2018仁爱版英语八年级上册第一单元知识点归纳.docx

U1T1SA1 Be going to do sth 将要做某事。What are you going to do? 你将要做什么？Im going to play basketball this afternoon 今天下午我要去打篮球。 Are you going to.?你要不要.呢？2 join 加入，参加 （后加俱乐部club, us ,等。）Are you going to join us? 你要加入我们吗？3 What are you going to do？ 你将要做什么呢？Im going to go swimming /skiing ./skating ./rowing ./cycling . play volleyball./table tennis.play + 球类运动 go+ v-ing(-ing结尾的运动名词4 Which sport do you like better, or ?I like better.Which sport do you prefer, or ?你更喜欢哪一种运动，还是?I prefer 我更喜欢(like better = prefer 更喜欢)Prefer doing sth 更喜欢做某事。 I prefer swimming. 我更喜欢游泳。Prefer A to B 与B比起来，更喜欢A.I prefer apple to orange. 与橙子比起来，我更喜欢苹果。Prefer doing A to doing B. 与做事件B比起来，更喜欢做事件A。I prefer playing basketball to playing soccer. 与踢足球比起来，我更喜欢打篮球。5 Do you often ? 你经常.吗？Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 是的，经常。/不经常。Do you much? 你经常.吗？Yes, quite a bit/a lot. 是的，经常。/No, seldom. 不，很少。6 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事(强调看见动作的全过程，现在动作已结束)。I saw you swim this morning. 今天早上我看到你游泳啦。see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事，（强调动作正在进行）。I saw you swimming this morning. at 8 a.m.今天早上我看到你正在游泳。7 Against 对抗，和.比赛Cheer sb on 为某人加油，使某人振作起来I cheer you on. 我为你加油。9 Would you like to.? 你要不要.呢？（表示有礼貌的邀请）其答语为：Yes , Id love/like to. 好，我想去。sure./ Certainly. 当然要Thats a good idea. 好主意Sorry , but I am busy now. 抱歉，但我现在忙。Thank you, but I have to. 谢谢，但我不得不.例如： Would you like to dance with me? 你要不要和我一起跳舞呢？Yes, Id love/live to. 好啊！Sorry, but I am busy now. 抱歉，但现在我很忙。 10 win “赢，赢得(比赛,奖品等)”， 现在分词winning; 过去式won; 获胜者winner; 反义词lose，输(比赛)，失利。 e.g. In the end, we won their support. 最后我们赢得了他们的支持。 We lost the game. 我们输了那场比赛。U1T1SB1 Whats your favorite sport ? 你最喜爱的运动是什么？My favorite sport is 我最喜爱的运动是 2 Whos your favorite player ? 谁是你最喜爱的运动员？My favorite player is 我最喜爱的运动员是?3 Me, too. 我也是常用于自己的做法或想法与别人的一致时。e.g. I like drinking milk in the morning. 我喜欢早晨喝牛奶。Me, too. 我也是。4 like.better. 更喜欢 (两样东西中更喜欢其中一样）likebest 最喜欢.（三样或三样以上东西中最喜欢其中一样）I like Yaoming better. I like Yaoming best.5 dream n. 梦，梦想e.g. I believe my dream will come true. 我相信我的梦想会实现。dream v. 做梦，dream of/about 梦见。e.g. Last night I dreamt of flying in the sky. 昨天夜里我梦见自己在天空中飞翔。6 What are you going to be when you grow up ? 当你长大后想做什么呢？grow up 长大成人Im going to be a/an Thats my dream. 我想成为那是我的梦想。7 play for 效力于. Play against 同.比赛。 Play with 与玩耍U1T1SC1 She goes cycling twice a week and often goes mountain climbing on Sundays.她通常一周骑车两次，在周日时经常去爬山。twice a week 意为“每周两次”，a week相当于every week，类似短语如：twice a year一年两次，“一次”once，“两次”twice，“三次或三次以上”用数字+times。e.g. three times 三次，four times四次I play basketball three times a week. 我每周打三次篮球。 2 go mountain climbing 去爬山。 