Lithium-Ion-Battery.ppt

1 AdvancedBatteries 先进电池 LithiumIonBattery 锂离子电池 2 LithiumIonBattery 锂离子电池 Introduction 简介 Theoreticalandpracticalspecificenergy 理论与实际具体能量 Chargeanddischarge 充电与放电 Charge 充电 Competingreactions 兢争反应 Overcharge 过量充电 Chargestrategies 充电的方法 Discharge 放电 Effectsofelectrolyteconcentrationandtemperature 电解质濃度与温度效应 Effectsofselfdischargeandoverdischarge 自动放电与过量放电效应 Failuremodeandadvantages disadvantages 失败型式与忧劣点 Manufacturerecycleandnewdevelopment 生产回收与新发展 3 Introduction 简介 InventedbyDr GoodenoughatU Texasin1982andbecamecommerciallyavailablein1991 Sony BothlithiumcobaltoxideandcarbonelectrodesareintercalationelectrodesHavesafetyissuesforapplicationsinHEVandplug inHEVItis5billiondollarsindustryforapplicationsinportableelectronics totalbatteryindustry 30billiondollars 4 Introduction 简介 PositiveelectrodesLayeredlithiummetaloxide LiMO2 M cobalt nickel manganese aluminum orcombinationoftwotothreemetals spinel 尖晶石 lithiummanganeseoxide LiMn2O4 andlithiumironphosphate LiFePO4 onaluminumcurrentcollectorNegativeelectrodesCarbonorgraphiteoncoppercurrentcollectorSeparatorsCelgardmicroporous polyethylene orceramicseparatorsElectrolyteLiPF6dissolvedinethylenecarbonate EC Solventwithhighdielectricconstant 89 6at40 C Lithiumsaltwithhighconductivity0 005S cmascomparedto0 5S cmforaqueouselectrolyte 5 CarbonNegativeElectrode 炭负电极 Preventlithiummetaldeposition orformationoflithiumdendrite LithiummetaldepositioncouldstillhappenduringrapidchargewhenTemp 5 CDendritecouldcauseshortcircuitandthermalrunaway 6 Introduction 简介 7 LithiumIonBattery 锂离子电池 Introduction 简介 Theoreticalandpracticalspecificenergy 理论与实际具体能量 Chargeanddischarge 充电与放电 Charge 充电 Competingreactions 兢争反应 Overcharge 过量充电 Chargestrategies 充电的方法 Discharge 放电 Effectsofelectrolyteconcentrationandtemperature 电解质濃度与温度效应 Effectsofselfdischargeandoverdischarge 自动放电与过量放电效应 Failuremodeandadvantages disadvantages 失败型式与忧劣点 Manufacturerecycleandnewdevelopment 生产回收与新发展 8 TheoreticalSpecificEnergy 理论具体能量 LithiumionbatteryhalfcellreactionsCoO2 Li e LiCoO2E 1VLi C6 e LiC6E 3VOverallreactionduringdischargeCoO2 LiC6 LiCoO2 C6Eoc E E 1 3 01 4V 9 TheoreticalSpecificEnergy 理论具体能量 Freeenergychange G duringdischarge G nFE 1 96500 4 386000J 386kJ 107 2Wh moleTotalweightofreactantsCoO2 LiC6 LiCoO2 C6CoO2 91gramsLiC6 79gramsTotalweight 170grams 0 17kg moleTheoreticalspecificenergy107 2Wh 0 17kg 630 6Wh kgTheoreticalenergydensity107 2Wh 0 055L 1949Wh L 10 PracticalSpecificEnergy 实际具体能量 Practicalspecificenergyupto30 theoreticalspecificenergy 630 6Wh kg dueto Voltagelosses upto10 Lessinactiveweight 35 CurrentcollectorsTabsandterminalsElectrolyteCarboninnegativeelectrodeUtilizationofactivematerial 50 Intercalationelectrodes 11 LithiumIonBattery 锂离子电池 Introduction 简介 Theoreticalandpracticalspecificenergy 