泛读教程2Unit4work

Unit4 WhyPeopleWork Warm upQuestions 1 Whatjobdoyouwanttodoaftergraduation 2 Howdoyoudefine agoodjob Whatarethethingsyouwillconsiderinchoosingacareer 3 Whydoweneedtowork IsMONEYtheNUMBERONEreasonforworking What syouropinion 文库专用 4 Theauthor sopiniononworkGooverthefirstfiveparagraphsofthetextandfindthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph 文库专用 5 Jobsandworkdomuchmorethanmostofusrealizetoprovidehappinessandcontentment B Workismorethananecessityformosthumanbeings itisthefocusoftheirlives thesourceoftheiridentityandcreativity 文库专用 6 C Ratherthanapunishmentoraburden workistheopportunitytorealizeone spotential D Forlargenumbersofpeople theabsenceofworkisharmfultotheirhealth E Whyshouldworkbesuchasignificantsourceofhumansatisfaction Jobsandworkdomuchmorethanmostofusrealizetoprovidehappinessandcontentment Andworkismorethananecessityformosthumanbeings itisthefocusoftheirlives thesourceoftheiridentityandcreativity Nowlet sseehowsomeepalsviewthisissue Nomoney nohoney Butifyouonlyworkformoney itwouldbequiteboring FormeworkissomethingImustdotogetacceptedbythesociety Iamalwaysawardedbyaccomplishmentwhichreallyworththeeffort Ithinkthemostimportantthingisthatdoyouliveforworkorworkforlife Ithinkeveryoneshouldworkforhimselforforanyoneheloves Thehumanmustgivesthebestthathehastohelphisfamilyorhisfriendandmakehimhappy Yeah liveinthissocietyisverytiredandhard Sometimes Idon twanttoworkandfindasecludedplacestoliveuntildie Butthat sunrealistic wehaveparentsandtheyneedustolookafterintheiroldage Solifemustcontinueandworkneedcontinuetoo Ithinkonepurposeforpeopletomakemoney anotherpurposeistojointhesocietytocommunicatewithpeople Sometimesmoneydecidesthekindofjob Ifweworknotformoneywecandomanythingswewanttodo Butformoneywehavetodothejobwedon tlike SooneofmydreamistodowhatIwanttodosomeday Surelyworkgivesusotherthingsaswellasmoney letususeourspecialabilities skillsandknowledgeandmakesusfeelthatwe redoingsomethinguseful allowsustomeetalotofpeopleandprovidesopportunitiestomakefriends letsusexperiencenewthingsandletsusbecreative allowsustoberesponsibleandcontributetothecommunity Idonotlikework nomandoes butIlikewhatisinthework thechancetofindyourself ConradJoseph Britishnovelist 我不喜欢工作 没有人会喜欢工作 但是我喜欢在所从事的工作中 找到发现自己的机会 英国小说家约瑟夫 C Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike youhavegottolikewhatyoudo WinstonChurchill Britishprimeminister 不能爱哪行才干哪行 要干哪行爱哪行 英国首相丘吉尔 W ToyouthIhavethreewordsofcounsel work workandwork OttoBtismarck Gremanstatesman 对于青年 我的忠告只有三个词 工作 工作 工作 德国政治家俾斯麦 O Myphilosophyoflifeiswork 我的人生哲学就是工作 美国发明家爱迪生 T A Myphilosophyoflifeiswork ThomasAlvaEdison American 我的人生哲学就是工作 美国发明家T A 爱迪生 Hethatwillnotworkshallnoteat 不工作者不得食 ProverbsandQuotations FiveneedsbyAbrahamMaslow AbrahamMaslow AbrahamMaslow anAmerican believedthathuman canbeunderstoodasaresultofahierarchyofneeds themostbasicphysiologicalneeds safetyneeds needs esteemneedsandself actualizationneeds Whenthelower levelneedsaremet themotivationtomeetthe needsbecomesactive Furthermore asan progressupward itbecomesmoredifficulttosuccessfully theneedsofeachhigherlevel ForthisreasonMaslowbelievedthatveryfewpeopleactuallyreachthelevelofself actualization anditisa processforthefewwhodo psychologist motivation belonging higher level individual fulfill lifelong Unit5isanargumentationtext Itisastudyoftheimpactofworkonpeople spsychologicalwell being Theauthorarguesthatworkprovidesnotonlythematerialthingsoflifebutalsotheprideandsatisfactionthataresoimportanttopeople spsychologicalbalanceandhealth IntroductoryRemarks SkimmingandScanning Directions Youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions