动词与实义动词之间。如：Mr Green has just left for Paris.格林先生刚刚到巴黎去了。just now表示“刚才”，表示过去的时间，用于一般过去时态中。如：What did he say just now? 他刚才说什么来着？(3)right now有两个意思。一种为“立刻，马上”相当于right away，常用于一般将来时态中；另外一种为“此刻；目前”，相当于at the moment，常用于现在进行时态或一般现在时态。如：Ill clean the room right now.我马上打扫房间。Im mending my bike right now.此刻在正在修理自行车。right away表示“立刻，马上”，既可以用将来时，也可用过去时。如：The thief ran out of the building right away.那个小偷立刻从楼里跑出来。3.Ok,Ill do them in a minute.好的，我一会儿就做。in a minute一会儿。类似的表达还有： soon, in a few minutes, in a few seconds等，多用于将来时态，表示即将去做某事。I will clean the room in a minute.我一会儿就去打扫房间。辨析：in与afterIn表示“在以后”，是以现在的时间为起点，在一段时间以后，通常用于将来时态如：Our teachers will go to Mount Huang for a trip in a week.我们教师一个星期后将去黄山旅游。I am going to work in Beijing in a month,一个月后我打算去北京工作。after表示“在以后”，是以过去的时间为起点，在一段时间以后，常用于过去时态。如：They left the village after a week.一周以后他们离开了那个村庄。He was back after three days。三天以后他回来了。特别提示：(1)表示在具体某一时刻即几点钟以后时，用after，而不用in。Well have a meeting after two oclock.我们两点钟以后要召开一个会议。(2)表示在某个未来的具体日期之后用after，而不用in。Hell arrive after Tuesday.他将在星期二以后到达。4.They look terrible.它们看上去太难看了。look terrible 意为“看上去很糟糕”，look 在这里是连系动词，意为“看上去，看来”，其后通常跟形容词，名词等作表语。eg: The man looks strong.5. Your father is at a meeting and Im going shopping 你父亲在开会而我要去买东西。(1)at a meeting 在开会. be at a meeting相当于be having/holding a meeting. 类似的短语还有：be at school在上学， be at work在工作。(2)go shopping去购物。“go + v.-ing”是一种固定表达式，一般表示从事某种娱乐，消遣活动。比如：go swimming 去游泳 go fishing去钓鱼 go hiking 去远足 6. If you finish these tasks, we can go to a movie tonight.如果你完成了这些任务，我们今天晚上就可以去看电影。movie为美国用语，film为英国用语。 中文 美式英语 英式英语电影 movie film假日 vocation holiday颜色 color colour秋天 fall autumn中心 center centre7. ., could you help me with my homework? ,你能帮我做作业吗？(1)Could you do.? 或Could you please do.?意为“你做某事好吗？”或“请你做某事好吗？”，相当于“Would you please do.?”句型。此句中的could并不表示过去时，而是表达一种客气、委婉的语气。Could you teach me how to use the computer? 你教我怎样使用电脑好吗？Could you please open the door? 请把门敞开好吗？(2) help sb.(to)do sth=help sb.with sth.“帮助某人做某事”，不定式to可以保留也可以省略。Jim often helps me with my English.=Jim often helps me (to)learn English。吉姆经常帮我学英语。8.Your barber gave you a terrible haircut.你的理发师给你理了一个难看的发型。haircut是一个合成词，意为“理发”(1)give sb a haircut=cut ones hair 理发(2)have ones hair cut意为“去理发”，主语为“被理发的人”。cut为过去分词。“have sth+ 过去分词”结构常表示自己不能独立完成的事，而要求别人代劳。eg：I will go to the barbers to have my hair cut.我要去理发店理发。9. The pen you bought didnt work.(1)you bought 是一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词pen，并省略了关系代词that，为“你买的钢笔”。The book Tom lent me is very interesting汤姆借给我的那本书非常有趣。(2)sth doesnt /didnt work 某物出故障了/坏了。相当于There is something wrong with sth; sth is broken. Toms bike is broken=Toms bike doesnt work=Theres something wrongwith Toms bike.汤姆的自行车坏了。10.clothing store服装店 clothing n.服装，衣服辨析：clothes, clothing与cloth（1）clothes“衣服”，统指身上的各种衣服，包括内衣、外衣、上衣、裤子等；clothes是复数名词，没有单数形式，它不能与基数词连用，如可以说many clothes许多衣服，these clothes这些衣服，my clothes我的衣服，a few clothes几件衣服，a suit of clothes一套衣服，但不能说three clothes（三件衣服）。