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基础:英语字母: 英语中有26个字母,每一字母有大写形式和小写形式两种。大小写形式如下: A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h Ii J j K k L l M m N n O o P p Q q R r S s T t U u V v W w X x Y y Z z 一、名词复数规则 1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives Leafleaves 5不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, child-children foot-feet, tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 2、 一般现在时 一般现在时基本用法介绍 一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时的构成 1.be动词:主语 be(am,is,are) 其它。如: I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词:主语 行为动词( 其它)。如: We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加-s或-es。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 一般现在时的变化 1.be动词的变化。 否定句:主语 be not 其它。 如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句:Be 主语 其它。 如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + 一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。 否定句:主语 dont( doesnt ) 动词原形( 其它)。如: I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesnt构成否定句。如: He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+ 动词原形 其它。如:- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 动词 s的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies 三、现在进行时 1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be +动词ing. 3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词+ be +主语 +动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为:疑问词+ be+ 动词ing? 动词加ing的变化规则 : 1. 一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking 2以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting 3末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping 4、 将来时理论及练习 1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。 2.基本结构:be going to do; will do. 3. 否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。例如:Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 4. 同义句:be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow. 五、一般过去时 1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt) are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=werent) 3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 。否定句:didnt 动词原形,如:Jim didnt go home yesterday. 动词过去式变化规则: 1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:work_-worked , cook-cooked 2结尾是e加d,如:live_lived 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped 4.以“辅音字母 y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied 5不规则动词过去式: am/is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat 6、 人称代词和物主代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 I me my mine you you your yours he him his his she her her hers it it its its we us our ours具体用法 1.Hello 的用法:Hello 的意思为“您好”,一般可作为熟人,亲朋好友之间的打招呼用语,语气比较随便。 2.Whats your name?的用法:当两人初次见面互相询问姓名时,可用Whats your name?来提问,回答时,可用My name is .来回答,接着反问对方时,可用And whats your name?来提问。例如: Hi!Whats your name? 你好,你叫什么名字? Hi!My name is Lucy.And whats your name? 你好,我叫露西。你叫什么名字? My name is Wang Ying. 我叫王英。 句中的Whats是What is的缩写形式。 3.Good morning,class (teacher).的用法: Good morning,class.同学们好。 Good morning,teacher.老师好。 这是上午上课时,老师和全班同学互相问候时用语。Good morning 是上午问候时的用语,多用于熟人,朋友或家人之间,是比较正式的问候用语。 句中问候语放在前面,称呼语则要放在后面,并用逗号隔开。例如: Good morning.Mr.White.怀特先生,你好。 5.Are you?的用法。这是一疑问句型,意思是“你是吗?”用来询问姓名,职业,身份等。 例如:Are you a worker?你是一名工人吗? Are you a student?你是学生吗? 回答Yes,I am.(是的,我是。)或No,Im not.(不,我不是)来回答,注意Yes和No后面都有逗号,不能 省略。 6.Nice to meet you.的用法:这是两位初次见面相识后的用语,意思是“见到你很高兴。”见面相识可由自我介绍,第三者介绍或者询问相识。例如:Hello!Im Xiao Hua. 你好,我是小华 Hello!Im Xiao Li. 你好,我是小李。 Nice to meet you,Xiao Li.小李,见到你我很高兴。 Nice to meet you,too,Xiao Hua. 小华,见到你我也很高兴。 7.Where is ?的用法:这一句型表示“某物或某人在什么地方”。它同中文的句型结构不一样,where在前,而某物或某人在后,例如:Where is my book? 我的书在哪儿? Its there. 在这儿。 Where is Tom? Tom在哪儿? He is here. 他在这儿。 句中的where is可以缩写成“wheres”。 8.am,is和are 的用法:含义都为“是”,但用法比中文中的“是”要复杂,英语中的am,is 和are都是be 的变化形式,根据不同的主语选用不同的动词,主语I 用 am,表示复数的主语和单数“you”则要用are,其它则用is。 例如:I am a teacher. 我是教师。 You are a worker. 你是一个工人。 You are students. 你们是学生。 She is Miss Gao. 她是高小姐。 This book is mine.这本书是我的。 【与熟人打招呼】: 英美人一天中见面都要打招呼,根据一天中不同的时间选用不同的说法, 早上和上午时说Good morning,下午时说,Good afternoon,晚上见面时则 要说Good evening。 对方也用相同的问候语来回答。例如: Good morning,Mr.Green. Good morning,Miss Li. 【Sorry 的用法】: Sorry 表示“对不起”或“抱歉”,用于对自己的过错,失误,不能做某事或者不能提供对方的请求时常用sorry或者Im sorry来表示。例如: Can you spell your name? 你能拼一下你的名字吗?Im sorry.I cant. 对不起,我不能。 Whats the time,please? 请问几点钟了? Sorry,I dont know. 对不起,我不知道。 【Excuse me 的用法】:这是用于向某人询问一件事或提出请求而打扰某人时的用语。意思是“对不起”,“请问”。例如: Excuse me!Where is my bag? 对不起,我的包在哪儿呢? Excuse me!Are you Teacher Wang?对不起,请问你是王老师吗? 【Whats 的用法】:这个句型用于询问某人叫什么或者某个东西是什么,例如: Whats this?Its a book. 这是什么?这是一本书。 Whats your name? 你叫什么名字? My name is Lucy. 我叫Lucy. 