Forquestions1 8 choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA B C andD seethetextbookonpage9ComprehensionoftheText Forquestions9 11 completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage 9 Thesenseofbelongingtoanaccomplishedworkgroupis ofwork 10 Theworkgroupalsogentlypressuresitsmemberstolearn sothatthe roughedges areworkedoff 11 Workingforacompanythatisthoughtofasbeingoneofthebestinthecommunitycan 1 b2 a3 d4 c5 a6 b7 c8 d 9 Thesenseofbelongingtoanaccomplishedworkgroupis ofwork 10 Theworkgroupalsogentlypressuresitsmemberstolearn sothatthe roughedges areworkedoff 11 Workingforacompanythatisthoughtofasbeingoneofthebestinthecommunitycan oneofthedistinctivesatisfactionsoftheworld howtoadjusttoanother provideemployeeswithbothstatusandself confidence 1 contentmentn 满足 高兴 discontentmentn 不满 不平contenta 满足的 满意的v 使满意e g becontenttodosth 愿意做某事becontentwith 对 满足contentsb 使某人满意 I WordStudyandWordBuilding associatev 联想 把 和 联系起来associatewith与 联系beassociateedwith historicala 历史的 基于史实的historicaldata史料historicaldevelopment历史发展historica 有历史意义的 历史上著名的historicsite古迹 历史遗迹 历史地段historiccity历史名城historiann 历史学家 sinn 罪恶v 犯罪sincrimeguiltsin指违反道德原则或宗教戒律的罪crime指严重的违反行为或不法活动guilt指有证据证实犯罪 有罪 plaintn 抱怨 e g Tplain tosb about plain that clause 4 contributionn 贡献 捐献 捐献物 contributeto 有助于 促成e g Theclosecoordinationbetweenthetwopartners 对公司的成功有很大的帮助 contributesgreatlytothesuccessofthecompany 5 necessityn 必需品 必要性 e g Thenecessitiesoflifeincludefood shelterandclothing Thereisthenecessitythatwe should setoffbefore5o clock 表语从句和同位语从句 necessarya necessarilyadv 必然地 一定necissitatevt 使被需要 focusn 焦点v 聚焦focuson集中infocus焦点对准 清晰outoffocus焦点没对准 模糊bring intofocus把焦点对准comeintofocus进入焦点 显著 renewrenewablea renewaln exertv 尽力exertallone sstrengthexerteveryeffortexertpressureonsb 对某人施加压力 8 unemploymentn 失业 e g Closureofthefactorywillmeanunemploymentfor1200workers employv employern employeen employmentn 就业 工作 职业 significanta 重要的sinificancen 重要性beofgreatsignificancebeofnosignificance无关紧要 10 accomplisheda 有才艺的 有造诣的 accomplishv 完成 达到 实现accomplishmentn e g Itishighpraisetobespokenofasapersonofaccomplishments attributev 把 归因于attributablea 可归因于beattributabletoHissuccessisattributabletohisdiligence 他的成功归功于勤奋 capacityn 能力 容量capacity skill talent capabilitycapacity指容纳和吸收方面的接受力skill指人做事的本领或具有的技能等talent指先天所赋的才智或后天所得的办事能力capability指在智力或体力方面的才能或本领 persistv 坚持persistencen persistenta persistininsiston aspecttoconsiderinallitsaspects全面地考虑 12 reflectvt 反射 反映 e g Whiteclothesarecoolerbecausetheyreflecttheheat Lookatthetreesreflectedinthedark reflecton 仔细考虑reflectionn 考题1 Asyouhaveseen thevalueofanation scurrencyisa ofitseconomy a responseb revelationc reactiond reflectionAnswer d 由此可见 一个国家货币的价值反映了这个国家的经济 responsen 回答 响应 反应 revelationn 显示 揭露 reactionn 反应 反作用 考题2 Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally oftherealitythattheyrepresent a reflectionsb demonstrationsc illuminationsd reproductionsAnswer a 很多试图反映现实的小说是它们所代表的现实的写照 demonstrationn 示范 实证 illuminationn 照明 照亮 阐明 启发 reproductionn 繁殖 再生产 再现 13 psychologicala 心理的 psych o ofthemind精神的 心理的Psychologyn Psychologistn 14 interactvi 相互作用 inter between fromonetoanother在 之间 从一个到另一个 II Languagepointsandtextanalysis Doyouviewworkasaburdenoranopportunity Areyouthekindofpersonwholooksforwaystosaveyourenergyorthekindthatfindsspendingyourenergysatisfying Whydopeopleliketocomplainaboutwork Findtheanswersinthefollowingessay WhyPeopleWorkLeonardR Sayles Jobsandworkdomuchmorethanmostofusrealizetoprovidehappinessandcontentment We reallusedtothinkingthatworkprovidesthematerialthingsoflife thegoodsandservicesthatmakepossibleourmoderncivilization