考研写作强化班-刘晓艳

考研写作课程 刘晓艳 一课程设置 作文概述单词句子句子的改写和扩写段落论述文章 一写作概述 写作题型 评分原则和方法1题型2原则和方法黄金原则一书写工整 卷面整洁 字迹清晰黄金原则二语言第一 结构第二内容第三 二 考研写作常见问题1单词常见问题 A单词匮乏 重复使用 B编造词汇 dreamboat tomypoint accordingtomyopinionC用词不准确 D语域问题a缩写词非正式b泛指的不定代词youoneyouneverknowwhatmeasuresthepresidentwilltake C正式问题的引导词that不能省略 d做定语或状语的短语themanstandinginthecornerlookssofunny hecriedwitharoseinhishands e插入语使句子更具正式性E拼写错误 2 语法常见问题 A 单复数问题 老师就像油灯一样B 冠词使用问题C 主谓一致问题 D 时态一致问题 E 词性误用问题F 中文思维的问题G并列结构不一致的问题 二 结构上的问题结构指的是段落的安排和句子之间的衔接和连贯1缺少连词2乱用连词3随意分段 三 内容上的问题文章偏题或无内容可写 抓住个别细节进行错误引申提纲规定的内容漏写论述空洞宽泛 二节写作满分表达和练习 一 简单句1 被动1 当汉语用人们 我们或有人作主语时 2 汉语的无主句也喜欢用 我们应该孝敬父母 Parentsshouldberespectedbyus ShouldOughttoBesupposedtoBeobligedto We thepublicprivateindividualsthefolkyoungstersteenagersparents expertsandprofessorsallchildrenandadultsallhumanbeingsmenandwomeninallwalks 我们不应该盲目追星 Superstarsshouldnotbepursuedblindlybyus NotNeverSeldomBynomeansFailto 污染很严重pollutionisthoughtveryseriousbyanincreasingamountofprivateindividuals ThinkHoldargueContendassumepresumeInsistmaintainassertclaim BeoftheopinionthatHavebeenconvincedthatClingtotheperspectivethat VeryPrettyquiteratherDistinctlyoutstandinglyRemarkablyexceedinglyEspeciallyextraordinarilyEnormously seriousGraveseverefearfulBeofgreatseverity 二 therebe句型Therearemanyreaonsexplainthephenomenon BeLooksmelltastefeelsoundSeemproveappearexistBecomegetKeepremain ManyAseaofahostofamultitudeofAtrainofanarmyof ImmenseamountsofNumerousinnumerableAbundantplentiful CausesFactorselements explainaccountforleadtogiverisetocontributetoBeresponsiblefor ThereislittledoubtthatTherearethosewhoclaimthat ThereisstrongevidencetoshowthatThereisagrowingworldwideawarenessaroundtheworldthatThereexist remain appear prove 3比较结构1 as as Liuisverygraceful Liulooksasgracefulasaredredrose whocantakemanypeople sbreathaway 他很丑Heisasuglyasanstandingtoad Whichcanmakemanypeoplestoptolookathim 练习 英语很重要Englishisasessentialasairandwater whichplaysakeyroleinourdailylife ImportantVitalSignificantessentialIndispensablePlayakeyroleinsthBeofgreatimportance 污染很严重PollutionisasseriousasAIDS earthquakes whichcanthreatenpatientshealthoreventaketheirlivesaway 2 themore themore 你爬的越远 你看的越高Themorefartheroneclimbs themorehigheronesees 越努力 越幸运 Themorehardereveryprivateindividualare themoreluckilytheywillfeel 练习 我们花越多的时间追星 我们用在学习上的时间就越少Themoretimestudentsspendinpursuingstars Thelesstimetheyuseonstudy 我们越自信 越容易取得成功themoreconfidentmenandwomeninallwalkskeep themoreeasilytheyachiecegreatsuccess 我们越快的采取措施 这个问题越能得到有效的解决Themorequickauthoritiestakemeasures themoreeffectivetheissuewillberesolved TakemeasuresTakesteps actionSolveResolveSettleDealwithcopewith Problem IssuePhenomenonmatter 二并列句 1 常见的连词AndbutLikewisesimilarlyequallyatthesametimeInthemeanwhile converselybycontrast onthecontrary contrarily unexpectedlyunfortunatelynevertheless 描述图画的分类1 一幅图1 一个主体 两个动作2 