高三英语语法专题复习定语从句这样学！

高考专题定语从句 ThisisthefilmwhichIsawwhenIwasatschool Herearetwopicturesthataretakenfromthefilm ThisisthefilmwhosenameisTitanic ThemanandthewomanwhomyouseeinthepictureareJackandLucy Jack whoisapoorpainter wonashipticketbyplayingcards Lucyisayoungbeautifulwoman whowenttoAmericawithhermother JackandLucy whoaretheheroandtheheroineinthefilm lovedeachotherverymuch DefinitionoftheAttributiveClause 定语从句的定义 分析这些句子可知 定语从句即用来修饰名词或代词的句子 幻灯片2被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做 先行词 引导定语从句的词叫 关系词 如that which as who whom whose where when why 等 关系代词或关系副词的在句子中的语法功能 定语从句分类 限制性和非限制性 关系代词在从句中作主语 定语 宾语 表语等成分 作宾语时关系词常常可以省略 关系副词在从句中作时间 地点和原因状语 ThisisthefilmwhichIsawwhenIwasatschool which指物 作宾语Herearetwopicturesthataretakenfromthefilm That指物 作主语ThisisthefilmwhosenameisTitanic whose指物 作定语ThemanandthewomanwhomyouseeinthepictureareJackandLucy Whom指人 作宾语Jack whoisapoorpainter wonashipticketbyplayingcards Who指人 作主语Lucyisayoungbeautifulwoman whowenttoAmericawithhermother Who指人 作主语JackandLucy whoaretheheroandtheheroineinthefilm lovedeachotherverymuch who指人 作主语 关系词的语法功能 限制性 非限制性定语从句 ThisisthefilmwhichIsawwhenIwasatschool Herearetwopicturesthataretakenfromthefilm ThisisthefilmwhosenameisTitanic ThemanandthewomanwhomyouseeinthepictureareJackandLucy Jack whoisapoorpainter wonashipticketbyplayingcards Lucyisayoungbeautifulwoman whowenttoAmericawithhermother JackandLucy whoaretheheroandtheheroineinthefilm lovedeachotherverymuch 如何选折关系代词 关系副词 幻灯片2 重点 如何选折关系代词 关系副词 重点 如何选折关系代词 关系副词 选折关系词是由先行词来决定的 一 当先行词是表示时间 地点和原因的词 且引导词在从句中作时间 地点和原因状语时 即从句不缺主语 宾语等主要成分 选用when where why 重点 e g A Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenwemet B Doyourememberthedaywhich thatwespentwitheachothertogether 辨析 A句中when作时间状语 而B句中which that作及物动词spent的宾语 C ThisistheplacewhereIboughtmyT shirt D Thisistheplacewhich thatIvisitedthreeyearsago 特注 选折用when where why 我还可以看定语从句中是否有主语或宾语 如果既有主语又有宾语 则可以用when where why引导 倘若没有 那么就要考虑是否用that或which 历年高考题 NMET2001 22 Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar awayvillage A untilB thatC whenD where 1 NMET2003北京春季 31 Wearelivinginanage manythingsaredoneoncomputer A whichB thatC whoseD when3 NMET2002北京 22 Wewillbeshownaroundthecity schools museums andsomeotherplaces othervisitorsseldomgo A whatB whichC whereD when8 NMET2001 22 Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar awayvillage A untilB thatC whenD where10 2001上海 37 He sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane A whereB whichC whileD why 二 介词加引导词的用法 当关系代词引导一个定语从句并且在从句中充当宾语时 该从句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词 如果不是 就要在该动词后加上响应的介词 如果关系代词为which或whom 则要将介词放在which或whom前 观察以下句子 A ThisisthebookthatIhavelearnedalotfrom 这就是那本让我获益非浅的书 B ThisisthebookfromwhichIhavelearnedalot C Doyouknowthemanthatshewastalkingto 你认识和她说话的那个人吗 D Doyouknowthemantowhomshewastalking E Thehousethatheislivinginisnowashop 他现在居住的房子现在是一个商店 F Thehouseinwhichheislivingisnowashop G ThefellowthatIspoketomadenoanswer 和我说话的那个小伙子没作任何回答 H ThefellowtowhomIspokemadenoanswer 2002上海 31 Alecaskedthepoliceman heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident A withhimB whoC withwhomD whom 三 who指人 是主格 在从句中做主语 whom是宾格 在从句中作宾语 whose是所有格 在从句中作定语 是定语从句中表示所属关系的引导词 意为 的 既可指人 也可指物 如 Heistalkingwiththegirlwhosebrotherismyclassmate 他正在和那个弟弟是我同学的女孩说话 B ThisistheboywhosefatherisourEnglishteacher 这就是那个父亲是我们英语教师的男孩 C Helivesinahousewhosewindowopenstothesouth D Ihavejustboughtanewbikewhosecoloriswhite 2001上海春季 30 Haveyouseenthefilm Titanic leadingactorisworldfamousA itsB it sC whoseD which 四 that与which都可以修饰表示物的先行词 但在有些情况下只能用that引导 不能用which 有些情况下 只能用which引导 不能用that 只能用that情况 1 先行词为all everything something anything nothing等不定代词时 A Pleasetellmeallthatyouknow B I lltellyoueverythingthatIsawintheUnitedStates C I dliketotellyousomethingthatwillmakeyousurprised D Isthereanythingthathastobedonetoday E Thereisnothingthathastobedonetoday 2 先行词被数词 形容词最高级及thevery theonly thelast等修饰时 A ThefirststudentthatputuphandswasZhangPing B Agriculturewasthemostimportantinventionthatledtothebeginningofcivilization C Thisistheverypenthatheislookingfor D ThisistheonlyEnglishbookthatheboughtfromthebookstoreyesterday 3 先行词中既有人又有物时只能用that引导 A Henryandhisdogthatappearedinstreetlastweekdisappearedmysteriouslyintheforestyesterday B Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschoolsthatwehadvisited 先行词在主句中作表语 或关系代词在从句中作表语时 A Itisadictionarythatwillhelpyoualot B Heisnolongerthemanthathewasinouruniversity 只能用which的情况 关系代词前有介词时用which ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtenyearsago 先行词本身是that时用which Iwilltellyouthatwhichhesaidyesterday 引导非限制性定语从句时 A Ihavelostmymobilephone whichisboughtbymyfather B Sheenteredanewvocationalandtechnicalcollege whichmadehermotherveryhappy 她上了一所职业技术学校 这使她的母亲非常高兴 1994上海 19 Ishallneverforgetthoseyears Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers hasagreateffectonmylife A that whichB when whichC which thatD when who 1999上海 22 HewasveryrudetotheCustomsofficer ofcoursemadethingsevenworse A whoB whomC whatD which15 NMET2000北京春季 10 Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood wehadn texpect A whenB thatC whichD what 历年高考题 NMET2000 17 Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay ofcourse madetheothersunhappy A whoB whichC thisD what 2000上海 28 RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase wasveryreasonable A whichpriceB thepriceofwhichC itspriceD thepriceofwhose 五 as引导时间 原因和方式状语从句 此外 有时它还可与which一样 引导一个非限制性定语从句代表主句所要表达的内容 Shewasillyesterday whichmadehermotherveryworrized Shewaspatienttowardsthechildren whichmadethemveryexcited Eatingtoomuch asiswellknown isnotgoodforourhealth Heopposedtheidea ascouldbeexpected 2003上海春季 32 hasbeenannounced weshallhaveourfinalexamsnextmonth A ThatB AsC ItD What NMET2001 34 isknowntoeverybody themoontravelsroundtheearthonceev