理论与实际具体能量 Chargeanddischarge 充电与放电 Charge 充电 Competingreactions 兢争反应 Overcharge 过量充电 Chargestrategies 充电的方法 Discharge 放电 Effectsofelectrolyteconcentrationandtemperature 电解质濃度与温度效应 Effectsofselfdischargeandoverdischarge 自动放电与过量放电效应 Failuremodeandadvantages disadvantages 失败型式与忧劣点 Manufacturerecycleandnewdevelopment 生产回收与新发展 12 ChargeandDischarge 充电与放电 Lithiumbatteriescannotuseaqueouselectrolyte 13 ChargeandDischarge 充电与放电 Overallreactionduringcharge 充电 LiCoO2 C6 CoO2 LiC6 theoretical LiCoO2 C6 Li1 xCoO2 LixC6 actual 14 ChargeandDischarge 充电与放电 Overallreactionduringdischarge 放电 CoO2 LiC6 LiCoO2 C6 theoretical Li1 xCoO2 LixC6 LiCoO2 C6 actual 15 CompetingReactions 兢争反应 Lithiumbatteriesusenon aqueouselectrolytesNeitherhydrogennoroxygenevolutionoccursduringnormalchargeordischarge 16 LithiumIonBattery 锂离子电池 Introduction 简介 Theoreticalandpracticalspecificenergy 理论与实际具体能量 Chargeanddischarge 充电与放电 Charge 充电 Competingreactions 兢争反应 Overcharge 过量充电 Chargestrategies 充电的方法 Discharge 放电 Effectsofelectrolyteconcentrationandtemperature 电解质濃度与温度效应 Effectsofselfdischargeandoverdischarge 自动放电与过量放电效应 Failuremodeandadvantages disadvantages 失败型式与忧劣点 Manufacturerecycleandnewdevelopment 生产回收与新发展 17 Overcharge 过量充电 OverchargeNegativeelectrodeThecapacityofcarbonelectrodeisnormallylargerthanthatofpositiveelectrodetopreventlithiummetaldepositionPositiveelectrodeLiMO2electrodeisoxidizedandoxygenreleased exothermicreaction Thermalrunaway 热失控 Moreseverethanheatgenerationassociatedwithoverchargeofleadacidornickelmetalhydridebatteries 18 Overcharge 过量充电 Positiveelectrodeisoxidizedandoxygenreleased exothermicreaction 19 ChargeStrategies 充电的方法 Monitor controlSOC DODforeverycellduringcharge anddischarge andtakefullychargedcellsoutfromthecircuitGuarantysafetyoperationProlongcyclelifeImplicationsofmonitor controleverycellNeedseparateconnectionsfromcontrollertoeverycellIsfeasibleinbatterypackwithasingleseriesstring HEV Couldbeverycomplexwithbatterypackwithmulti parallelstrings plug inHEV 20 ChargeBalance orSynchronization充电平衡 Astringofcellsinseriesisgovernedbythe weakest cellCausesofweakcellCurrentleakageTemperaturevariationMoreseriousselfdischargeNeedtodochargebalancing orsynchronizing HEVEV 21 ChargeBalance orSynchronization充电平衡 ChargebalancingforleadacidornickelmetalhydridebatteriesCanbedonebychargingallthecellsinseriesOverchargethegoodcellssimultaneouslyHeatgenerationfromchargingthegoodcellscouldbeaproblemChargebalancingforlithiumionbatteriesChargeweakcellsspecificallybytakinggoodcellsoutfromthecircuitAvoidthermalrunawayproblems 22 LithiumIonBattery 锂离子电池 Introduction 简介 Theoreticalandpracticalspecificenergy 理论与实际具体能量 Chargeanddischarge 充电与放电 Charge 充电 Competingreactions 兢争反应 Overcharge 过量充电 Chargestrategies 充电的方法 Discharge 放电 