初中英语九种时态归纳复习.doc

初中英语九种时态归纳复习英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。英语的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。下面主要是对初中英语九种时态进行阐述一般现在时：概念：1）表经常的或习惯性的动作 e.g. I go to school at 7:30 every day . 2) 表现在的状态 e. g. He is thirteen . She is at home . 3）表主语具备的性格和能力等 e.g. We like P.E. . They know English.基本结构：肯定句：1是“be”动词：主语+am / is / are + （I am , He is , You /They are）(I am - Im you are- youre he is - hes she is - shes they are - theyre )e. g. Im Gina . He is my friend .2行为动词 ：主语+动词原形+ e. g. I go to work very early every day . 主语（第三人称单数）+动词的第三人称单数形式( S + v. + -s / -es ) e. g. He likes bananas .3.情态动词can + 动词原形 e. g. I can speak a little French. 否定句：1“是”动词：主语+am / is / are + not + (I am not - Im not you are not - you arent he is not - he isnt )e.g. He is not a reporter . You are not a doctor .2.行为动词：主语+dont (do not) +动词原形+ e.g. They dont like broccoli .主语（三单）+ doesnt (does not) + 动词原形+ e.g. He doesnt like ice cream .3.主语+cant (can not ) + 动原 e. g. Bob cant play chess.一般疑问句：1 “是”动词：Am / Is / Are +主语+ 回答：肯：Yes , 主+am / is / are 否：No , 主+am /is / are +not e.g. Am I right ? Yes ,you are . Is he at home ? No, he isnt . Are you at work ? Yes , I am .2. 行为动词：Do +主语+动原+？回答：Yes ,主+do. No , 主+dont .e.g. Do you have a basketball ? Yes , I do . /No , I dont .Does +主（三单）+动原+？回答：Yes , 主+does . No , 主+ doesnt .e.g. Does he like swimming ? Yes , he does ./ No , he doesnt .3.Can + 主语+动词原形？ e . g. Can you dance ? Yes, I can ./ No. I cant.特殊疑问句： 1“是”动词，：特殊疑问词+am / is / are / +主语+？e.g. Where are you ? I am at home .2行为动词：特殊疑问词+do / does + 主+动原+？e.g. How do you go to school ? I go to school by bike . What does she do on weekends ? She often goes to the movies .时间状语： 1) in the morning / afternoon / evening .2).always ,usually , often , sometimes , at times (有时), seldom (极少),hardly ever , never3) every day / week / month / year 4). once a week / day / twice a week /day / month / three times a day / week / 5). 通过上下文叙述的是客观真理e.g. The earth goes / turns around the sun .地球绕着太阳运转。The sun rises in the east .太阳从东边升起来。Light travels faster than sound .光速比声速快。动词第三人称单数的构成：一般情况：在动词原形+s： work- works come- comes 2.以c , s , ch , sh 结尾的词+ es pass- passes watch - watches3.以辅音字母+o结尾的词+es go-goes4.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变i再加es study-studies cry - cries5.特殊的第三人称单数：have - has be - is 一般现在时练习题：1 Nick often _ (go ) skateboarding on Saturday afternoons.2 How _ he _ (get) to school every day ?3 I _ ( not have ) a soccer ball .4 _ she _ (want ) to go to a movie ? No , she _ .5 _( be ) this your pencil ? Yes, it _.6 How often _ your father _(exercise ) ? He _ twice a week .7 The weather is fine here . It hardly ever _ (rain) . 8 Does Mike often _ (surf ) the Internet ? 9 Their favorite TV program_ (be) Sports News .10. It usually _ (take) him an hour to do his homework .11.Can you _(come) to my party on Wednesday ? Sorry , I _ . I have to help my mom.12.Tom can _ (play)the guitar , but he cant _ it very well .一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，过去经常或反复的动作，常与often ,always等表频率的时间状语连用。结构： be 动词： 肯定句：1 “be” 动词：主+was / were +e.g. He was here a moment ago .2.行为动词：主+动词的过去式+e.g. They played tennis yesterday. He always went to work by bus last year .否定句：1 . be 动词：主+was / were + not + （was not -wasnt were not - werent）e.g. She wasnt at home last night.2.行为动词：主+did not (didnt) +动原+e.g. I didnt do my homework yesterday evening .一般疑问句：1 be 动词： Was / Were +主+？回答：Yes , 主+was /were . No, 主+ wasnt / werent .e.g. Were you in Guangzhou last year ? Yes , I was ./No , I wasnt . 2行为动词 ： Did + 主+动原+？回答： Yes , 主+ did . No, 主+ didnt .e.g. Did you see Lucy just now ? Yes , I did . No , I didnt .时间状语： 1 yesterday 2. the day before yesterday 3. last night /yesterday /week / month /year / weekend / . 