lesson-1-Pub-Talk-and-the-Kings-English-高英课件.ppt

Lesson1PubTalkandtheKing sEnglish Aims Tolearnthemethodsindevelopinganexpositorywriting esp theuseofexamplesToknowhowtomakeagoodconversationTolearnthedifferencesbetween pubtalk andtheKing sEnglishToanalysethefeaturesofspokenEnglishToappreciatethelanguagefeatures 3 Teachingprocedure IntroductiontotheauthorWarming updiscussionsAnalysisofthetypeofwritingThemacro structureofthetextDetailedanalysisHomework 4 HenryFairlie 1924 1990British BornWriterOnAmericanPolitics NYTimes politicaljournalistandsocialcritic TheAuthor aBritishjournalistforTheSpectator whichhejoinedin1955 BeforethathehadbeenafeaturewriterforTheObserver1948 50 andapoliticaleditorialwriterforTheTimes1950 54 HewasalsoaregularcontributortoTheNewRepublicfromthemid 1970suntilhisdeathin1990 HerelocatedtotheUnitedStatesin1965toavoidaBritishlibel 诽谤 suit forhavingcalledhisone timeloverAntoniaFraserawhoreontelevision TheAuthor HecoinedthetermTheEstablishmentinhiscolumninTheSpectatoron23September 1955 Fairliewrote Bythe Establishment Idonotonlymeanthecentresofofficialpower thoughtheyarecertainlypartofit butratherthewholematrixofofficialandsocialrelationswithinwhichpowerisexercised TheexerciseofpowerinBritain morespecifically inEngland cannotbeunderstoodunlessitisrecognisedthatitisexercisedsocially 权利机构 社会关系网 Hisworks TheLifeofPolitics 1969 TheKennedyPromise 1973 TheSpoiledChildoftheWesternWorld TheMiscarriageoftheAmericanIdeainOurTime 1976 TheParties RepublicansandDemocratsinThisCentury 1978 TheSevenDeadlySinsToday 1978 AJourneyintoAmerica 1985 WithMaryGordonandAlexanderTheroux TheRevengeofFailure TheCultureofEnvyandRage 1994 Warm up Whatisthenatureoflanguage Howislanguagerelatedtoculture politics andsociety 9 Pre readingquestions Whatdoyouknowaboutpubs Whatdoyouthinkisagoodconversation Whatisyourviewon theKing sEnglish Whatdoesthetitlefirstimpressyou Isthetitleofthepieceaptlychosen Canyougiveabettertitle Thetitleofthispieceisnotwellchosen ItmisleadsthereadersintothinkingthatthewriterisgoingtodemonstratesomeintrinsicorlinguisticrelationshipbetweenpubtalkandtheKing sEnglish Whereasthewriter inreality isjustdiscoursingonwhatmakesgoodconversation Thewriterfeelsthatbarconversationinapubhasacharmofitsownandillustrateshispointbydescribingthecharmingconversationhehadwithsomepeopleoneeveninginapubonthetopic theKing sEnglish TheArtofGoodConversation would perhaps havebeenabettertitleforthispiece 11 HistoryofBritain ahistoryofinvasions 1 NativesinBritain CeltsLanguage Celt2 43AD RomanConquest ruledfor400yrsLanguage Latin3 449 Anglos Saxons JutesfromtheNorthwestGermanyconqueredmostpartofEnglandLanguage oldEnglish 12 4 9thcentury ScandinavianconquestLanguage Danish5 11thcentury NormanConquest 400yrsLanguage French6 BritishpeopleconqueredtheconquerorsLanguage Englishwonitsrecognition 13 HistoryofEnglish OldEnglish 7th 11thcenturies acombinationofthenativeCelticlanguage andthelanguageofJutes Anglo SaxonsfromNorthernEurope MiddleEnglish 11th 15thcenturies acombinationofEnglishandFrenchaftertheNormanConquest 1066 ModernEnglish 15thcentury present 20thCenturyEnglish Duringthe19thandearly20thcenturiesmanydictionariesandbooksaboutlanguagewerepublished NewwordsarestillbeingaddedtoEnglishfromotherlanguages includingChinese fengshui andJapanese karaoke Existingwordsgainnewsenses andnewexpressionsspreadquicklythroughtelevisionandtheInternet Englishisnowaninternationallanguageandisusedasameansofcommunicationbetweenpeoplefrommanycountries AsaresulttheinfluencesontheEnglishlanguagearewiderthaneveranditispossiblethatWorldEnglishwillmoveawayfromusingaBritishorAmericanstandardandestablishitsowninternationalidentity