中美贸易冲突分析.doc

Sino-US trade dispute Significance of relation between US and China China and America are both vast in area and rich in resources. Their combined population accounts for a quarter of the worlds total. Both are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and nuclear powers. No matter how the international situation may evolve, the interactions between the two will surely have significant impact on peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region and the world as a whole. Both must face realities squarely. China and the United States - the worlds largest developing and developed countries - have managed to build a mutually important relationship. The U. S. is an economic power of significant influence, while China has a great economic potential. They are highly complementary to each other. A sound development in their economic relation, trade and scientific-technological cooperation can produce enormous tangible benefits for the two peoples. It serves the interests and conforms to the common aspiration of both sides. To each other, China and the United States are now important economic partners with ever-expanding trade and investment ties. A prosperous America is important to Chinas development, and a rich and peaceful China serves the US interests as well.贸易逆差The US Department of Commerce said that last year, China was the largest supplier of imports to the United States and the third-largest market for US exports after Canada and Mexico. China will also urge the US to relax exports of high-tech products to China and give its investors fair treatment when they do business in the US. Despite Chinas surplus in commodity trade, the nation suffers a huge deficit in services trade, with royalties and license fees being the second largest cause of the services trade deficit in 2009.In fact, Chinas trade surplus with the United States has mainly resulted from the economic globalization. Many of the US imports from China are products of American and other overseas enterprises, which have invested in China and yielded profits that account for the lions share of the trade surplus.On the other hand, a plunging dollar, fueled by a loose US monetary policy and high federal budgets, has become the source of many current global economic problems.A weak dollar has pushed up commodity prices, leading to higher energy and food costs in many countries. Emerging economies like China and India are particularly concerned about their rising inflationary pressures.The fact that the US is working on doubling its exports in five years and reconstructing its tangible economy, while China is transforming patterns of economic development and expanding domestic demand, would weaken the existing complementary advantages. 汇率Chinas Foreign Ministry urged the US government, Congress and communities to firmly oppose the action of pressuring Chinese RMB exchange rate with its domestic legislation, to resist protectionism, and to resist the politicization of economic and trade issues, so as to safeguard the healthy development of China-US economic and trade relations, in response to the US Senates passing of the Currency Exchange Rate Oversight Reform Act. The bill is especially directed at Chinas currency, the yuan, which the US claimed is undervalued to make Chinese exports to the US cheaper. The move has seriouslyviolated international regulations and sent a wrong signal of escalating trade protectionism. U.S. Senate has disrupted the worlds joint efforts to prop up global economic recovery and curb trade protectionism by using domestic legislation to threaten to punish China for its alleged currency manipulation, The US Senate passed a controversial currency bill which threatens to punish China for so-called currency manipulation with retaliatory tariffs, despite strong opposition from China and many US business groups. China has long said it would like to increase the flexibility of the Chinese currency - and so Beijing has been doing. Since 2005, the Chinese Yuan has risen more than 26 percent against the US dollar since it was depegged from the greenback. but US officials still complain that its revaluation is very slow. Such accusations not only disrespect Chinas national interests, but also blatantly deny facts. US has turned a blind eye to its own economic and financial problems that have afflicted the rest of world, and tried to shift its responsibilities for the global economic woes by blaming the yuans exchange rate for them The prospects of yuan appreciation will mainly be decided by Chinas economic reality. If Chinas exports recover decently and global commodity prices continue to rise to threaten China with imported inflation, China will allow the yuan to appreciate anyway - with or without currency disputes. theyuan exchange rate should also maintain relatively stable so that domestic manufacturers and exporters can better predict and adjust to the market US accused China of currency manipulation. China will not tolerate US intervention in its exchange rate policymaking, a matter under the jurisdiction of the countrys sovereignty. There is an extensive consensus among Chinese decision-makers that even a 40 percent revaluation of the yuan, a long-pushed target by Washington, will not help solve the root issue of the China-US trade imbalance.Due to its policy momentum and population factor, the possibility remains slim for China to raise the prices of its labor, land and other resources by a large margin in a short period.Their comparatively cheap prices have served as the key to maintaining a sharp edge of Chinas products in increasingly fierce international competition. More important, the ballooning trade deficit on the US side is largely attributed to the asymmetrical China-US trade structure and a decades-long ban by the White House on its exports of hi-tech products and weapons to China. No major changes are expected to emerge in the US policy in these regards in the foreseeable future.