小学必会必备的英语单词大全 一、学习用品: pen pencil pencil-case ruler book bag comic book post card newspaper schoolbag eraser crayon sharpener story-book notebook magazine 二、人体 : foot head face hair nose mouth eye ear arm finger leg tail 动物 : cat dog pig duck rabbit elephant ant kangaroo monkey fish bird panda bear lion tiger sheep goat cow donkey 三、人物 : friend boy girl mother father sister brother uncle man woman Mr Miss lady mom mother dad father parents grandparents grandpa grandma aunt cousin son classmate principal university student pen pal people 四、职业: teacher student doctor nurse driver farmer singer writer actor actress artist TV reporter engineer accountant policeman salesperson cleaner baseball player assistant policeman 五、颜 色: red blue yellow green white black pink purple orange brown食品 : rice bread beef milk water egg fish tofu cake hot-dog hamburger noodles meat chicken pork mutton vegetable soup ice-cream Coke juice tea coffee (breakfast lunch dinner) 六、水果,蔬菜: apple banana pear orange watermelon grape eggplant green-beans tomato potato peach cucumber strawberry onion carrot cabbage 七、衣服 jacket shirt T-shirt skirt dress jeans pants socks shoes sweater coat shorts sneakers slippers sandals boots hat 八、交通工具 bike bus train boat ship car taxi yacht taxi jeep van plane subway motor-cycle 九、杂物 window door desk chair computer board fan light teachers desk picture wall floor curtain trash bin closet mirror end table football present lamp phone sofa shelf fridge table air-conditioner photo plate knife fork spoon ball kite box violin e-card e-mail traffic light money medicine 10、 地点 home room bedroom bathroom living room kitchen classroom school park library post office hospital cinema bookstore farm zoo garden playground canteen teachers office gym washroom art room company factory fruit stand pet shop nature park theme park bank village city 11、 国家 China/PRC America/USA England Canada/CAN Japan French Spanish Italy Thailand Russia 12、 天气 cold warm cool snowy sunny hot rainy windy cloudy weather rain cloud 13、 景物 river lake stream forest path road house bridge building mountain sun sky 14、 植物 flower grass tree seed sprout plant leaf 15、 星期 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday weekend 16、 月份 January February March April May June July August September October November December month year 17、 季节 spring summer fall(autumn) winter 18、 方位 south north east west left right 19、 患病 have a fever hurt have a cold have toothache have a headache have a sore throat 20、 数词 One two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety first second third fourth fifth eighth ninth twelfth twentieth 二十一、形容词 big small long tall short young old strong thin active quiet nice kind strict smart funny tasty sweet salty sour fresh favorite clean tired excited angry happy bored sad fine great heavy new fat happy right little lovely beautiful colorful pretty cheap expensive sick better 二十二、介词 in on under near behind next to over in front to from to for 二十三、代词 I me my we us our you your he him his she her it its they them their 二十四、动词 Play swim skate fly jump walk run climb fight swing eat like have turn buy take live teach go study learn sing dance row do homework watch TV read books cook the meals water the flowers sweep the floor clean the bedroom make the bed set the table wash the clothes do the dishes use a computer do morning exercises eat breakfast eat dinner go to school have English class play sports get up climb mountains go shopping play the piano visit grandparents go hiking fly kites make a snowman plant trees draw pictures cook dinner read a book answer the phone listen to music clean the room write a letter write an e-mail drink water take pictures watch insects pick up leaves do an experiment catch butterflies count insects collect insect collect leaves write a report play chess have a picnic get to ride a bike play the violin make kites collect stamps meet welcome thank work look help pass show use clean open close stop wait drive send feel become think wear put on go home go to bed play computer games do housework empty the trash put away the clothes get off(on) take a trip go on a trip read a magazine go to the cinema 二十五、疑问词 what(什么) what color(什么颜色) what time(几点) what day(星期几) how(怎样) how old(年龄多大,几岁) how many(多少) how much (多少钱) how tall (多高) how heavy(多重) how long(多长) how big(多大) how large(面积多大) who(谁) when(什么时候) whose (谁的) where(在哪里) why(为什么) which(哪一个) 二十六、be动词 am is are was were 二十七、助动词:do does did 二十八、情态动词 can could should would will would 二十九、运动项目: 棋类Chess 游戏swimming 射箭Archery 田径Athletics 羽毛球Badminton 棒球Baseball 篮球Basketball 拳击Boxing 皮划艇Canoeing 自行车Cycling

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