两个主体 两个动作2 两幅图 描述图画 踢老父亲Inthepicture theeldestsoniskickingouttheoldfather Atthesametime theother3onesArekeepingguard 练习 温室Intheformerpicture Alittleflowerisgrowinghealthyinthegreenhouse onthecontrary inthelatterone itiswitheringinthestorm PictureCartoondrawingPaintingCaricaturephotograph 描述 追星Intheformerphoto amaniswritingthenameofBonhisface Atthesametime anotheryoungsterisspending300makinghishairintoB style HavesthdoneHavehishaircutintob sstyle 并列结构二 Notonly butalso 养宠物的好处减少我们的孤单 Reduceloneliness培养我们的爱心 Cultivateourloveheart raisingpetscannotonlyreducelonelinessbutalsocancultivateourloveheart whatisworseisthatIforgotmybook 为什么孝敬父母中华民族的传统美德子女的义务RespectingparentskeepsnotonlyaChineseconventionalvirtuebutalsoprovesthedutyoftheiroffspring 为什么自信重要 Confidencenotonlycanmakeyoufindmorehappinessinyourlifebutalsocanhaveyoumakemorefriends 三复合句 一 主语从句thatyouneverfailtofascinatemeisobvious It that ItiscommonknowledgethatItismybeliefthat Itisself evidentthatIthasbeenfoundthatItisbeyonddisputethatItisuniversallyacknowledgedthat IthasbeenwidelyacceptedthatItisgenerallyagreedthat更好的主语从句的变体 Whatseemsgenerallyagreedisthat 二 同位语和同位语从句1名词做同位语1 Myboyfriendreallyhasnomuchtimetoaccompanymearichbusinessman 2 Environmentalpollutionhasbecomeincreasinglyseriousaproblemthreateninghuman sexistence 3 aboywritesthenameofbeckhamonhisface acrazyfootballfanthesymbolofsomeoneaworldwidefamousstarapartofthebody 4 练习自信很重要 Confidencekeepsessentialinoursuccess Anactivementality 2同位语从句 她长着一副大眼睛这个事实表明她是一个美女 Theevidencethatshewearsapairofbigeyesmanifeststhatsheisreallyabeauty 温室里的花朵不能经受风雨这个事实表明 父母不应该溺爱孩子 Theevidencethattheflowerinthegreenhousefailtoundergostormmanifestthatchildrenshouldneverbespoiledbytheirparents 为什么说合作很重要Theevidencethatcooperationcanmakeusgetalotofsuccessindicatesthatitisdefinitelynecessarywhenwefacedifficulties MakesbdosthHave getsbdosthEnablesbtodosth 污染使我们失去了新鲜的空气这个事实表明这个问题越来越严重了 Theevidencethatpollutionmakeuslosefreshairsuggeststhatithasbecomeincreasinglyserious 文化交流能让我们更多的了解世界这个事实表明这个问题的确值得我们关注 culturecommunicationbeworthydoingConcern 三 定语和定语从句1 定语成分Iloveliu beautiful ontheplatformthedaughterofliuenjoyingsingingsongswhokeepsateacherforyears 2定语在作文中的使用Anamericangirliswearingchinesecostume Lovelyaswellascute oftheminorityWhichispopularinthesoutheastofchina Theeldestsoniskickingouthisfather WholooksfatandcruelCrouchingonthegroundlikeafootballPoorandold 万能定语1 好的 aswellas连接两个形容词 Cute lovely LittleGraceful elegant Confident energeticEnthusiastic passionateWholooksdistinctlyimpressivetothereaders 2 坏的 Fat crueluglyNegative dispassionedTerrible disgustingWholooksratherlessimpressivetoreaders 3定从的满分表达他是一个色狼 这是显而易见的 Heisalady killer whichhasbeenwidelyaccepted 1 Whichleavesusadeepimpression2 Whichprovokesthepublic swidespreadconcerns 3 Whichbringsustheunnecessary unexpectedtrouble4 whichgivesrisetodreadfulconsequences 