Butwearemuchlessconsciousoftheextenttowhichworkprovidesthemoreintangible butmorecrucial psychologicalwell beingthatcanmakethedifferencebetweenafullandanemptylife Historically workhasbeenassociatedwithslaveryandsinandpunishment Andinourowndayweareusedtohearingthetraditionalcomplaints Ican twaitformyvacation IwishIcouldstayhometoday Mybosstreatsmepoorly I vegottoomuchworktodoandnotenoughtimetodoit Againstthisbackground itmaywellcomeasasurprisetolearnthatnotonlypsychologistsbutotherbehavioralscientistshavecometoacceptthepositivecontributionofworktotheindividual shappinessandsenseofpersonalachievement Workismorethananecessityformosthumanbeings itisthefocusoftheirlives thesourceoftheiridentityandcreativity Historically workhasbeenassociatedwithslaveryandsinandpunishment Andinourowndayweareusedtohearingthetraditionalcomplaints Ican twaitformyvacation IwishIcouldstayhometoday Mybosstreatsmepoorly I vegottoomuchworktodoandnotenoughtimetodoit Againstthisbackground itmaywellcomeasasurprisetolearnthatnotonlypsychologistsbutotherbehavioralscientistshavecometoacceptthepositivecontributionofworktotheindividual shappinessandsenseofpersonalachievement Workismorethananecessityformosthumanbeings itisthefocusoftheirlives thesourceoftheiridentityandcreativity Article S 1 1 Whatdoes maywell mean Itmeans beprobableto or haveenoughreasonsto 2 Howdoyouunderstandthissentence Becauseofallthis itismostprobablethatyouwillfeelsurprisedtoknow Historically workhasbeenassociatedwithslaveryandsinandpunishment Andinourowndayweareusedtohearingthetraditionalcomplaints Ican twaitformyvacation IwishIcouldstayhometoday Mybosstreatsmepoorly I vegottoomuchworktodoandnotenoughtimetodoit Againstthisbackground itmaywellcomeasasurprisetolearnthatnotonlypsychologistsbutotherbehavioralscientistshavecometoacceptthepositivecontributionofworktotheindividual shappinessandsenseofpersonalachievement Workismorethananecessityformosthumanbeings itisthefocusoftheirlives thesourceoftheiridentityandcreativity Article S 2 1 Whatdoesthesentencemean Formostpeopleworkismoreimportantthanjustameansofearningmoney itisthecenterofinterestoftheirlives Inworktheyrealizetheirownworthandseewhatgreatthingstheycancreate 2 TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 对大多数人来说 工作不仅仅是一种必需 它还是人们生活的焦点 是他们的个性和创造性的源泉 Andthereverseistrue too Forlargenumbersofpeople theabsenceofworkisharmfultotheirhealth Retirementoftenbringsmanyproblemssurroundingthe WhatdoIdowithmyself question eventhoughtheremaybenofinancialcares Largenumbersofpeopleregularlygetheadachesandotherillnessesonweekendswhentheydon thavetheirjobstogoto andmustfendforthemselves Ithasbeenobservedthatunemployment quiteasidefromexertingfinancialpressures bringsenormouspsychologicaltroublesandthatmanyindividualsdeterioraterapidlywhenjobless Butwhy Whyshouldworkbesuchasignificantsourceofhumansatisfaction Agoodshareoftheanswerrestsinthekindofpridethatisstimulatedbythejob bytheactivityofaccomplishing Butwhy Whyshouldworkbesuchasignificantsourceofhumansatisfaction Agoodshareoftheanswerrestsinthekindofpridethatisstimulatedbythejob bytheactivityofaccomplishing Andthereverseistrue too Forlargenumbersofpeople theabsenceofworkisharmfultotheirhealth Retirementoftenbringsmanyproblemssurroundingthe WhatdoIdowithmyself question eventhoughtheremaybenofinancialcares Largenumbersofpeopleregularlygetheadachesandotherillnessesonweekendswhentheydon thavetheirjobstogoto andmustfendforthemselves Ithasbeenobservedthatunemployment quiteasidefromexertingfinancialpressures bringsenormouspsychologicaltroublesandthatmanyindividualsdeterioraterapidlywhenjobless Article S 4 1 Howdoyouunderstandthispart quiteapartfromcausingfinancialdifficulties 