4.ago , two days ago 5. just now 6. the year before last 7.one day 8.at the age of 5 / 12 9. from then on (从那时起) 10. when she was five 11. in 1997 / 12.long long ago 13.once upon a time （以前）动词的过去式构成：1. 一般在动词末尾加-ed look -looked play - played 2. 结尾是e 的动词加-d live - lived decide - decided3. 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed.stop - stopped plan - planned 4. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词，先变“y”为“i” ，再加-edstudy -studied carry - carried不规则动词过去式参见八年级上册附录中的P116不规则动词表一般过去时练习题1I _ (go) to the aquarium last week .2. Tina _ (hang ) out with her friends the day before yesterday .3.Mozart _ (start) writing music when he was four years old .4.Steve _(study ) Chinese in Beijing in 1998. He _ (not study) French.5.When the teacher _ (come) just now ,the students _ (stop )talking . Then they _ (begin) to have class.6.He _ (begin ) to learn English at the age of 5 .7. Where _ you _ (go ) a moment ago ? I _ (go)to the library.8._ (be) they at work an hour ago ? No, they _.9.Ted _(practice ) Japanese yersterday morning.10.China _ (join) the WTO in 2001.11._ you _ (go ) to the zoo with your parents last month ? No, I _.12.Mary usually _ (get) up at 6:30 last year .一般现在时的there be结构: There is / are + (就近原则)e.g.There is a book , a ruler and two pens on the desk. There are two books and a pen on the desk. There is a lot of food in the fridge . 一般现在进行时：概念：1).表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行的动作或发生的动作2). 当前一段时间内或现阶段正在进行的动作。（these days; at present 目前；this week 这周） 3).表即将来临的未来预定要做的事情，一般指个人计划要做的事，跟未来时间。结构：1.肯：主+am / is / are + v-ing （动词现在分词）+e.g. He is watching TV now .2.否：主+ am / is / are+not + v-ing+ e.g. He isnt watching TV now. 3一般疑问句：Am / Is / Are +主+ v-ing+.？回答： 肯：Yes , 主+am / is / are 否：No , 主+am /is / are +not e.g. Is he watching TV ? Yes , he is ./ No, he isnt .特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+am / is / are + v-ing ？e.g. What is he doing ?时间状语：1)now 2)at this time, at the moment ,these days 3)句前有 look , listen （并且句中没有情态动词） 4）铺垫语：Its eight . The students are having a class . 5) 通过上下文动词的现在分词的构成：1一般在动词原形末尾加-ing . go - going buy -buying 2.以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e ，再加-ing . write - writing have -having 3.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一字母，再加-ing . get - getting run - running 4. 以ie 结尾的动词，要变-ie 为-y，再加-ing . lie -lying die -dying tie - tying现在进行时练习题1 Listen ! They _ (sing ) .2 Look ! He can _ (swim) very well . He _ (swim) very fast now .3 Its 12:00 at noon ,we _ (have ) lunch .4 What _ you _ (look) for ? I _ (look ) for my pen .5 We _(work ) on a farm these days.6 Linda _ (sit) in the room now . She _(not do ) her homework , but she _ (play) the piano.7 There _ (be) some people in the park now. Some girls _ (dance) , some boys _ (play) football over there , some men and women _(sit) by the river . They _ (have) a good time.8 _ your sister Gina _ (read) a book at the moment ? No, she _.9 I _(leave) for Beijing tomorrow.10.What _Tom _(do) for vacation ?- He _(visit ) his uncle in Hong Kong .一般过去进行时： 概念：表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 结构：1.肯：主+ was/were + v-ing （动词现在分词）+e.g. He was doing his homework at eight last night .2.否：主+ was/were +not + v-ing+e.g. He wasnt doing his homework at eight last night3一般疑问句：Was /Were+主+ v-ing+？回答： 肯：Yes , 主+ was/were 否：No , 主+ was/were +not e.g. Was he doing his homework at eight last night ? Yes , he was . / No, he wasnt .特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ was/were + 主+ v-ing ？e.g. What was he doing ? 时间状语：(at) this time yesterday / last year , at that time/moment , from 8:0010:00 yesterday morning 或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 While 引导的过去时用状语从句，主句用过去进行时，或主从句均可用过去进行时。过去进行时练习题1.