人教版七年级下册 冠词.doc

人教版七年级下册 冠词本次课要点提示一、本课词汇：pal n.好朋友;伙伴 pen pal 笔友Canada 加拿大 France 法国Japan 日本 the United States 美国Australia 澳洲;澳大利亚 Singapore 新加坡the United Kingdom 英国 country n. 国家Sydney 悉尼 New York 纽约Paris 巴黎 Toronto 多伦多Tokyo 东京 live v.居住language n.语言 Japanese n.日语;日本人world n. 世界 French n.法国人;法语like n.(pl.)爱好 dislike v.讨厌;不喜欢;n.反感;厌恶(的对象)post n.邮件;邮递 office n.办公室;事务所post office 邮局 library n.图书馆restaurant n.餐馆;饭店 bank n.银行supermarket n.超级市场 St. abbr.(=street)街;街道street n. 街;街道 pay 付钱;支付pay phone n.投币式公用电话 park n.公园ave abbr.(=avenue)大街;林荫道 avenue n.大街;林荫道center n.中央;中心 bridge n.桥mail n.邮件;邮政 there adv.在那里near prep.在-附近 across prep.横过;在对面across from 在-对面 next prep.紧靠-的旁边;贴近next to 紧靠-的旁边;贴近;最接近 between 介于(两者或多者)之间front 前面;前边 in front of 在-前面behind 在-之后 neighborhood n.附近;街区;附近地区just adv.直接地;就;只;仅仅 straight adv.一直;直接二、本课语法：冠词冠词是一种虚词,用在名词或名词词组的前面,表示名词是特指还是泛指。冠词可分为不定冠词和定冠词两种形式。 不定冠词有 a, an。 定冠词有 the. 其中, a 用在发音以辅音开头的名词之前, 而 an 则 用在发音以元音开头的名词之前。2.1不定冠词的用法:1) 表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。 I gave him a book yesterday. I am reading an interesting story. There is a tree in front of my house.我昨天给了他一本书。 我在读一个有趣的故事。 我的屋前有一棵树。 2) 表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。 A horse is useful to mankind. A bird can fly. A steel worker makes steel.马对人类有用。 鸟会飞。 炼钢工人炼钢。3) 不定冠词用在事物的单位前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示 每一。 We often go to school two times a day. I went to the library once a week at least.我们常常一天两次去学校。 我一星期至少去一次图书馆。 The potato is sold at about 3 dollars a kilo. 土豆卖三毛钱一斤。 4) 不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。 A boy came to see you a moment ago. I got this tool in a shop. We need a car now. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。 我在商店买的这件工具。 我们现在需要一辆车。She is ill, she has to see a doctor. 她病了，她得去看病。 5) 不定冠词用于某些词组。 a few 几个 a little 有点 She has a few friends in this city. There is a little milk in the bottle.她在这个城市中有几个朋友。 瓶子里有点牛奶。Only a few students are in the classroom. 只有几个学生在教室里。 2.2定冠词的用法。 1) 定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。 The bag in the desk is mine. Is this the book you are looking for?桌子里的书包是我的。 这是你要找的书吗?Do you know the man in back? It is not the car we are looking for.你知道穿黑色衣服的人是谁吗？ 这不是我们要找的车。The man has found his child. 那个人找到了他的孩子。 2) 定冠词用来指上文中已提到过的人或事物。 I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 15 yuan. 我从新华书店买了一本书. 这本书值十五元。 I saw a film yesterday. The film was ended at eight oclock. 我昨天看了一场电影。电影八点钟结束的。 Lucy bought a radio yesterday, but she found something was wrong with the radio. 露西昨天买了一台收音机，但是她发现收音机有问题。 3) 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。 the sun the moon the earth the sky the world the winter night The sun is bigger than the moon. I can see a bird in the sky太阳比月亮大。 我能看到天空中有一只小鸟 I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening. 我愿晚上在明亮的月光下散步。 4)定冠词与某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化, 表示某一类人。 the poor, the rich, the wounded, the sick, the deaf. The wounded were brought to the hospital. He always helps the poor. The deaf can go to this special school.受伤者被送到了医院。 他经常帮助穷人 耳聋者可以进这所特殊学校上学。5) 用在序数词, 形容词最高级和表示方位的名词前。 This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited. I saw a plane coming from the east.这是我在中国参观的最大的城市。 我看见一架飞机从东方飞来。He is the last one to help me. 他不会来帮助我的。 6) 定冠词用在演奏乐器的名称和文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。 The little girl likes to play the violin. They are going to the cinema tonight. The theater was on fire last week.小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。 他们今晚要去影院看电影。 剧院昨天着火了。7) 定冠词用在报刊,杂志的名称的名词之前。 I am reading the China Daily now. Do you get the Evening Paper yet?我现在正读中国日报。 你拿到晚报了吗?The Times is a foreign newspaper. The Peking Review is on the desk.泰晤士报是一家外国报纸。 北京周报在桌子上放着8) 定冠词用在江河,海洋,山脉,群岛的名称之前。 We live near the Yellow River. The Chang Jiang River is the biggest one in China. The Himalayas is in Tibet.我们住在黄河边上。 长江是中国最大的河。 喜马拉雅山位于西藏。9) 定冠词用在姓名复数之前,表示一家人。 The Greens is very kind to us. The Whites like the classic music.格林一家人待我们很好。 怀特一家喜欢古典音乐。2.3不用冠词的场合。 1) 专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词之前一般不用冠词。 I think water is a kind of food, too. Cotton feels soft. 我认为水也是一种食物。 棉花摸起来柔软。 2) 表示日常餐食名词之前不用冠词,但如果指具体的饮食时用定冠词 the。 Its time for breakfast. What do you have for lunch? The dinner I had at that restaurant was expensive.该吃早饭了。 你午饭吃点什么? 我在那家饭店吃的饭很贵。3) 在季节,月份,星期,节日。