Effectsofelectrolyteconcentrationandtemperature 电解质濃度与温度效应 Effectsofselfdischargeandoverdischarge 自动放电与过量放电效应 Failuremodeandadvantages disadvantages 失败型式与忧劣点 Manufacturerecycleandnewdevelopment 生产回收与新发展 23 EffectsofElectrolyteConcentration 电解质濃度效应 OverallreactionduringchargeLiCoO2 C6 Li1 xCoO2 LixC6OverallreactionduringdischargeLi1 xCoO2 LixC6 LiCoO2 C6ElectrolytedoesnotinvolveinchargeordischargereactionsHighpowerBettercyclelife 24 EffectsofDischargeRateonCapacity 放电速率对电容量的效应 Capacityaffectedbydischargeratemorethannickelmetalhydridebatteries 25 EffectsofTemperature 温度效应 Optimaloperatingtemperatureforlithiumionbatteriesisbetween25and40 CT 60 C batterycharacteristicsdeterioraterapidlyThemeltingpointofECisbetween34and37 CT120 CThermalrunaway 26 FormationofSEI 固态电解质界面 Theelectrolyte ethylenecarbonate EC isnotthermodynamicallystablewithlithiumSEIisformedoncarbonorgraphiteparticlesduringthefirstcharge Liactivematerialwasted SEIpropertiesSEIhasporousstructure moreporousifSEIformationstepsarenotoptimized SEIisionicconductor electronicinsulator ethylenecarbonate Li duringcharge Li duringdischarge 27 LithiumIonBattery 锂离子电池 Introduction 简介 Theoreticalandpracticalspecificenergy 理论与实际具体能量 Chargeanddischarge 充电与放电 Charge 充电 Competingreactions 兢争反应 Overcharge 过量充电 Chargestrategies 充电的方法 Discharge 放电 Effectsofelectrolyteconcentrationandtemperature 电解质濃度与温度效应 Effectsofselfdischargeandoverdischarge 自动放电与过量放电效应 Failuremodeandadvantages disadvantages 失败型式与忧劣点 Manufacturerecycleandnewdevelopment 生产回收与新发展 28 EffectsofSelfDischarge 自动放电效应 Selfdischargerateisproportionaltostoragetemperature 18650LiCoO2 Cbattery Sanyo 29 EffectsofOverdischarge 过量放电效应 AbuseTolerance错误容忍度 Structuraldegradationofactivematerialinpositiveelectrodeduetothelargercapacityofcarbon negative electrode 30 LithiumIonBattery 锂离子电池 Introduction 简介 Theoreticalandpracticalspecificenergy 理论与实际具体能量 Chargeanddischarge 充电与放电 Charge 充电 Competingreactions 兢争反应 Overcharge 过量充电 Chargestrategies 充电的方法 Discharge 放电 Effectsofelectrolyteconcentrationandtemperature 电解质濃度与温度效应 Effectsofselfdischargeandoverdischarge 自动放电与过量放电效应 Failuremodeandadvantages disadvantages 失败型式与忧劣点 Manufacturerecycleandnewdevelopment 生产回收与新发展 31 FailureMode 失败型式 Normalcharge dischargeoperation 正常充放电操作 Structuraldegradationofactivematerialinpositiveelectrode LiCoO2andLiMn2O4 Activelithiumconsumedinsidereactions thickeningofSEI RatecapabilitylosscausedbythehighimpedanceofSEIStorage 储存 Activelithiumconsumedinsidereactions thickeningofSEI Thermalrunaway 热失控 32 ThickeningofSEI 固态电解质界面变厚 Chargedischargecycles 充放电 VolumechangesinthegraphiteparticlescrackSEIandexposefreshLitoelectrolyte EC Storage 储存 calendarlife Ethylenecarbonate EC diffusethroughSEI pores andreactwithLiinsideSEI 33 ThermalRunaway 热失控 Overcharge 过量充电 