-What _ he _ (do) when the UFO arrived ? - He _ (sleep ) late when it arrived .2.What _ you _ (do) at seven last night ? I _ (watch ) TV.3._ your mother _ (make) a milk shake this time yersterday ? -Yes, she _.4.The girl _ (shop) when the alien got out .5. It _(rain) when the plane took off in London .6.My mother _ (cook) the meal while I _(do) my homework at five yesterday afternoon. 7.The students _(clean) the room from 4 to 5 yesterday afternoon.8. We _ (not have) English class at 10:00 last Friday. 一般将来时： 概念：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 结构：肯1）主+will +动原 e.g. Robots will do all the work in the future .2）主（I / We ）+ shall + 动原 e.g. I shall go out for a walk after supper .3）主+be (am / is / are ) going to + 动原+e. g. They are going to play basketball this afternoon.否1）主+will not (wont ) +动原2）主（I / We ）+ shall not (shant ) +动原+3）主+be (am / is / are )not going to + 动原+一般疑问句:1）Will +主（除了I / We ）+ 动原+ 其它？回答：Yes , 主+ will. No, 主+wont . e.g Will robots do all the work in the future ? Yes, they will . / No, they wont.2)Shall +主（只能是I /we ）+ 动原+ ？回答：Yes , 主+shall. No, 主+ shall not .e.g. Shall we go out for a walk ? Yes, we shall. / No, we shall not.3)Am / Is / Are +主+going to +动原+？回答： Yes , 主+ am / is / are . No, 主+ am not . / isnt /arent .特殊疑问句：1） 疑问词+will +主+动原+其它？ e.g. What will the life be like ?2）疑问词+shall +主+going to +动原+？3）疑问词+am / is / are +主+ going to +动原+？时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in +一段时间状语 （in two days / weeks / a few minutes , the day after tomorrow, in the future , later on （稍候，过后） , from now on . before long （不久） when ,as soon as , if 引导的时间状语从句中的主句将来时的特殊结构： be +动词不定式（to do ） 表预定等的将来动作，命令，安排e.g. You are to be back by 10 oclock this morning . 你要在今天上午10点回来。be about to 表正要/刚要去做某事 e.g. We are about to leave .我们正要走。* when , as soon as ,while ,before , after , until (not until ) 引导的时间条件状语从句，时态须遵循“主将从现”，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。（连词后面的叫从句）一般将来时的there be 结构某时或某人存在着某人或某事物There is going to be a / an +某时地 There are going to be +某时/地There will be a / an +某时地e.g. There is going to be a football match tomorrow.There are going to be two football matches tomorrow.There will be a football match tomorrow.There will be two football matches tomorrow.一般将来时练习题1. We _(come) to see you next week .2. How_ the world _ (be) different in the future ?3. _ they _ (have) a meeting the day after tomorrow ? -No, they _.4. Jack _ (come) back in two days.5. When _you _ (finish) the work ? We _ (finish) it by five this afternoon.6. My English is poor ,so I _ (work ) hard at it from now on .7. They _ (not plant ) trees there next year .8. If it _ (not rain ) tomorrow , we _ (have ) a picnic .9. I _ (tell ) him the news as soon as he _(come ) back .10. He _(be) a basketball player like Yaoming .11. Where _ Cheng Han _ (move) ?-Hes going to move to New York . 12.-I think I _ (stay) at home. If you do , youll be sorry.过去将来时：概念：过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将来要看发生的动作或存在的状态。 1.was/ were going to+动词原形 e.g.They said they were going to live in Beijing the next year.2. would/should+动词原形 e.g.The girl told us that she would never forget that day.*1主句为过去时，宾语从句常表示将要发生的事情。如： Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years. 没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事。 We didnt know whether she was going to speak at the meeting. 我们不知道她是否准备在会上发言。 2在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时，用过去将来时表示在当时看将来会发生的事。如： It was a Saturday afternoon. A young man named George had just left school. He was going to start to work the following week, so he decided to buy some new clothes and a new pair of shoes.一个星期六的下午，一位名叫乔治的年轻人刚离开学校。因为他准备下周开始工作，所以，决定买些新衣服和一双新鞋子。 现在完成时： 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去某一时间经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 结构： 1.肯：主+ have/has + done （动词过分词）+ e.g. I have seen the film.2.