Whatdoyouthinkisthepurposeofvisitingapubormakingpubfriends ABritishPub AlongthebankofThames BritishPub Youhavetobe18yearsoldtoorderadrinkinapub Somepubswillallowpeopleover14yearsoldtogoinsideiftheyarewithsomeonewhoisover18 buttheyarenotallowedtogotothebarortohaveanalcoholicdrink BritishPub Open SUMMER Mon Sat 12 11 Sun 12 10 30 WINTER Mon Sat 5 11 Sun 12 10 30 BritishPub Mostpubshavenowaiters youhavetogotothebartobuydrinks Agroupofyouthswaiting45minutesbeforetheyrealizedtheywouldhavetofetchtheirown Thismaysoundinconvenient butthereisahiddenpurpose BritishPub Pubcultureisdesignedtopromotesociabilityinasocietyknownforitsreserve Standingatthebarforserviceallowsyoutochatwithotherswaitingtobeserved ThebarcounterispossiblytheonlysiteintheBritishIslesinwhichfriendlyconversationwithstrangersisconsideredentirelyappropriateandreallyquitenormalbehaviour BritishPub Pubs besidesofferingdrinksandfood serveasplacesformeetingfriendsandforentertainment Manyhave forinstance televisionsets amusementmachinesandjuke boxesandprovidefacilitiesforplayingdarts 飞镖 billiards 台球 dominoesandsimilargames Somealsoemploymusiciansforeveningentertainment suchaspianoplaying folksingingandmodernjazz juke boxes amachinethatautomaticallyplaysaselectedmusicalrecordingwhenacoinisinserted EnglishBitter BitteristraditionalBritishbeer alsoknownasale Itisquitestrongandleavesabittertasteinyourmouthafterdrinking Itisusuallyservedatroomtemperature Lightales ormildbrews containfewerhops 啤酒花 andarelessalcoholic Strongaleshaveahighalcoholiccontentandastrongflavour Wine WineisanincreasinglypopulardrinkintheUK housewine redorwhite CiderisatraditionalEnglishalcoholicdrinkmadefromapples WhiskyisastrongdrinkproducedinScotlandandinIreland Drinks InsummertimeapopulardrinkisPimmsandlemonade ThisisatraditionalcocktailofeitherPimmsNumber1 basedongin杜松子酒 orPimmsNumber6 basedonvodka togetherwithice citrus 柑橘属 fruits lemon orange lime andlemonade gingerale 干姜水 Cheese onioncrisps Itiscommontoaskforsnackstoeatwithyourdrink Commonsnacks crisps peanuts smokybaconandbeef Pubfriends Barfriendsarecompanions notintimates Theyarefriendsbutnotintimateenoughtobecuriousabouteachother sprivatelifeandthoughts Pubfriends Typeofliterature 1 Typeofliterature apieceofexposition2 Thepurposeofapieceofexposition toinformorexplain putforth expoundwithverifiablefactsandvalidinformationsothatthereaderwillaccepthispointofvieworexplanation Thereisgenerallya thesisstatement insuchwriting 3 Waysofdevelopingthethesisofapieceofexposition comparison contrast analogy identification illustration analysis definition etc IntroductiontothePassage Whatisthethesisstatement Thethesisisexpressedintheopeningsentence Conversationisthemostsociableofallhumanactivities Whatisthemainideaofthepassage Generaldiscussiononwhatmakesgoodconversation Detailedstudyofthetext Thetitle aninterestingpubtalkwhichcenteredaroundthemeaningofthephrase theKing sEnglish pubtalk conversationheldinpublichouse King sEnglish orQueen sEnglish SupposedlycorrectorstandardEnglish esp BritishEnglish astogrammarandpronunciation Conversation humanactivities Morethananyotherhumanactivity conversationhelpstopromoteanagreeable pleasantandinformalrelationshipamongpeople sociable friendlyoragreeable willingtotalkandengageinactivitieswithothers eg Beingasociableperson Evalovesentertaining TheSmithsareasociablefamily asociableparty社交聚会 Anditisanactivityonlyofhumans Andconversationisanactivitywhichisfoundonlyamonghumanbeings Animalsandbirdsarenotcapableofconversation Howeverintricate nameofconversation intricate verycomplicatedordetailed eg