大三下高英期末考重点 山西财经大学李霞.docx

单词填空 30*1单词填空30*1Might n. 强大力量 mightyadj.强而有力的，巨大的 mightily adv. 很，非常，极其努力的，全力以赴的Conceive想出conceivable a. 可想象的自信的conceit n. 自负 conceited a. 自负的Dismiss v. 不予考虑，去除消除，开除免职，离开，驳回dismissal n.解除开除驳回不予理会 dissmisive a. 轻蔑的Destroy v. distroyer n. distruction n.破坏 destructive a.毁灭性的Politics n. polity n. politicly adv. 精明地 politicking n. 政治活动Animate v.使具有活力 使生机勃勃 animated a. 兴奋的 活跃的 animation n.生气 活力富有生命力 animatedly adv.热烈的 inanimate v. 无生命Distinguished a. 卓越的杰出的 distinguish v. 区别 distinguishing a.有区别的 （un）distinguishable （不）可区别的Deliver v. 传送；发表；履行诺言；生孩子；投掷；解救 delivery n.传送；交付；递送；难产 deliverance n.解脱Composed a.镇静的 compose v.组成构成使平静创作 decompose v.分解 decomposed a. 已腐烂的Cow n.奶牛v.威胁恐吓cowerv.畏缩Dominate v.支配分解；俯视高耸于；占有优势 domination n. 政治上的统治 predominate 支配；主宰；占优势 predominance n. 优势Resolve 解决决定 resolved a.下定决心的resolution n. 决议，解决，决心 resolute a.坚决的Style * styleless a.少风格stylelessness n.风格时尚styler n.时装设计师Class classic a.经典的，优秀的classfy v.分类classified a.机密的classification n.分类classifiable a.可分类的home homelike a,舒适的自在的mercy merciless 残忍的extend v.扩展扩大 extendability n.扩展性extendable a.可延长的可伸展的extendibility n.数可扩展性extendible a.可伸长的ear long-eared a. 愚蠢的固执的earless a.无穗的，听觉不好的 earnest a.认真的cook cooks the book, cook sth up,be cooking with gas,cook someones goosematch 比较，较量，敌手 unmatchable=matchless 无敌的 matching 可匹配的 match-box 火柴盒ancestor ancesty n.祖宗ancestrala.祖先的legend n. 传说 legendary a.非常著名的profuse a.丰富的慷慨的浪费的profusely adv.丰富的profuseness n.挥霍丰富 profusion n. 丰富充沛慷慨profess v.声称，宣城表明，信奉professed a.公开表明的profession n.行业professional a.专业的compensate v.补偿compensation n.补偿 compensative a.补充的偿还的compensator n.补偿物 compensating n.补偿修正抵消compensative a.补充的external a.外部的 externals n. 外控者外表 externalize v. 表达表露 externally adv. 外部地外型上地internal a.内部的technique 技巧 technology n.科技simple *a. 简单的 simpler，simplest ,simpleness n.简单单纯 simplify v.使简化 simplicity n. 简单性 simply adv. 仅仅只是，确实简直，简朴地drama n.戏剧，激动兴奋 dramatic a. 突然的激动人心的夸张的distort v.使扭曲 歪曲distortion n.变形失真扭曲droop v.下垂低垂 droopy a.耸拉的teach taughtchronical a.慢性的 糟透的 拙劣的 chronically adv. 满星地chronicity n.慢性 长期性essential n.本质 要素 必需品a.必不可少的 基本的 essentials n.法要件概要 必需品sessentiality n. 重要性根本性 essentialness n.要素要点compare v.对比比较类似 comparison n.比较对比minister n.部长大臣牧师 ministership n.部长ministering a. 关心的体贴的ministrations n. 照顾 看护expedite v.加速expediter n.稽查员 expedition n.远征探险队迅速pervade v.渗透弥漫遍布 pervasive a.遍布的pervasion n.普及流行蔓延扩散moralize v. 教化说教moralization n.道德说教教化moralizer n.说教者morale n.士气morality n.道德品行moralistic a. 说教的注意道德的道学的enlist v.入伍赞助争取 enlister n.征兵者enlistment n.登记 应征入伍回答问题 4*5 AB4.The narrator describes Dee in both positive and negative ways. What positive qualities do you see in Dee? What are her negative qualities?Dee waswell-educated, she knew what wasthe fashionable wayof dressing, speaking, acting. She liked thenice thingas well asthe new life.She always had a firmcontrolof her life and she wasdetermined tofacedifficultiesand defeat difficulties with her effort. On the other hand, she wasarrogant, hard hearted and selfish.5.Maggie seems to be homely, shy, and a bit slow. Do you see any good qualities in her that her sister Dee doesnt have？