go+v.-ing形式的短语很多，在这类短语中，v.-ing表示go的目的,意为“去做某 事”。 e.g. go shopping 去购物； go skating 去滑冰； go skiing 去滑雪； go fishing 去钓鱼 3 spend+时间+ on sth (in) doing sth. 花费多少时间做某事（主语为人） e.g. I spent 1 hour on basketball. I spent 1 hour (in) playing basketball. 我花了一个小时打篮球 也可以用It takes sb. +时间段+ to do sth. 表示花费某人多少时间做某事（主语为形式主语it) e.g. It takes me 1 hour to play basketball. 它花费了我一个小时去打篮球。另外 spend + 钱 + on sth 话费多少钱买某物。I spent 1 yuan on the pen我花了一块钱买那支 笔。 4 exercise. 1 (作为不可数名词)意为“锻炼，运动”。 e.g. Exercise makes us strong. 运动使我们强壮。 c.作为动词，意为“锻炼，训练”。 e.g. She exercises every morning. 她每天早上锻炼。 2 (作为可数名词)意为“体操，练习，功课”。 e.g. I do morning exercises every day. 我每天做早操。5 She is also good at jumping. 她也擅长于跳跃。 be good at =do well in. 擅长，后面可接名词或动名词。e.g. I am good at English. = I do well in English. 我擅长英语。另外：be good at be good to be good for 擅长于 对友好 对.有益 6 There be .(某地有某物）句型用在将来时中，其结构为： There is/are going to be .= There will be 某地/某时 将有 （be必须为be,不能改成have,become等） e.g. There is going to be a football match on TV this evening. 今天晚上电视上将有一场足球赛。7 参加/加入take part in+活动 join + club/某组织/us/team8 Be sure +that从句 Be sure to do sth 确信做某事I am sure that it is my dog. 我确信它就是我的狗。I am sure to play basketball this afternoon. 我确信下午要打篮球8 be good for对 有益、有好处。Water is good for you.水对你有好处。反义短语：be bad for对有害 Smoking is bad for you.吸烟对你有害。9 Make/keep sb/sth +adj(形容词）使/保持 某人/物 Swimming makes/keeps me strong.游泳使我强壮。/游泳让我保持强壮。10 relax v. 放松，轻松; relaxed 放松的，轻松的。11 athe good way to 是的好方法（way 后一般接to）12 popular意为 “受大众欢迎的，流行的”。 all over the world 意为 “全世界”13 keep fit 与keep healthy为同义词组，意为“保持强健，保持健康”。U1T1SD 1 arrive in/at+ 某地 到达某地。 arrive in+大地点 arrive in Beijing. 到达北京 at+小地点 arrive at my school. 到达我的学校。e.g. Tom arrived in Beijing yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午汤姆到达了北京。 When it was getting dark, we arrived at a village. 天黑的时候，我们到达了一个村庄。 表示到达某地还可以用 get to+某地，或 reach + 某地 来表示。 注意：get和arrive是不及物动词，后面须加介词，再跟地点。而reach是及物动词，其后可直接加地点。 get to 到达。e.g.We got to school at six oclock. 我们在六点钟到达学校。 reach 到达，抵达。e.g. Mother is going to be glad to see us when we reach Beijing. 看到我们到北京，妈妈会很高兴的。 注意：get和arrive是不及物动词，后面须加介词，再跟地点。而reach是及物动词，其后可直接加地点。 2 play against 同比赛 e.g. Would you like to play against us? 你们想要同我们比赛吗？3 The fans are excited.粉丝们很激动。 excited adj. 激动的，兴奋的，用来修饰人。 e.g. We are excited to hear the good news. 听到这个好消息我们很兴奋。 exciting adj. 令人激动的，兴奋的，用来修饰事物。 e.g. It is an exciting story. 这是个令人兴奋的故事。同类用法的词很多。e.g. interested有趣的，tired疲劳的，bored厌烦的，用来修饰人；而interesting让人感到有趣的，tiring使人疲倦的，boring使人烦的，用来修饰事物。另外，这类形容词可作定语修饰名词。 e.g. an interesting book一本有趣的书 -ed结尾的形容词修饰人，-ing结尾的形容词修饰物 4 Its too bad that . 很遗憾。 这是一个含主语从句的复合句，其中that they aren t going to stay for long是主语从句。 