anintricatenetworkofcanals Howeverintricate nomatterhowintricateCommunicate togiveorchangeinformation signalsormessagesinanyway Deservethenameof tohavetherighttobecalled beworthyofthenameof indulge givewaytoone sowndesireeg Don tindulgeyourselftoofreelywithliquors indulgein allowtoenjoy becomeinvolvedineg Occasionallyheindulgedintheluxuryofagoodcigar Idon tindulgeinidlegossip indulgence n theactionorfactsofindulgingeg Constantindulgenceingamblingbroughtabouthisruins Howtounderstandthewholesentence Nomatterhowcomplicatedthemannerinwhichanimalsmakeknowntheirintentionstoeachother theydonotgoinforanyactivitywhichmightbecalledconversation Para 1 1 What sthemainideaofthisparagraph 2 Paraphrasethefirstsentence Para 2 Whatisthemainideaofthisparagraph whatmakesagoodconversation 1 Howdoyouunderstand meander leap sparkle andglow 44 Mixedmetaphor Stream meander flowslowlyturninghereandthere flowplacidlyandaimlesslyleap jumpover flowquicklyandjoyouslyonwardsFire sparkle burnbrightlywithflashesoflight glow burnsteadilywithoutflamemeander sparkle smooth peacefulleap glow exciting heated Whatdoesthissentencemean Itdoesnotneedaspecialtopictostartaconversation Anythingmaystartagoodconversation Andoncestartednooneknowshoworwhereitwillend That swhyconversationisdelightfulandcharming 2 Whataresomecharacteristicsofgoodconversation startsfromanywhereatanytime goesfreely Sent 1 2 isnotforconvincingothers Sent 3 4 requiresnowinners Sent 5 Agoodconversationalistletstheconversationgofreely Sent 6 8 Theenemy somethingtosay Goodconversationisgenerallyspoiltbypeoplewhothinktheyhavealotofimportantthingstosay Conversationisnotformakingapoint Conversationisnotforpersuadingotherstoacceptourideaorpointofview Inaconversationweshouldnottrytoestablishtheforceofanideaorargument makeapoint proveeffectivelytruthofone sstatementbyargumentorinsomeotherway 立论 证明观点ThisisthefirstpointIwanttomake Inthiscasehemadeapoint 在这一点上 他发表了自己的观点 ThereisnowinninginconversationInaconversation onedoesnottrytoproveoneselfrightandtheotherswrong Wemayarguebutweneedn ttrytoconvinceothersthattheyarewrongandweareright Infact thebestconversationalists Infact apersonwhoisskilledatconversationwillnotarguetowinorforceotherstoaccepthispointofview inaflash inasecond Inaflashherealizedthattheywerepresentsfromhispatients Everythinghappenedinaflash aflashinthepan 昙花一现 Theyarereadytoletitgo Theyarereadytogiveuptheopportunitytotelloneoftheirbestanecdotes becausetheconversationhasmovedontoothersubjects Upbringing thetrainingandeducationreceivedwhilegrowingupHisupbringingexplainsalotabouthisattitudetowardswomen Thisisanexaggerationoftheauthorforhedidn tgrowupinapub Hewasonlyafrequenterofpubs ofone sown belongstrictlytooneselfShehasamindofherown 她颇有主见 Forreasonsofhisown herefusedtojointheclub Howtounderstandthewholesentence PerhapsitisbecauseI vespentsomuchofmytimeinEnglishpubsthatIthinkbarconversationhasaspecialcharm Barfriendsarenotdeeplyinvolvedineachother slives Peoplewhomeeteachotherforadrinkinapubarenotintimatefriendsfortheyarenotdeeplyabsorbedineachother slives Thefactthat notaconcern Itisnotamatterofinterestorimportanceiftheirmarriagesarebreakingup ortheirloveaffairshavebrokenortheyarejustcrossorgrouchy ontherocks metaphor comparingamarriagetoashipwreckedontherocks tobeinaconditionofruinorcatastrophe ontherocks infmlclich 1 wreckedorruinedMr Jones businesswasontherocks Hisbusinesswaslosingmoneyandalmostruined 2 withiceonlySallyorderedanorangejuiceontherocks Sallyorderedanorangejuicewithicecubes Marriageiscomparedtoashipwreckedontherocks ontherolls在名单上ontherunadv 跑着 逃跑 奔走 被通辑着onthespotadv 当场 在危险中 处于负责地位 Ancientsuperstitions 