2 Whatisthefunctionoftheword quite Theadverb quite isusedtoemphasizethepointthatthereareotherseriousproblemsapartfromtheobviousoneoflossofincome PrideinAccomplishmentThehumanbeinglongsforasenseofbeingaccomplished ofbeingabletodothings withhishand withhismind withhiswill Eachofuswantstofeelheorshehastheabilitytodosomethingthatismeaningfulandthatservesasatributetoourinherentabilities Itiseasiesttoseethisinthecraftsmanwholovinglyshapessomecheapmaterialintoanobjectthatmaybeeitherusefulorbeautifulorboth Youcanseethecarpenterorbricklayerstandasideandadmiretheproductofhispersonalskill Butevenwherethereisnoobviousendproductthatissolelyattributabletooneperson sskill researchershavefoundthatemployeesfindprideinaccomplishment Ourownresearchinhospitalssuggeststhateventhehousekeepingandlaundrystaffstakeprideinthefactthatintheirownwaystheyarehelpingtocuresickpeople andthusaccomplishingagooddeal We reoftenmisledbythecomplaintssurroundingdifficultwork deepdownmostpeopleregardtheirowncapacitytoconquerthetoughjobasthemarkoftheirownuniquepersonality Complainingisjustpartofworking Afterall howelsedoyouknowwhoyouare exceptasyoucandemonstratetheabilityofyourmindtocontrolyourlimbsandhandsandwords Youare insignificantmeasure whatyoucando Somearedeceivedintothinkingthatpeopleliketostoreupenergy torestandsavethemselvesasmuchaspossible Justtheopposite Itisenergyexpenditurethatissatisfying Butevenwherethereisnoobviousendproductthatissolelyattributabletooneperson sskill researchershavefoundthatemployeesfindprideinaccomplishment Ourownresearchinhospitalssuggeststhateventhehousekeepingandlaundrystaffstakeprideinthefactthatintheirownwaystheyarehelpingtocuresickpeople andthusaccomplishingagooddeal We reoftenmisledbythecomplaintssurroundingdifficultwork deepdownmostpeopleregardtheirowncapacitytoconquerthetoughjobasthemarkoftheirownuniquepersonality Complainingisjustpartofworking Afterall howelsedoyouknowwhoyouare exceptasyoucandemonstratetheabilityofyourmindtocontrolyourlimbsandhandsandwords Youare insignificantmeasure whatyoucando Somearedeceivedintothinkingthatpeopleliketostoreupenergy torestandsavethemselvesasmuchaspossible Justtheopposite Itisenergyexpenditurethatissatisfying Article S 5 1 Whatdoes deepdown referto Itrefersto atheart 2 Howtointerpretthispart atheartmostpeoplethinktheyowetheirabilitytododifficultworktotheirdistinctivepersonalcharacteristics Butevenwherethereisnoobviousendproductthatissolelyattributabletooneperson sskill researchershavefoundthatemployeesfindprideinaccomplishment Ourownresearchinhospitalssuggeststhateventhehousekeepingandlaundrystaffstakeprideinthefactthatintheirownwaystheyarehelpingtocuresickpeople andthusaccomplishingagooddeal We reoftenmisledbythecomplaintssurroundingdifficultwork deepdownmostpeopleregardtheirowncapacitytoconquerthetoughjobasthemarkoftheirownuniquepersonality Complainingisjustpartofworking Afterall howelsedoyouknowwhoyouare exceptasyoucandemonstratetheabilityofyourmindtocontrolyourlimbsandhandsandwords Youare insignificantmeasure whatyoucando Somearedeceivedintothinkingthatpeopleliketostoreupenergy torestandsavethemselvesasmuchaspossible Justtheopposite Itisenergyexpenditurethatissatisfying Article S 6 1 Whatdoes insignificantmeasure mean Itmeans toalargeextent 2 Paraphrasethissentence Toalargeextent yourvalueorworthliesinwhatyoucando Justwatchanemployeewhomustdealwithcountlessotherpeoplebecausehisorherjobisatsomecentralpointinacommunicationsnetwork asalesmanatabusycounter astockbrokeronthephone acustomerrepresentative Theywilltellyouhowmuchskillandexperienceittakestoanswercountlessquestionsandhandlevariouskindsofpersonalitieseveryhouroftheday