e.g. Its too bad that I cant go there. 很遗憾我不能去那里。 b. for与表示“一段时间”的词或短语连用。 e.g. stay for two weeks 逗留两个星期；wait for one hour 等待一个小时。4 leave for 动身前往 leave A for B 离开A地前往B地。 e.g. leave for Fujian. 前往福建； leave Fujian for Beijing. 离开福建去北京。5 They are leaving for Japan. 他们将去日本 是现在进行时表将来的句子，在英语中有一些表示位置转移的词，如 go, come, leave, fly ，start.等词可用现在进行时表示将来。 e.g. Spring is coming. 春天就要来了。 I am going to play basketball. 我将要去打篮球啦。 可以通过这个语境记住这几个词：一只小鸟开始（start)在我头上飞（fly)来（come)飞去（go),之后就离开（leave)了。U1T2SA1 mind v.意为“介意，反对”，通常用于否定句、疑问句, 其后加v.-ing形式。e.g. I don t mind the heat. 我不在乎炎热。He doesn t mind being poor. 他不以贫困为苦。2 Would/Do you mind + doing sth. 你介意吗？答语：1 not at all . 一点也不(介意）。 2 Of course not. 当然不介意啦。 3 Certainly not. 同上。例如标题： Would you mind teaching me English? 答语：Not at all. Would you mind helping me? 你介意帮我吗?3 Would/Do you mind not+ doing sth. 你介意不要吗？这种句型可用来表示抱怨。 例如：Would/Do you mind not swimming here? 你介意不要在这游泳吗？答语： I am sorry about that. I wont do that again. 对此我很抱歉，我不会再那样做啦。Would you mind not talking here? 请你不要在这儿聊天好吗？4 somewhere是不定副词，形容词修饰不定副词、不定代词时,常放在其后（右）。e.g. Can we go somewhere cool? 我们能去个凉快的地方吗？I want something delicious. 我想要一些可口的东西。(不定副词：somewhere 某地 anywhere 任何地方 Everywhere 每个地方)不定代词：someone/somebody 某人， anyone/anybody 任何人，none 没有，无 nobody 没人 everyone/everybody 每个人 something 某事， anything 任何事情，everything 每件事情/所有事情nothing 没事，没什么。）5 right away.= at once 立刻，马上。6 throwaround 把扔得到处都是。5 Could you ?你能吗?表示委婉的请求，后接动词原形。（情态动词开头的句子，一般表示有礼貌请求或建议例如：Will you ? 你能吗？ Could you help me? 你能帮我一下吗？ e.g. Could you open the door for me? 请你为我打开门好吗?6 a.one of. 意为“中的一个”，后接可数名词的复数。“one+of+.”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。e.g. One of the girls is my sister. 其中一个女孩是我妹妹。one of+the+最高级+可数名词的复数，则表示“最的之一”e.g. Wang Hao is one of the most popular table tennis players in China. 王晧是中国最受欢迎的乒乓球运动员之一。8 fall ill意为“生病”, fall的过去式为fell.同义词为 be ill.e.g. Yesterday my mother fell ill. 昨天我妈妈生病了9 Will you ? 你能吗？（表示有礼貌的请求.)10 Id be glad to. 我很乐意。be glad to do sth 乐意做某事。e.g. I am glad to help you. 我乐意帮助你。注意：I d be glad to.是Id be glad to join you.的省略，答语中to后的动词可省略，但to不能省略。11 practice作及物动词时,其后常跟名词、代词、动名词，practice doing sth. 练习做某事e.g. You should practice speaking English every morning. 你应当每天早上练习说英语。12 I will kick you the ball again. 我再次把球踢给你。这是含有双宾语的句子。kick sb. sth.=kick sth. to sb. 类似用法的动词有：pass, give, bring, take在1a中找出相似结构的句子：I kick the ball to you.= I kick you the ball. You pass me the ball like this.= You pass the ball to me like this.13 keep trying. 继续努力Keep doing sth 继续/持续做某事U1T2SB1 shout at sb 斥责某人/对某人大声叫2 fight against sb 与争论/打架。3 do ones best意为“努力,尽力”do ones best = try ones best。He didnt win the gold medal, but he did his best. 他虽然没有获得金牌，但他已尽力了。