(2)clothing“衣服”，是服装的总称，含义比clothes广，除指衣服外，还可指鞋袜、帽子、被褥等，没有复数形式。如“一件衣服”可以说a piece of clothing，two pieces of clothing两件衣服；但不能说a suit of clothing。（）cloth不是clothes的单数形式。cloth是不可数名词， 意为“布，布料”；作有特殊用途的布讲时，是可数名词。a table cloth一块桌布Please use a wet cloth to clean the table.请用一块湿布擦桌子11. ordered a hamburger with French fries, but only got a hamburger订了一个带炸薯条的汉堡包，却只得到了一个汉堡包。(1)order在这里是动词，意思是“预定，订购”。eg：Order a pizza today!今天就订一个比萨饼吧！拓展：order v.命eg: The doctor ordered me to stay in bed.医生命令我待在床上。order n.命令，订单，顺序，次序eg: Soldier must obey the orders战士必须服从命令。in order to 为了eg: He got up earlier in order to catch the bus他起床起得更早就是为了赶上公交车。（提醒学生注意本单元sectionA.1b和2a的两个句子）Listen and number the requests above in the order you hear them.Listen and number the picture in the order you hear them.(让学生讲此处的order又是什么意思),此处译作“按顺序”.(2)with和它后面的名词构成介词短语，通常放在名词的后面，用来作定语，表示“具有，带上”等意思。China is a great country with a long history.中国是一个有着悠久历史的伟大的国家。12. This shirt is too big. Would you mind giving me a smaller one?这件衬衫太大了。你介意给我那件小一点的吗？辨析：very，too，so，quite与rather以上几个副词都可以修饰形容词、副词、表示程度，意为“很”“大”“相当”“非常”等。(1)very应用最普遍，表示“非常，很”。修饰形容词或副词，放在所修饰的词之前。Tom is very careful.汤姆很认真。（very修饰形容词）Li Qiang got to school very early.李强到校很早。（very修饰副词）(2)too“大”，放在形容词或副词的前面。It is too hard for me to answer the question.对我而言，回答那个问题太难了。(3)so如此，那么，往往表明某一事物会引起某种后果。换言之，so所修饰的词表示原因，后面会有表示结果的句子。The man was so angry that he couldnt say a word.那个人气得说不出话来。（那个人太生气了，以至于说不出话来.）(4)quite，rather相当，十分。这两个词意义相同，但所修饰的词位置不一样。试比较：quite a nice book=rather a nice book=a rather nice book=a very nice book一本相当不错的书(5)quite和very作副词时，有时可以通用，都意为“很，非常”,但在语义上还是有些区别。quite侧重于表达主观的看法和态度，而very通常侧重于对事实的客观描述。 注意：这四个词修饰的形容词或副词必须用原级。13.I cant stand it.我不能忍受它！ stand意为“容忍，忍受”。相当于bear。cant stand sth无法忍受某事 cant stand doing sth无法忍受做某事cant stand sb doing sth无法忍受某人做某事eg:I cant stand his brother.他弟弟让我受不了。I cant stand staying here any longer.我不能忍受继续待在这里了。14.I get annoyed when someone talks to me while Im reading.当我正在读书时，有人同我搭话我会很恼火。(1)get 为系动词，“变得，变成”，相当于become，表示主语的性质，状态等发生变化,接形容词，构成系表结构。若主语为“某物”，系动词可用get, become或turn. eg: Its getting warmer and warmer天越来越热。若以人作主语。eg: His father got angry when he heard the news.他爸爸听到这个消息很生气。(2)annoy vt.使人恼火；annoyed. adj,恼火的（通常表示人的状态） annoying. a 人恼火的（通常修饰表示事物的名词）。eg: Please forget that annoying thing.把那件烦人的事忘了吧。 be annoyed that, be annoyed to do , get/be annoyed with sb, get/be annoyed at/about sth=be angry with, be mad ateg: Tom got/was annoyed with his brother。汤姆对他弟弟感到很愤怒。 I was annoyed at/about what he said.他说的话让我很恼火。15. I get annoyed when my classmates borrow my eraser and dont return it. return 的用法：(1)return此句中为“归还”之意，等于give back. eg: I will return the book to the library. I will give the book back to the library.我要把这本书还到图书馆去。（2）return还有“返回”的意思。相当于go back, come back.eg: Mary returned to her hometown last week. =Mary went back to her hometown last week.玛丽上周回了老家。 16.Im going to be a bit late我将会稍微晚点儿。a bit一点儿，稍微。