否：主+havent / hasnt ( have/has not )+done+ e.g. I havent seen her these days.3一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主+done？回答： 肯：Yes , 主+ have/has 否：No , 主+ have/has +not e.g. Have you seen the film ? Yes , I have . / No, I havent.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ have/has +主+ done？e.g. Where have you been ?时间状语：recently, lately, since August 2003 , since yesterday ,since two oclock,since 1980, since he came here, for five days(weeks,years), for a long time, for the past(last) in the past few years before , once ,twice ,ever , never , yet , already , so far, all morning(year), few years(months), by this time, these ten years(days), several times sometimes always 等现在完成时练习题1 The countryside _(change ) a lot in the past few years .2 _ you ever _ (visit ) the Forbidden City ?3 My uncle _ (live) in Beijing for 10 years .4 Harry _ (be ) in this school since 2001 .5 _ you ever _ (be ) to Shanghai ? Yes , I _. I _to Shanghai twice .6 I _ just _ (lose) my science book .7 We _never _ (meet ) her since last month .8 Where is Jane ? She _ (go) to the shops . Shell be back soon.9 I have _ (be ) to Nanjing and I have _ to Shanghai , but I havent _ to Wuxi yet .10.How long _ you _(study ) English ?方法点拨：当现在完成时表示过去的动作一直持续到现在，后跟“ since +点时间”或“for +段时间”的段时间状语时，谓语动词不能用瞬时的，短暂性的动词，即非延续性动词，而要用延续性动词。现总结常用的非延续性动词和与其对应的延续性动词，试比较：短暂性-延续性buy - have borrow - keep die - be dead go out - be out open - be open close - be closed fall ill - be ill begin / start- be on come / go to - be in / at move to - be in / atjoin - be in / be a member of leave - be away (from) arrive in / at be in / at e.g. 那部车我买了五年了。I have bought that car for 5 years . （）I have had that car for 5 years . ( )汤姆已经来了两个小时了。Tom has come here for two hours . ( )Tom has been here for two hours . ( )练习题：1. The old donkey _ ( die) and it _ since 3 days ago .2. He _ (fall ) ill three days ago . He _ ill for three days .3. They _ (join ) the Party last year . They _ in the Party since last year .4. Ma Hong _ ( leave ) from Beijing for two years .5. The bus _ (arrive ) here half an hour ago . It _ here for half an hour .6. His uncle _ ( borrow ) the book 3 weeks ago . He _ the book for 3 weeks .7. She _( come to ) this school since Septemper .8. This film _ (start ) half an hour ago . It _ since half an hour ago.现在完成进行时概念：1). 表从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可通用延缓到将来； 2).经常的反复的动作。结构： 1.肯：主+ have/has + been + v.-ing +e.g. I have been watching TV since six oclock.2.否：主+havent / hasnt (have not / has not )+been +.e.g. I havent been watching TV since six oclock.3一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主+been + v.-ing ？回答： 肯：Yes , 主+ have/has 否：No , 主+ have/has +not e. g. Have you been watching TV ? Yes , I have . / No, I havent .特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ have/has +主+ been + v.-ing ？ e.g. What has he been doing ?时间状语：since；for；all this time；this week/this month； all night, all the morning；recently等状语。现在完成进得进练习题：1.He _(watch) television all day.2.It _(rain) since last Sunday.3.Tom _(not teach) here these years.4.I _(wait) for two hours.5.Jack _(learn) English for four years.6.He _(watch)TV all the morning and has done nothing.7.She _(swim) for three and a half .8._ she _(work) on the paper(论文)all day ? No, she _.9.What book _ you _ (read) recently ?10.Tina _(do) morning exercises for years.* 现在完成时分“已完成”和“未完成”两种用法1.“已完成”指的是动作发生在过去，强调其对现在产生的影响。如：John has broken his left leg. 约翰摔断了左腿。(意思说他现在不能走路了，或者)I have seen this film. 我看过这部电影。(意思说我已经知道了电影的内容。)“已完成”这种用法一般不带时间状语，但可以和already, yet, beforeever, just, now等副词连用。如：Have you ever been to Qinghai ? 你去过青海吗?2. “未完成”指的是动作从过去开始，且一直继续到现在。因此不能用表示瞬间性的或称短暂性的动词。“未完成”的现在完成时常与since结构或“for+一段时间”的状语连用。如：e.g.I have lived here since I was born. 我一出身就住在这里。He has been a League member for three years. 他入团已有三年了。“未完成”这种用法还常与until now, so far, in/during the past/ l