知识产权In other countries, it is companies that promote IPR protection. But in China, due to low IPR literacy, a number of companies still have only a vague understanding of IPR protection. Therefore the government still has to play a major roleChinas intellectual property rights protection (IPR) system is improving and the country has made further efforts to protect IPR in 2010.The government launched a six-month campaign to fight piracy in December last year. Related industries, companies and more consumers in China are also taking action against piracy to protect software rights.China is the fifth in the world in terms of number of international patent applications. The nations effort in IPR protection is also recognized by the World Intellectual PropertyThe Chinese government is willing to actively increase cooperation with the United States on intellectual property rights (IPR) and the nation will take a responsible attitude in advancing IPR protection in the long term, said the vice-minister of commerce.市场经济地位China has been trying to get the US to recognize its market economy status for years through this platform and it will remain on the top of its agenda. When it joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, China agreed that members could deny its market economy status until 2016. The US is among a few countries that have not granted China the status. Without it, Chinese traders are vulnerable to anti-dumping charges launched by trading partners. 中国威胁论The US views China as a major strategic competitor and demonstrates its superpower status from various aspects, including military, diplomacy, finance and human rights. It is a trend that needs special attention from China and requires a strategic solution. However, the rise of China has brought challenges to the US. With its large population, China would definitely cause pressure on global resources and energy, which would result in enormous economic challenges. The continuous economic growth over the past 30 years has made China the symbol of the rise of emerging countries. The rise of a socialist country, with a different social system, ideology and development model, would lead to political challenges. And due to unresolved sovereignty and territorial issues, military security challenges will inevitably be brought up. All these three challenges would be the prerequisites when the US formulates strategies toward China. First, China should neither intentionally hide nor underestimate its national power, nor should it be reluctant to face up to its rising status in the world. Demolishing these psychological barriers of the US both theoretically and practically is a long-term challenge, and it will be one of the key issues in diplomacy toward the US. It is also essential for China to reevaluate and readjust its strategic position. In the past few years, both countries have sped up the transition of strategic position. The US has demonstrated its determination to defend the hegemony while some scholars in China are also quite aggressive in national policies. Despite its fast development, China still needs time before becoming a world power. Development is still Chinas overriding importance, and hiding its capabilities and biding its time remain the fundamental principles. The best way to improve Sino-US relations is to create a favorable international environment, seize strategic opportunities and focus on national development. China should also clarify shared interests and continue to explore potential collaboration. Shared interests such as economic and trade relations and regional cooperation keep on changing. Meanwhile, economic and trade interests could sometimes cause conflicts. Considering China as a threat is not a fruitful standpoint, he said recently, the net effects are positive. 总结The two countries should ascend a height to enjoy a distant view in dealing with Sino-US trade relations. This Chinese proverb, meant to say that both sides should be farsighted and seek common grounds while reserving differences in order to maintain a long-term, healthy and stable development of the bilateral trade relations. In the next few years, China is bent on boosting its domestic demand while reducing its dependence on exports as a major source of economic growth. In this process, some 1.3 billion Chinese consumers, with rising income and better coverage of the social security network, are expected to buy more and more US goods and services, thus offering potentially an enormous market for the exports.presidents Hu and Obama reaffirmed their commitment to establishing a positive, cooperative and comprehensive China-US relationship for the 21st century, which serves the interests of Chinese and American peoples and of the global community.With the rapid development of China, some considerable changes have occurred in power comparisons between Beijing and Washington, which are a new test for Sino-US relations. The US should abandon its Cold War mentality and hegemonic handling of relations with other countries. It should no longer consider Chinas rise as a threat to its self-proclaimed world leadership, a concept that has long distorted Washingtons perception of Beijing and become a big obstacle to building strategic mutual trust with Ch