英语修辞总结.doc

Figures of speech in English1Simile is a figure of speech in which one thing is likened to(比作) another 明喻 比喻词常见的有like, as, asas等。l swept like a fresh wind through the schoolsl when Bryan swept the political arena like a prairie fire.l as fast as a hare, /as stupid as a goose2. Metaphor is an implied simile暗喻 l Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles.l It is a vast, cavern of a room.l The court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that for Bryan.3Metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another借代/转喻 l The pen is mightier than the sword.l .but for making money,his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxl He has an eye for beauty/an ear for music/a smooth tongue/a sharp tongue.l Ive got five Shakespeares.l He is driving a Ford.4Synecdoche is a figure of speech which consists in taking a part for the whole or the whole for a part.提喻 部分代整体或整体代部分l The poor man without income has six mouths to feed. l Great minds think alike. l You are a noble heart.l Grey hair is taken good care of.l Moscow and Washington will hold talks on this issue.5Antithesis is the setting of contrasting phrases or statements opposite each other for emphasis对照 意义相反或相对的词、短语、句子出现在对称的位置上。l a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.l Any man who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man who marches with Hitler is our foe. l United we stand; divided we fall.l A fall in the pit, a gain in the wit.l Give me liberty, or give me death.6Hyperbole is the deliberate use of exaggeration to achieve emphasis 夸张l The trial that rocked the world.l I havent seen you for ages. l The two views are miles apart.l Im dying of thirst/ to know the truth. 7Personification is a figure of speech that gives human form, character, or sensibility to animals, plants, or abstractions. 拟人l Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. l Walls have ears. l The past year witnessed great progress in my oral English.8alliteration头韵 重复出现开头音相同的单词。l .and ever since then they have been testing and treating mel fighting for his hearth and homel .for all the slow, sleepy sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home. 9. Transferred epithet is a qualifying adjective transferred from a person to a thing. 移就 本应该用来描写甲事物的修饰语移来描写乙事物。l .throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.l .climbs up nimbly to a dizzy height to fasten ropes.l The enemy fled in a blind haste.l What a lame excuse you have made.l She tossed on her sleepless bed all last night.l The embarrassing five minutes were gone.10Euphemism委婉语 用温和、雅致、悦耳甚至含糊的语言代替粗俗、生硬等给人带来不快的说法。l final release from earthly struggles l The Duke took a lady friend to the nightclub.l When we came back we found him in his armchair, peacefully gone to sleep but forever. 11. Rhetorical question 修辞疑问句 a rhetorical question differs from an ordinary question in that when a writer asks a rhetorical question, he does not expect the reader to answer it.l Was I not at the scene of the crime? l Isnt it a silly question?l O, wind, if winter comes, can spring be far behind?l Can the leopard change his spots?12. Parallelism I. Parallel words or phrases: l To be or not to be: that is the question.l I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.II. Parallel sentences:l We shall fight him by land. We shall fight him by the sea. We shall fight him in the air.13. Oxymoron is a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms are combined.l He called my conviction a glorious defeat.l bitter sweet memories l He is a clever fool.l He was puzzled at her cruel kindness.14. Irony is the expression of actual intent in words that carry the opposite meaning.l The hard-working boy seldom reads more than an hour per week.l marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th centuryl Hiroshima-the liveliest city in the world15. A pun is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words.a. Words or phrases having two or more distinct meanings. Homonyms.同形同音异义词l Darwin is right - inside.l -Do you know what will happen to liars when they die?-Yes, they lie still.l - Why did they hang that picture?-Perhaps they couldnt find that artist.b. words having the same or almost same sound but differing in form and meaning. Homophones.同音词l Seven days without water makes one weak.16. Onomatopoeia refers to the formation of a word in imitation of the natural sound associated with the object or acti