Illustrate your point with example.Kind-hearted: ask two quilts, she can have themgood- tempered, happy in traditional lifestyle. Help mama do house work.diligent, remember her ancestors name and history.8.What does the story title everyday use mean? What does this reveal about the authors view on cultural heritage? What does the subtitle “for your grandmama” mean?Objects used in the family. It reveals that cultural heritage is nothing that stood in the past but something that can be connected to things of the everyday use. XX To dedicate the story to all American grandmother, the bearers of their heritage.4.What remark did reverend wright make that compelled obama to condemn them?What was the fundamental mistake made by reverend wright? How is obamas condemnation related to the title of his address “a more perfect union”?He usedincendiary languageto express views that have the potential not only towiden the racial divide,but views thatdenigrateboth the greatness and the goodness of the American nation. the statements of Reverend Wright have caused suchcontroversyand in some cases pain. Obamas condemnation appealed to the American people tounite togetherfor a more perfect union.8.Is race an essential issue in the election in obamas opinion? Why?Essential,. Because it is found to be complex and one of those which make the union not perfect.9.How are so many of the disparities that exist in the African-American community today related to the past of slavery and Jim Crow?6A:Into what three categories does author classify environmental threats? As problem like acid rain and large oil spill strategic according to the author? Why or why not?.Local regional strategic. Not strategic but fundamentally regional because the operation of the global environment is not affected and the survival of civilization is not at stake.7A:What causes global warming? Why is it considered a strategic threat?Carbon dioxide with its ability totrap more heat in the atmospherecauses global warming. It is considered a strategic threat because it poses aworldwide threatto theearths abilityto regulate the amount of heart from the sun retained in the atmosphere.9A:What are the two key factors that define the physical reality of our relationship to the earth? How do you think in population explosion is related to environmental problems?.Human population and the scientific and technological revolution. The population explosion is related toenvironmental problems,because more pollution is created as more useadvanced technologies to change physical matterof the earth byburning , cutting, digging, moving.2.How does the author describe Churchill and Roosevelts appearances? What striking features does he present of the two great men?Comparison shaking hands. Pickwick3.How did Henry compare and contrast American Admiral Kings flagship and Churchills battleship? What does the contrast show?Antonyms spick and span, storm whipped different situation5.How does the narrator compare the two leaders?What did Hopkins mean by “the changing of the guard”?Different appearance,movements.X meant that atransfer of powerfrom London to Washingtonwas taking place. Britain not one. Us take over this position翻译课文原句汉译英5*6 L9221年前，一群人聚集在至今屹立在这条街上的市政厅里，用上述这样简洁的语言，发起了美利坚不可思议的民主实验。Two hundred and twenty one years ago, in a hall that still stands across the street, a group of men gathered and, with these simple words, launched Americas improbable experiment in democracy.它因这个国家的奴隶制原罪而劣迹斑斑，这一问题分裂着殖民地的定居者们，使得费城会议陷入僵局，最后建国者们决定同意奴隶贸易再继续开展至少二十年，而将这一问题留待子孙后代去解决。It wasstained bythis nationsoriginal sinof slavery, a question that divided thecoloniesand brought the convention to a stalemate until the founders chose to allow the slave trade to continue for at least twenty more years, and to leave any final resolution to future generations.这样的经历不会将我塑造成最保守的候选人，但它使我骨子里因一种信念而警醒：这个国家高于它的各部分的加总，高于多数群体，我们本身就是一个整体。Its a story that hasnt made me the mostconventional candidate. But it is a story that hasseared intomy genetic makeup the idea that this nation is more than the sum of its parts - that out of many, we are truly one.