1 getoutofbedonthewrongsidegetuponthewrongsideofthebedanidiomaticexpression Itmeanstobecrossorinabadtemperfortheday Themeaningisperhapsderivedfromtheexpression Yougotoutofbedthewrongway Itwasanancientsuperstitionthatitwasunluckytosettheleftfootonthegroundfirstgettingoutofbed Gettingoutofbedonthe wrongside willbringyou bad luck Thewrongsideisusuallythe left side Whenonegetoutofbedonthe wrong side itusuallymeansyou reinthe bad mood Gobacktobedandgetupontherightside 2 Steponaspider itissuretorain Thissuperstitionistoldtoallchildren becausenoonewantsittorain Spidersgenerallylivealongandhealthylife 3 Thenumber13hasoftenbeenthoughttobeabadomen Peopleshouldneverinvite 13 gueststodinner Itisbelievedthatonewilldiebeforetheyearisout 4 Fridaythe13th isdaytostayathomeanddonothing Itisdoublyunlucky whenthe13thofthemonthfallsonaFriday Bad thingswillhappen Manypeoplerefrainfromstartingactivitiesonthe 13th tomakesurenoevilwillhappentothem Theyarelikemusketeers andfeelings asimile ThethreemusketeersinDumas novelwereveryclosefriends Theysupportedeachotherwiththeirfortuneandtheirlives yettheyshowednocuriosityin nortriedtofindoutanythingabouteachother sprivatelives Barfriends likewise donotprobedeepintoeachother slivesnordotheytrytofindouttheinmostthoughtsandfeelingsoftheirdrinkingcompanions delve metaphor archaic todigwithaspade Hereitmeanstoinvestigateforinformation tosearchenergeticallydelveintothebook钻研书本delveintothepast调查过去的情况Ifyoudelveintosth youtrytodiscovernewinformationaboutit therecessesof theinnerhiddenpartsof DumasandTheThreeMusketeers AlexandreDumas 1802 1870 wasoneofthemostfamousFrenchwritersofthe19thcentury DumasisbestknownforhistoricaladventurenovelslikeTheThreeMusketeersandTheCountofMonteCristo bothwrittenwithinthespaceoftwoyears 1844 45 andwhichbelongtothefoundationworksofpopularculture Hewasamongthefirst alongwithBalzac whofullyusedthepossibilitiesofromanfeuilleton 通俗文艺作品 DumasiscreditedwithrevitalizingthehistoricalnovelinFrance althoughhisabilitiesasawriterwereunderdisputefromthebeginning Dumas worksarefast pacedadventuretalesthatblendhistoryandfiction DumasdelightedreadersinmanycountrieswithhishighlyromanticnovelsimmortalizingtheadventuresofthethreemusketeersandtheCountofMonteCristo Boththesenovelshavehadenormouspopularityandhavebeentranslatedintonearlyeverylanguage Heisbestknownforhisadventureandactionpackedhistoricalnovelslike TheCountofMonteCristo TheThreeMusketeers and TheManintheIronMask Para 3 1 What sthemainideaofthisparagraph 2 Explainthemetaphoricalmeaningof ontherocks andtheidiomaticexpression getuponthewrongsideofthebed 4 Whydoesthewriterlikebarconversationsomuch 5 Paraphrase Barfriendsarenotdeeplyinvolvedineachother slives desultory fml donewithoutanyparticularplanorpurpose Somethingthatisdesultoryisdoneorhappeninanunplannedanddisorganizedway andwithoutenthusiasm Thereweresomedesultoryattemptstodefendhim Hebegantolookdesultorilyforanotherapartment a conversation漫谈 research漫无边际的研究a walk漫步 commonplace adj ordinary commonDisposablecigarettelightersarecommonplace Airtravelhasnowbecome n Inearliercenturiesthedeathofchildrenwasacommonplace alchemy magictransformation theformofchemistrystudiedintheMiddleAges whichwasespeciallyconcernedwithtryingtodiscoverwaystochangeordinarymetalsintogold aliteraryuse thepowertodosth sowellthatitseemsmysteriousandmagical thealchemyofhisperformancemetaphor Howtounderstandthewholesentence Theconversationrambledalongaimlesslywithoutafocalsubject TheytalkedaboutthemostcommonthingsandalsomadesomeremarksabouttheplanetJupiter Thensuddenlyamagicaltransformationtookplaceandtherewasafocalsubjecttotalkabout