Do/try ones best to do sth. 尽力干什么事e.g. I will do my best to help you.我将尽力帮你。4 pass sth to sb = pass sb sth 把某物给某人I pass the pen to you.I pass you the pen .5 be angry with sb 生某人的气6 What/How about +doing sth? 怎么样呢？（表示建议）7 say sorry to sb 向某人道歉 Say hello/goodbye/thanks to sb 向某人问候/告别/道谢6 Im sorry for what I said. 我对我所说的感到非常抱歉be sorry for/about sth. 为感到（懊悔、自责、惭愧）, what I said是宾语从句， 作介词for的宾语。 e.g. Arent you sorry for what you did? 难道你不为自己所做的感到后悔吗？7 Right! Keep trying!没错，继续努力。 keep doing sth.坚持做某事； keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直干某事；e.g. Why do you keep laughing all the time? 你为什么总是在笑？8 have fun (doing sth) （）过得开心，玩得愉快。U1T2SC1 one of + 可数名词复数： “之一”，该短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。Eg: 我最喜欢的歌手之一是周笔畅。One my favorite singers is Zhou Bichang2 have a history of+时间段， 表示有多长的历史。e.g. China has a history of more than five thousand years. 中国有五千多年的历史。2 invent v.发明 e.g.Edison invented the electric light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。 invention n. 发明 inventor n. 发明者 e.g. Edison is a great inventor. 爱迪生是一个伟大的发明家。3 at first 起初，首先。4 so that意为1“以便”，引导目的状语从句，so和that也可以分开使用。 e.g. He gets up early so that he wont be late for school. 他很早就起床了以便上学不迟到。 She worked so hard that she could get something enough to eat. 她拼命干活为的是能够吃饱饭。 so that 还有2“因此”之意，引导结果状语从句，也可用so. that.句式，意为3“如此以至于”。 e.g. I missed many math lessons this term,so that I didnt pass the exam. 我这学期缺了许多数学课，因此我没能通过考试。 He ran so quickly that he won the race. 他跑得非常快，赢得了那场比赛。5 come into being 形成6 throw v.意为“投，扔”。 e.g. He threw the ball 20 meters away. 他把球投出20米。 而o. 表示“把投进”，其反义词组为throw.out of. 表示“把抛出”。 e.g. Tom throws himself into his job. 汤姆积极投身于工作中。 He threw the letter out of the window. 他把信扔出了窗户。7 stopfrom doing sth. 阻止做某事。、8 pass sth to sb = pass sb sth 把某物传给某人。I pass the pen to you.= I pass you the pen .9 follow the rules 遵守规则10 Its + adj.+for sb.+to do sth. 意为：对某人来说做某事很 Its happy for me to play basketball. Its excited for me to dance. Its unhappy for you to leave home. Its great for her to visit the Great Wall.11 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 e.g. He enjoys reading very much. 他非常喜欢读书6 more and more + 名词 越来越多的 more and more people 越来越多的人More and more +多音节形容词（大于或等于七个字母组成的形容词），越来越 More and more exciting. 越来越激动人心more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮；当and前后连接两个相同的形容词比较级时，意为“越来越”。 e.g. better and better 越来越好 Longer and longer 越来越长 而and前后连接两个不同的比较级时，意为“又又”。 e.g. faster and better 又快又好。U1T2SD1 such as 例如 （后面没有“，”号，for example 也是例如，后面有“，”号.）2 lots of = a lot of 很多，许多 后面可以加可数名词复数或不可数名词3 with hundreds of years history 拥有几百年的历史。注意，介词用 with4 o 把.变成.I turn ice into water.我把水变成了冰。