那些有关生存、自由和希望的故事，变成了我们自己的故事，我的故事；流淌的血液是我们的血液，眼泪是我们的眼泪；在这个阳光明媚的日子，这个黑人聚集的教堂，再一次作为桥梁将一个民族的故事汇入未来的世代和更大的世界。Those stories - of survival, and freedom, and hope - became our story, my story; the blood that had spilled was our blood, the tears our tears; until this black church, on this bright day, seemed once more avesselcarrying the story of a people into future generations and into a larger world.它容纳了善意和残忍、绝顶聪明和盲目无知、尚在困境中挣扎的和已经功成名就的、爱和肯定、苦难和偏见这些美国黑人所经历的一切。The churchcontains in fullthe kindness and cruelty, thefierce intelligenceand the shocking ignorance, the struggles and successes, the love and yes, the bitterness andbiasthat make up the black experience in America.这就需要那些愿意履行其职责的后来者去缩小我们的理想承诺与人们所处时代的社会现实间的差距，他们得经过街头抗议和法庭抗争，经过内战和和平违法，这其间总是险象环生。What would be needed were Americans insuccessive generationswho were willing to do their part - throughprotests and struggle, on the streets and in the courts, through a civil war and civil disobedience and always at great risk - to narrow that gap between the promise of our ideals and the reality of their time.但种族是这个国家不容再忽视的问题。我们如果对此不屑一顾就会犯怀特神父同样的错误，那就是在他关于美利坚的布道中以简单化的、颇具成见的方式放大美国的负面，结果造成对现实的扭曲。But race is an issue that I believe this nation cannot afford to ignore right now. We would be making the same mistake that Reverend Wright made in hisoffending sermonsabout America - tosimplify and stereotype and amplifythe negative to the point that it distorts reality.黑人的愤怒并不总具积极意义，它确实在大多数时候干扰了急需解决的问题，阻止我们面对我们自己其实也是目前的状况产生的原因之一的事实，阻碍了非裔美国人社区形成它所需的能带来真正的改变的联盟。但这愤怒是真实的且有巨大的能量，天真地幻想它会烟消云散，或者对其根源不加甄别就一味谴责，只能加深已有的种族间的误解鸿沟。That anger is not always productive; indeed, all too often it distracts attention from solving real problems; it keeps us from squarely facing our own complicity in our condition, and prevents the African-American community from forging the alliances it needs to bring about real change. But the anger is real; it is powerful; and to simply wish it away, to condemn it without understanding its roots, only serves to widen thechasmof misunderstanding that exists between the races.在光谱的另一端，我们听见这样的暗示，即我的参选在某种程度上是平权计划的一种实施，是那些眼界开阔的自由主义者寻求廉价的种族和解的议员的结果。在光谱的另一端，我们听到了我以前的牧师，杰里梅尔怀特，用煽动性的语言来加深种族分裂，也有损我们国家的伟大与善良。对黑人白人同样的冒犯。On the end of thespectrum,weve heard implication that my candidacy is somehow an exercise inaffirmative action;that its based solely on the desire of wide-eyedliberalsto purchaseracial reconciliationon the cheap. On the other end, weve heard my former pastor, Jeremiah Wright, use incendiary language to express views thatdenigrateboth the greatness and the goodness of our nation; that rightly offend white and black alike.L12在这一过程中，我们是全球变暖的威胁再次加大，因为甲烷是增长最快的温室气体之一，其总含量仅次于二氧化碳和水蒸气，改变着高空大气层的化学成分。1. In the process, we are once again adding to the threat of global warming, because methane has been one of the fastest-growing green-house gases, and isthird only tocarbon dioxide andwater vaporin total volume, changing the chemistry of the upper atmosphere.尽管有时很难理解其真正含义，我们大家都曾耳闻目睹过 一些反映人类对生态环境造成破坏的 惊人的现象或是气温超过一百度的高温天气出现频率的增加，或是太阳灼伤人的皮肤的速度的加快，或是公众对越积越多的废物该如何处理这一问题进行讨论的热情的高涨。 Even though it is sometimes hard to see their meaning, we have by now all witnessed surprising experiences thatsignalthe damage from our assaultonthe environment -whetherits the new frequency of days when the temperature exceeds 100 degrees, the new speed with which the sun burns our skin, or thenew constancyof public debate over what to do withgrowing mountainsof waste.一套行之有效的分级归类方法源自于军队，她们经常将冲突根据发生范围的大小分为三级，局部性冲突，地区性战斗，战略性对抗。