ExothermicreactionofoxidizedpositiveelectrodematerialwithelectrolyteHighambienttemperature 高气温 SEIdecompositionattemperature90to120 CShortcircuit 短路 InternalExternalHighchargeordischargecurrent 高电流 34 CycleLife 循环寿命 CyclelifedependsondepthofdischargelongerlifewithshallowDODcycles lessstructuraldegradationandthickeningofSEI CyclelifedependsontemperatureLongerlifewithoptimaloperatingtemperatures between25and40 C Morethan2000cyclesachievedfordeepdischargeCalendarlifedependsonstateofchargeandstoragetemperature 35 AdvantagesandDisadvantages 忧劣点 Advantages 忧点 VeryhighenergyandpowerExcellentchargeretentionDiversifiedpositiveandnegativeelectrodesforvariousapplicationDisadvantages 劣点 SafetyconcernsHighcost controlsystems LithiumdepositionduringchargeatlowtemperatureShortcalendarlife 36 LithiumIonBattery 锂离子电池 Introduction 简介 Theoreticalandpracticalspecificenergy 理论与实际具体能量 Chargeanddischarge 充电与放电 Charge 充电 Competingreactions 兢争反应 Overcharge 过量充电 Chargestrategies 充电的方法 Discharge 放电 Effectsofelectrolyteconcentrationandtemperature 电解质濃度与温度效应 Effectsofselfdischargeandoverdischarge 自动放电与过量放电效应 Failuremodeandadvantages disadvantages 失败型式与忧劣点 Manufacturerecycleandnewdevelopment 生产回收与新发展 37 ManufactureandRecycle 生产与回收 ManufactureSpirallywoundcellsDryseparatorduringassemblyFormation SEI 38 ManufactureandRecycle 生产与回收 PouchcellsLowerrecyclingratethanleadacidbatteries 39 ManufactureandRecycle 生产与回收 A 123 40 NewDevelopment 新发展 Positiveelectrode 正电极 Layeredoxides 2D LiCoO2Li Co Ni O2LiCo1 3Ni1 3Mn1 3O2 L 333 Spinel 尖晶石3D LiMn2O4Olivine 橄榄石1D LiFePO4 4 41 NewDevelopment 新发展 Positiveelectrode 正电极 SpinelmoreproventhanolivineexceptahightemperatureSpinelhasrelativelylowercapacity 119vs 150or160Ah kgforothermaterials andsolubilityproblemsOlivinehasverylowconductivity 42 ThermalStabilityofPositiveElectrodes 正极材料的稳定度 43 NewDevelopment 新发展 OtherpossiblepositiveelectrodesLiMXO4 特例 LiFePO4 44 NewDevelopment 新发展 Spinelnegativeelectrode 负电极 Lithiumtitanate Li4Ti5O12 AdvantagesLittleornoSEIformationAtlowervoltagelithiumisthermodynamicallystableinelectrolyteEnablingtheuseofnanotechnologyRapidchargeanddischargewithnanoparticlesDisadvantagesLowervoltageLowelectroniccoductivity additives 45 NewDevelopment 新发展 Lithiumalloynegativeelectrodes 负电极 VolumechangeandSEIproperties 3884 46 NewDevelopment 新发展 Lithiumalloynegativeelectrodes 负电极 47 NewDevelopment 新发展 Lithiumalloynegativeelectrodes 负电极 48 NewDevelopment 新发展 Li C Sicompositenegativeelectrode 负电极 Li2 2Si 2050Ah kg 49 NewDevelopment 新发展 Otherpossiblenegativeelectrodes 负电极 50 NewDevelopment 新发展 ChargebalanceElectroniccontrolChemicalshuttleElectrolyteNon flammableelectrolytesElectrolyteswithlowersolubilityforLiMn2O4electrodeElectrolytesformingSEIwithbetterpropertiesHigherionicconductivityLowerporosityandg