a bit 修饰形容词和副词时，相当于 a little，可以与a little 互换。修饰不可数名词时，应在a bit后加介词of,而 a little 可以直接修饰不可数名词。 eg: Please open the window. Its a bit/little hot.请打开窗子，天有点热。 There is a bit of/a little water in the bottle.瓶子里有点儿水。17. Sorry, I ordered my food half an hour ago and it hasnt arrived yet.对不起，我半小时前订了食物，可现在还没有送来。yet的用法：(1)yet用于现在完成时态的一般疑问句中，通常放在句末，用来询问说话人期望发生的事情是否已经发生，译为“已经”。Have you finished your homework yet? 你的作业已完成了吗？(2)yet用于现在完成时态的否定句，位于句末，表示说话人期望发生的事情尚未发生，译为“还，尚”。They havent watered the flower yet.他们还没有浇那些花。(3)yet用作并列连词，意思是“然而，可是”。You said you could finish drawing a picture in five minutes, yet you keptme waiting for a week.你说你能在五分钟内画完那幅画，然而你让我等了一个星期。18.Welcome to our neighborhood.欢迎来到我们的社区。welcome的用法：(1)v.欢迎Welcome to our school! 欢迎来到我们学校。(2)adj.受欢迎的Jack is a welcome boy.杰克是一个受欢迎的男孩。(3)“Youre welcome.”用来回答“Thank you。”表示“不用谢，不客气”。-Thank you very much。非常感谢-Youre welcome.别客气.(4)n. 欢迎，款待We gave the foreign friends a warm welcome.我们给予外国朋友们以热烈的欢迎。 19.If you spend some time in an English-speaking country, you might hear the term“etiquette”.如果你在一个讲英语的国家待上一段时间，你可能就会听到“礼节”这个术语。(1)spend vt.花费，度过（时间）eg：I spend two weeks at the country.我在乡下待了两周。辨析：spend, pay, take, cost用法的区别。spend, take 多指“花时间”，spend，pay，cost 多指“花钱”take 常指花费时间，常以it作形式主语。其真正的主语在后面。eg：It took about one hour to fly to Shanghai.spend表示花费时，宾语通常是时间，金钱等，句子的主语必须是人。spend.on sth, spend.(in)doing sth.eg：She spent a lot of money on books/ in reading. 她花了很多的钱在买书上/在阅读上。pay指花费金钱，句子的主语是人。eg：I paid 5000 yuan for the computer.cost表示花费时间，也可以指花费金钱，句子的主语通常是物或事。eg：The pen cost me ten yuan. The job cost a lot of time.(2)some time:一段时间，一些时间，期中time为不可数名词。eg：Dont hurry, we still have some time.不用着急，我们还有些时间。some time表示“一段时间”，常用于完成时，过去时和将来时。sometime “某个时候”，指某一个不明确的时间，常用于将来时态和过去时态sometimes“有时，间或”，用于一般现在时态。some times表示“几次，几倍”。20. Perhaps we think that talking loudly in our own homes is fine, but there are other places where talking loudly is not allowed. 可能我们认为在自己家里大声说话是没关系的，但还有其它不允许我们大声说话的地方。（1）该句是由并列词but连接的并列句，前一句为一个含有宾语从句的复合句，后一句为含有定状语从句的复合句，where talking loudly is not allowed是定语从句，修饰前面的名词places。I want to go to the city where we met each other the first time again.我想再去一次我们初次见面的那个城市。（2）is not allowed意为“不被允许”，是被动语态的结构形式。（3）allow v.允许，准许，常用于以下结构：allow doing sth允许做某事allow sb to do sth.允许某人做某事，被动语态即： be allowed to do sth.eg: We do not allow eating in the classrooms. 我们不允许在教室里吃东西。 Her parents wont allow her to stay out late. 她的父母不会允许她在外面待得太晚。21.Even if you are with your friends, it is better to keep your voice down inpublic places.即使你和你的朋友们在一起，在公共场合最好也要低声说话。(1)even if意为“即使”，用来引导让步状语从句。Even if you work till midnight, you wont finish it.即使你一直工作到半夜，你也完不成。(2)It is better to do sth.相当于had better do sth.意为“最好做某事”。上句也可表达为：Youd better keep your voice down in public places.(3)keep在该句中号意为“使保持某种（状态、位置或动作等）”。该用法要在keep的宾语后接补足语，构成复合宾语。其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词和过去分词等充当。We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.