Noteveryonecaninteractwithsuchpersistenceandoverlonghours butthosewhodo pridethemselvesonadistinctiveabilitythatcontributesmightilytotherunningoftheorganization Butworkismorethanaccomplishmentandprideinbeingabletocommandthejob becauseexceptforafewcraftsmenandartistsmostworktakesplace outintheworld withandthroughotherpeople Justwatchanemployeewhomustdealwithcountlessotherpeoplebecausehisorherjobisatsomecentralpointinacommunicationsnetwork asalesmanatabusycounter astockbrokeronthephone acustomerrepresentative Theywilltellyouhowmuchskillandexperienceittakestoanswercountlessquestionsandhandlevariouskindsofpersonalitieseveryhouroftheday Noteveryonecaninteractwithsuchpersistenceandoverlonghours butthosewhodo pridethemselvesonadistinctiveabilitythatcontributesmightilytotherunningoftheorganization Butworkismorethanaccomplishmentandprideinbeingabletocommandthejob becauseexceptforafewcraftsmenandartistsmostworktakesplace outintheworld withandthroughotherpeople Article S 7 1 Howdoyouunderstandthissentence Notallpeopleareabletokeepdealingwithothersinsuchanactivewayandforsuchlongperiods butthosewhoareabletodosowillcongratulatethemselvesonthisspecialabilitybecauseithasanimportantroletoplayinassuringthesmoothoperationofanorganization 2 TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 不是每个人都能以这样的韧性长时间地与人周旋的 但是能够这样做的人 都为自己具有出众才能 能对所在单位的运转作出巨大贡献而感到自豪 EspritdecorpsPerhapsanexamplewillmakethepoint Irememberviewingahalfdozenmeninachairfactorywhosejobitwastobendseveralpiecesofsteelandattachthemsothatafoldingchairwouldresult Whilethereweretenortwelveofthese teams thatworkedtogether oneinparticularwasknownforitsperfectcoordinationandlightning likeefforts Themenknewtheyweregood Theywouldworkinspurtsfortwentyorthirtyminutesbeforetakingabreak toshowthemselves bystandersandothergroupswhatitwastobesuperblyskilledandself controlled tobethebestinthefactory WhenItalkedwiththem eachexpressedenormousprideinbeingapartofthefastest bestteam Andthissenseofbelongingtoanaccomplishedworkgroupisoneofthedistinctivesatisfactionsoftheworldofwork WhenItalkedwiththem eachexpressedenormousprideinbeingapartofthefastest bestteam Andthissenseofbelongingtoanaccomplishedworkgroupisoneofthedistinctivesatisfactionsoftheworldofwork EspritdecorpsPerhapsanexamplewillmakethepoint Irememberviewingahalfdozenmeninachairfactorywhosejobitwastobendseveralpiecesofsteelandattachthemsothatafoldingchairwouldresult Whilethereweretenortwelveofthese teams thatworkedtogether oneinparticularwasknownforitsperfectcoordinationandlightning likeefforts Themenknewtheyweregood Theywouldworkinspurtsfortwentyorthirtyminutesbeforetakingabreak toshowthemselves bystandersandothergroupswhatitwastobesuperblyskilledandself controlled tobethebestinthefactory Article S 8 1 Pleaseexplainthepart whosejobitwasto Itisanidiomaticexpression Forexample Ateacher sjobistoteach Thusateacherisapersonwhosejobistoteach Itisateacher sjobtoteach Thusateacherisapersonwhosejobitistoteach 2 Whatwastheworkers job Theirjobwastomakeafoldingchairoutofafewpiecesofsteel Onefurtherwordaboutworkgroupsatisfactions Unlikemanyotheraspectsoflife relationshipsamongpeopleatworktendtobesimpler lesscomplicated somewhatlessemotional Thisisnottosaytherearen targumentsandjealousies but onthewhole behavioralresearchdisclosesthathumanrelationsatworkarejusteasier perhapsbecausetheyaremoreregularandpredictableandthussimplertoadjusttothanthesporadic themoreintenseandlessregularrelationshipsinthecommunity Andtheworkgroupalsogentlypressuresitsmemberstolearnhowtoadjusttooneanothersothatthe roughedges areworkedoffbecausepeopleknowtheymustdocertainthingswithandthroughonea