Itwasnotsomethingthatwaspressingonhermind Itwasn tsomethinginhermindthatwascallingforimmediateattention Para 4 1 Whatwastheoccasiontheotherevening 2 Trytounderstandthemetaphor alchemy 3 Explain itwasnotsomethingthatwaspressingonhermind butherremarkfellquitenaturallyintothetalk AtypeofsciencethatpeopleusedintheMiddleAgestotrytochangeordinarymetalintogold Figurativelyusedhere meaningtheseeminglymiraculouschangeofathingintosomethingbetter amagicchange transformationofconversation Para 5 shorttransitionparagraph introducingthefocalsubjectoftheconversation theKing sEnglish asatermofcriticismTheterm theKing sEnglish isgenerallyregardedbymostpeopleasreferringtostandardorcorrectEnglish i e goodwhicheveryoneshouldtrytoimitate NowthespeakersaysthetermreferstoEnglishthatshouldnotbeused Insteadofpraising thetermisnowcriticizing Theglow intoflames metaphor Conversationisbeingcomparedtoafire Theconversationbecamespiritedandexciting affirmation affirm astatementofyourbeliefinandsupportforthemanaffirmationofbasichumanvaluesaffirmationofequality赞同平等 andofcoursethepromise madeinallsuchconversation morning Someofuspromised aspeopleusuallydoinallconversationwhentheycomeacrossanunsettledquestion tolookupreferencebooks dictionariesandsoon nextmorningtofindouttheexactmeaningoftheKing sEnglish Thatwouldsettleit Bylookingupreferencebooksonecouldsettletherightorwrongofanargument ThereferencebookswouldproveorrefutetheallegationofthespeakerthattheKing sEnglishisatermofcriticism buttheconversationdoesnotneedtobesettled however thereisnoneedtodecidewhoisrightorwronginaconversation itcouldstillgoignorantlyon Theconversationcouldgoonwithoutanybodyknowingwhowasrightorwrong Para 61 Explainthefigurativemeaningin burstintoflames 2 Whatpromisedidpeoplemakewhentherewasastrongargumentinaconversation 3 Whatdoesthelastsentencemean itcouldstillgoignorantlyon ItwasanAustralian ofconvicts WhenthespeakerexplainedthatthedefinitionwasgiventoherbyanAustralian herlistenersimmediatelymadesomesharpcuttingrepliessayingitwasnotsurprisingtohearAustralianstalksuchnonsensebecausetheyweredescendantsofconvictstartremarks sharp cuttingremarksdescendantsofconvicts implyingtheAustraliansarecrude uneducatedpeople Note5 convict apersonwhohasbeenfoundguiltyofacrimeandsenttoprisonesp foralongtimeanescapedconvictanex con前科犯Convictvt 证明 有罪 宣告 有罪Convictionn 深信 确信 定罪 宣告有罪guiltyofacrime Wehadtravelled Australia ThoughtheywereinanEnglishpub theyweresoontalkingaboutAustraliaandtheAustralians Ofcourse suchasociety ofcourseinAustraliawherethepeoplearedescendantsofconvicts hencebelongingtothelowerclasses therewillberesistancetotheuseoftheking sEnglish alanguageusedbytheupperclass Para 7Whatwastheresponseofthepeoplewhenthespeakerexplainthedefinitionof theking sEnglish What stheimpliedmeaningofmentioningthis WhoaresupposedtospeaktheKing sEnglish barrier obstacle difficulty barrier anobstaclethattemporarilyimpedesprogressbutisnotnecessarilyimpassable Writersnevertireofdepictingthebarriersthatarisebetweenparentsandgrowingchildren Thethickwallsandmoatsofcastleswerebuiltasbarriersagainstattackers 城堡修筑厚实的城墙及护城河都是为了将其用作防御进攻的障碍物 difficulty themostgeneralofthewordsandmaybeappliedlooselytoanytroublesomestateofaffairstohavedifficultyinlearninghighermathematicsthedifficultyofdrivingacarthroughdeepmud obstacle somethingthatonemusteitherremoveorgoaroundbeforebeingabletoproceedThehugetreethathadbeenblowndownbythestormwasanobstacletotraffic Healthmayoftenbeanobstacletoachild sprogressinschool churl olduse apersonoflowbirth esp apeasantn 农业工人 乡下人 粗野的人 吝啬鬼Afarmlaborer peasantChurlishadj Lookatthelanguage conquerors TheNormanrulers kingandnob