(形容词作宾语补足语)我们应保持教室整洁干净。Youd better keep the child away from the fire.(副词作宾语补足语)你最好让孩子离火远一点。The bad weather keeps us inside the house.（介词短语作宾语补足语）坏天气使我们不能出门。Dont keep me waiting for long. (现在分词作宾语补足语)别让我等太久。The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.(过去分词作宾语补足语)班上其他同学都闭着眼睛。22.In fact，we should also take care not to cough or sneeze loudly in public. 事实上，我们也应该注意不要当众大声咳嗽或打喷嚏。take care to do sth “当心做某事”,其否定式为take care not to do sth.当心不要做某事”。eg：You should take care to finish your homework. =You should finish your homework carefully.你应当认真完成你的作业。take care 当心，小心，可单独使用。相当于be careful, look out.eg: Take care! The bus is coming.take care of 照看，照顾，相当于look after.23. Perhaps one of the most polite ways is to ask someone,.或许最有礼貌的方式之一是要求某人，(1)perhaps adv.“或许，大概，可能”，表示对某一事物的观点、看法有待商议,对其可能性做出判断。同义词有maybe及probably。Perhaps I can help you.或许我能帮助你。Maybe Mr Zhao isnt at home.可能赵先生不在家。(2)“one of+复数名词”表示“中的一个”。Dick is one of my good friends.迪克是我的一个好朋友。注意：one of后的名词要用复数形式；one of短语作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。One of my friends knows you.我的一个朋友认识你。24.If you see someone you know doing this,如果你看到你认识的人这样做，see“看见”，为感官动词，类似的感官动词有：feel，hear, watch, notice等，此类词组后的动词不定式通常省略to.（表被动时要带to）。eg: I saw the boy run into the classroom.我看见那个男孩跑进了教室。辨析：see/hear sb doing sth与see/hear sb do sthsee/hear sb doing sth “看/听见某人正在做某事”.I saw the children playing football when I passed by. 当我路过的时候，看见孩子们正在踢足球。see/hear sb do sth“看/听见某人做某事”。指看见某人经常做或已经结束的动作。I saw the children play football yesterday. 昨天我看见孩子们踢足球了。（已经结束的动作）I saw a man walk out of the lift and walking to the bus stop.我看见一个人走出了电梯，正走向站台。25.For example, dropping litter is almost never allowed假如，乱扔垃圾几乎是不允许的。drop的用法如下：(1)drop. v. (使) 落下，降低，减少，放弃。The apple dropped from the tree.苹果从树上落下来了。The number of people out of work has dropped to 2 million.下岗工人的数量已经下降到2,000,000了。I want to drop math. Its too hard. 我想要放弃数学，它太难学了。(2)drop.滴，珠，(数量的)减少，下降。Big drops of rain rolled down the window.拓展：drop out辍学 drop behind落后，掉队26.Would you mind picking it up？你能把它捡起来吗？pick up 拾起，捡起。pick up 其常见的其他用法如下：a ，（用车）接，搭载eg：My husband will come here to pick me up. 我丈夫会开车来这接我。b, (偶然，无意间)学会，得/想到eg：She soon picked up English when she went to live in England. 她到英国居住后就学会了英语。c , 好转，逐渐恢复eg：Her health soon picked up after a few days rest. 她休息了几天，身体很快复元了。d ，抓住，逮住eg：The police picked up the thief at last. 警察终于抓住了那个贼。e ，收拾，整理eg：Please pick up your slippers. 请把你的拖鞋收拾好。27.Even if you are with your friends, it is better to keep your voice down in public places.即便你是和你的朋友在一起，在公共场合中也最好尽量低声说话。(1)even if即便、纵然，同义词组为even though，引导让步状语从句。Even if the task is hard, we will try to do it. 即便这项任务艰难，我们也会努力我去做。Ill help you, even if I dont sleep for a night. 即便我一夜不睡，也要帮助你。(2)public的用法如下：public adj.公众的，公共的。如：a public telephone 公用电话 a public beach公共沙滩public n.公众，民众，in public公开地、当众，相当于in public places.如：Her husband was always nice to her in public.她丈夫在公共场合总是对她很好。