球类运动,棋类游戏的名词之前不用冠词。 Summer is hot and winter is cold here. New Years Day is coming. Today is the first day of May.这儿夏天热冬天冷。 新年就要到啦。 今天是五月的第一天。We are going to play basketball this afternoon. We dont like mahjong.今天下午我们要去打篮球。 我们不太喜欢麻将4)语言的名称前不用冠词。 Can you speak English? Its difficult to learn Chinese well. Tom knows English but he doesnt know French.你会讲英语吗？ 要学好中文很难。 汤姆懂英语但不懂法语。5) 某些固定词组不用冠词。 by air, on foot, at night, after school, at home, go to class, in fact, from morning till night. Im going to Chicago by air next week. I go to school on foot .下周我要乘飞机去芝加哥。 我步行去学校上学。In fact, I dont know him at all. He is at home today.实际上，我一点也不认识他。他今天在家。三、例题解析1 Mr. Li is old worker.A a B an C some D /答案B.析an用于元音音素开始的单词前。2 English is useful language in world.A an, the B a, the C the, / D /,the答案B.析因useful的第一个音素是j，它是辅音音素。3 What interesting book it is?A a B an C the D /答案B.析这是感叹句，因为移到原一般句前面的强调部分中有可数名词book,所以应加冠词，而interesting的第一音素是元音所以要加an。4 He will be back in hour.A / B the C a D an答案D.析因hour的首字母h不发音。5 There is map in the classroom. map is on the wall.A a, A B the, The C a, The D the ,A答案C.析在文章中首次提到某人或某物时用不定冠词，而第二次再提到该物或人时应用定冠词。6 Look at picture! Theres house in it.A a ,a B the, the C a, the D the, a答案D.析虽然是第一次提到，但在句中的语言是让对方看某一特定的图画，所以应选择D。7 There is orange in the bottle.A a B an C the D /答案D.析这里的orange是指桔汁而不是一个个的桔子。 8 Beijing is capital of our country.A the B an C / D a答案A.析capital之后有of结构则要用定冠词。9 If you work hard at English, youll get “A” in the test.A an B / C the D a答案A.析因字母A的第一音素是元音。10 He usually goes to school on foot.A a B an C the D /答案D.析on foot意为走路上学，是习惯用法。四、举一反三4.1 在空白处填入a / an 或the。1. -Mum, what shall we have for _dinner?-Dumplings.-Oh, what _ wonderful dinner! I enjoy it very much.2. _ PLA was founded on _August 1st,19273. _ Kings came to us at _ noon.4. The scientists from _ United States live in _ Ninth Street.5. The doctor to him, “Take _ medicine twice _day. Stay in _ bed and youll be better soon.”6. September 10th is _ Teachers Day.7. Mr. Black arrived here on _ Tuesday morning.8. There are four seasons in _year. _ first season is spring. It is _ best one of _ four.9. Some people have been to _moon, in _ spaceship.10. _ China is _ old country with _ long history4.2 选择填空： A. / B. a C. an D. the1. They are living _happy life now.2. _bag on _desk is mine.3. There is _empty box on the table.4. Do you like _music of the film “Titanic”?5. On _Saturday, I stay in _bed till 12:00.6. _Browns have been to China twice.7. Dont make any noise in _class.8. This is such _interesting story that you must listen to it.9. Next week they will go to Australia by _air.10. Which is bigger, _sun or _moon?五、知识巩固5.1 选择填空1.I read _story. It is _interesting story.A. A.a, an B. a, a C. the, the D. /, an2. 2.Britain is _ European country and China is _ Asian country.A. A.an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a3. 3._China is _ old country with _ long history.A. A.The, an, a B. The, a, a C. /, an, the D. /, an, a4. 4._elephant is bigger than _ horse.A. A./, / B. an, a C. An, a D. /, the5. 5.We always have _rice for _lunch.A. A./, / B. the, / C. /, a D. the, the6. 6.It took me _ hour and _ half to finish _ work.A. A.a, a, a B. an, a, a C. an, a, the D. an, a, /7. _ doctor told me to take _ medicine three times_day, stay in _bed, then I would be better soon.A. /, a, a, the B. A, the, the, / C. The, the, a, / D. A, /, a, /8. There is _ picture on _ wall. I like _ picture very much.A. a, the, the B. a, the, a C. the, a, a D. a, an, the9. January is _first month of the year.A. a B. / C. an D. the10. Shut _door, please.A. a B. an C. the D./11. Einstein won _ Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.A. a B. an C. the D. /12. What _ fine day it is today! Lets go to the Summer Palace.A. a B. an C. the D. /13. I like music, but I dont like _ music of that TV play.A. a B. an C. the D. /14. _ girl over there is _ English teacher.A. The, an B. A, / C. The, / D. A, a15. Its _ exciting way to shop on the Net.A. a B. an C. the D. /16. She was _ founder of _ order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity.A. a, an B. a, / C. the, / D. the, an17. Xian is _ old city with _ long history, isnt it?A. a, an B. an, a C. the, the D. the, a18. Nancys sister is _ English teacher, isnt she?A. a B. an C. the D. /19. Chaffs is_ boy, but he can play the guitar very well.A. an eight-years old B. a eight-year-oldC. a eight-