第三级指的是直接威胁到一个国家的生存因为必须以全球局势为背景来进行的 军事战斗A cause full system comes from the military ,which frequently places a conflict in one of three different categories, according to the threaten in which it takes place. There are local skirmishes, reginal battles, and strategic conflict. This third category isreserved forstruggles that can threaten a nations survival and mustbe understood inglobalcontext.这两类问题都带有普遍性，世界各地可能同时出现性质相同的局部性问题和地区性问题，因此，这些局部性问题和地区性问题又似乎可以看作是全球性的问题。但它们并不属于战略性问题，因为这些问题并没有对全球生态环境的本质结构造成影响，也没有直接威胁到人类社会的生存。In both of these categories, there may be so many similar instances of particular local and regional problems occurringsimultaneously all over the world that the pattern appears to be global, but the problems themselves are still not truly strategic because the operation of the global environment is not affected and the survival of civilization is not at stake.氯含量的增加破坏了地球调节太阳通过大气层射到地面的紫外线辐射量的全球程序。如果我们让氯含量继续增加，那么紫外线辐射量也将增加终有一天会威胁到所有的动植物的生存。The increased levels of chlorine disrupt the global process by which the earth regulates the amount of ultraviolet radiation from the sun that is allowed through the atmosphere to the surface; and if we let chlorine levels continue to increase, the radiation levels will also increase to the point that all animal and plant life will face a new threat to their survival.然而我们却不愿承认这一事实，并且觉得很难想象，我们给地球带来的影响，现在得用测量月球对海洋的引力或风对高山的作用的标准来测量。2. Yet we resist this truth and find it hard to imagine that our effect on the earth must now be measured by the same yardstick used to calculate the strength of the moons pull on the oceans or the force of the wind against the mountains.本世纪中有两个决定人类与地球之间的本质关系的关键因素发生了重大变化：一是人口的急剧增长，二是科学技术的突飞猛进。世界人口每十年的增长数字就相当于全中国的人口总数，而科技的发展使我们具有了几乎是不可思议的力量，可以对 构成这个地球的物质 恣意地进行焚烧、砍伐、挖掘、搬运和改造。This century has witnesseddramatic changesin two key factors that define thephysical realityof our relationship to the earth: asudden and startling surgein human population, with the addition of one Chinas worth of people every ten years, and asudden accelerationof the scientific and technological revolution, which has allowed an almost unimaginablemagnificationof our power to affect the world around us by burning, cutting, digging, moving, and trans-forming the physical matter that makes up the earth.尽管任何一项发现对人类与地球的关系所造成的影响都无法同核武器对人类与战争的关系所造成的影响相比，但若将这儿些发现结合在一起，他们却完全改变人类为了生存所积累的开发地球的能力-似的无节制地开采地球的后果如同无控制的核战争的后果一样不堪设想。3. While no single discovery has had the kind of effect on our relationship to the earth that unclear weapons have had on our relationship to warfare, it is nevertheless true that taken together, they have completely transformed our cumulative ability to exploit the earth for sustenance - making the consequences of unrestrained exploitation every bit as unthinkable as the consequences of unrestrained nuclear war.L15这两位领导人以一种奇特的方式贬抑对方。他们两位都是头号人物，但这又是不可能的，两个人不可能同时都是第一。那么，究竟谁是第一呢?罗斯福站着比丘吉尔高出一个头，然而他却是可怜地由两根没有生命的假腿支撑着，紧依在儿子的胳膊上，长裤空荡荡地迎风飘动着。丘吉尔呢，看起来像一个穿着蓝制服的驼背的匹克威克，他抬头看着罗斯福，神态庄重而又亲切。比起罗斯福来，他老成一些，神态更威严，也更自信。不过，从这位首相身上还是可以看出一些钦佩罗斯福的神色来。罗斯福看起来有那么一丁点儿更像第一号人物。或许这就是霍普金斯所说的“换岗”的意思吧。InanoddwaythetwoleadersdiminishedeachotherTheywerebothNumberOneMen.Butthatwasimpossible.who,then,wasNumberOne?Rooseveltstoodafullheadtaller,buthewaspatheticallybracedonlifelesslegframes,clingingtohissonsarm,hisfulltrousersdroopedandflapping.Churchill,abentPickwickinblueuniform,lookedupathimwithmajesticgoodhumor,mucholder,moredignified,moreassured.YettherewasatraceofdeferenceaboutthePrimeMinister.Byashadeofashade,RooseveltlookedlikeNumberOne.MaybethatwaswhatHopkinshadmeantbythechangingoftheguard.This plain truth, so simple once agreed on, ran a red line across every r