The public is/are not allowed to enter the court room.一般民众不准进入审判室。单元语法归纳Would you mind你介意吗？/请你好不好？mind后面常接动词ing形式，即动名词前可加形容词性为主代词或宾格，也可接if引导的从句。? 其否定形式为Would you mind not doing?请你不要好吗？如：Would you mind my sitting here? 你介意我坐这儿吗？=Would you mind if I sit here?Would you mind not being late? 请你不要迟到好吗？回答此类问题时，常见的回答有：不介意 Not at all.一点也不介意。 Certainly not（Of course not）.当然不介意。 Go ahead, please.（不介意），请行动。介意 Im sorry, but I do。对不起，我介意。 Yes. You had better not。是的，你最好别 Im afraid not.我怕不行。II. Grammar: 形容词可以用在下面几种句型中,用来提供人或物的有关信息.1.It is +形容词+that从句(it 通常被称为形式主语,而that从句才是真正的主语,从句通常都被放置在句子末尾.能用于该句型中的形容词:clear;possible;wrong;sad;nexessary; important;certain;true;surprising等)如:It is necessary that children have enough sleep.2.主语+be +形容词+动词不定式:(在该句型中句子的主语同时又是动词不定式的宾语,动词不定式使用主动语态结构.能用于该句型的形容词有: difficult; hard; easy; good; safe; nice等.)The question is difficult to answer.如果该句型中的动词不定式属于不及物动词,则必须在动词不定式的动词后加上适当的介词.Mary is hard to get along with. Armchairs are comfortable to sit in3.It is +adj. + 动词不定式该句型结构中,it为形式主语,真正主语为其后的动词不定式.It is wise to take a map and a mobile phone.It is meaningful to raise money to help people in need.该句型中也适合于动词take的句型.It takes about 48 hours to finish walking the 100-kilometre trail.4.It is +adj. +for +sb. +动词不定式:一般情况下,用作主语的动词不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可以在特定的上下文或情景中看出.但在该结构中,动词不定式结构的逻辑主语就是for后面的人或物,for sb. to do sth.通常被称为不定式复合结构.另外如果形容词能反映出逻辑主语的特征那就用of sb.形式.It is important for us to learn English well.It is kind of him to help me with my English.Unit 8Useful Expression1. Why not you do sth.为什么不做 =Why dont you do sth.2.how /what about doing sth.做某事怎么样 3. creative/special enough足够有创意、特别4. on his sixth birthday在他六岁生日上5. make a meal /dinner做饭6. a 6-year-old child 一个六岁的孩子7. too + adj. /adv. for sb. to do sth.太而不能常与下面的句型替换be (not)/v.+ adj./adv. enough for sb. to do sth. 某人来说做某事（不）够怎样so + adj./adv. that + 如此以至于1. these days 最近 2. have enough time to do sth.有足够的时间做某事 3.fall asleep 入睡4. give away 捐赠 5. someone else 别人 6. rather than而不是e.g She enjoys singing rather than dancing.7.instead 常放句首或句末 不译e.g. She didnt play basketball, she went swimming instead.instead of +n. /pron./ doing 而不是，相反 e.g. Will you go instead of me?He was working instead of having a rest?8.四个花费take/ spend /cost /pay for17.in different ways用不同的方式18.across/all over China 全国19.all age groups 不同的年龄20.encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事21.make progress 取得进步22.take (an) interest in sth./doing= be interested in /doing 对(做)某事感兴趣23.make friends with 和某人交朋友24. What should I get my mom for her birthday?25.Whats the best gift Joe has ever received?1.too personal 太个性化 2.not special enough 不够特别3.not creative enough 创意不够 4.not interesting enough 不够有趣5.buy a scarf for me 给我买了条围巾 6.What a lucky guy! 多幸运的小家伙啊7.on my tenth birthday 在我十岁生日时8.make a special meal 做一顿特别的饭9.not friendly enough 不够友好 10.Its easy to take care of 容易照料11.an 80-year-old grandmother 一个八十岁的老奶奶 12.need a lot of