四 状语和状语从句1 何为状语 2 在作文中的应用wearehavingclass inthecenterofthevividpicture 描述原因的万能状语1 aseveryonecanseeit2 withtherapidadvanceofscienceandtechnology3 inourcontemporarysociety4 inthegeneralroutineofeverydayliving 5 throughoutthewholeworld 6 althoughquiteafewofadultsfailtofocusonit 3 状从的满分表达1 让步状语从句although刘晓艳是一个美女我爱你教室里有很多人 A为什么网络不好 影响了我们的学习和工作 Theinternetshowgreatinfluenceonourstudyandworkalthoughitmakeourdailylifemoreconvenient B为什么说追星不好 Pursuingstarsblindlyexertgreatinfluenceonourcommonlife especiallyonourstudy althoughthosewell knownmenorwomenlookprettyattractivesuperficially 2 so that 孝敬父母很重要 keepssosignificantthatmoretimeshouldbesparedtodosomethingforthem 溺爱孩子很严重了 Becomessofearfulthatindependenceshouldbeemphasizedamongourkids Sthissosignificant fearfulthatitistimetopaymuchattentiontotheissue Payattentiontopourattentionintoplacegreatemphasison attachgreatimportanceto Focuson ihateyou Iwillkillyou Ihatingyou Iwillkillyou Hatingyou Iwillkillyou I hatingyou willkillyou 作文中的使用描述美国小女孩AnAmericangirlissmilingAn iswearingChinesetraditionalcostume Anamericangirl smilingsweetlyonherface iswearingchinesecostumewhichispopularinthesoutheastofchina 残疾人Twodisabledabandonedtheirwalking sticksTwodisabledarehelpingeachothertorun Twodisabled abandoningtheirwalkingsticksthathelpthemtowalk arehelpingeachothertorun 一幅图一个主体两个动作的模板是 sb 定 同 doingsth1 次要 定 状 isdoingsth2 主要 定或状 练习 老母鸡Ahenwithherfaceupward layingsomeeggsbehindher ismakingafunnyandsurprisingadvertisementmaybeinthemarket 四特殊结构 一 插入语 1 常见的副词及短语 indeed surely however obviously frankly naturally luckily happilyforsb certainly等 2 常见的形容词及短语 needlesstosay 不用说 mostimportantofall等 3 常见的介词短语 bytheway inafewwords insum inshort inotherwords ingeneral inone sopinion judgment infact inthefirstplace ofcourse toone sknowledge surprise regret satisfaction mind joy disappointment等 4 常见的现在分词短语 strictly generally honestly personally exactly physically speaking judgingfrom by 5 常见的动词不定式短语 tobesure 无疑地 tosumup 概括地说 totellthetruth tobehonest tobeshort toconclude toputitbriefly toputitinanotherway tobegin start with等 2 插入句为简短的 具有完整意义的句子 常见的插入句如下 Ithink hope guess know believe suppose Iamsure 我可以肯定地说 thatis tosay 也就是说 itseems 看来是 asIseeit 照我看来 what smore what sworse whatisimportant serious 重要 严重的是 I mafraid 恐怕 itissaid 据说 asweallknow 二 双重否定1Neverfailto2CannothavefailedtodosthAuthorities tomakestrictlawstopunishillegal人 单位 三 修辞1 比喻confidenceistohumansaswateristofishsth1isto人asthefoundationistohighskyscrapers Asmothersaretolittlebabies Astheinfiniteblueskyistoflyingeagles SthisseriousSth1isto人aspollutionistoallthehumanbeings Asintensivepainistotheterminallyillpatients Asgravenaturaldisastersaretopowerlessnatives Menfeardeath aschildrenfeartogointhedark Aseverycoinhastwosides isnoexception Asnogardenhasnoweeds hasitsownshortcomings thesameistrueof Aseverymagicbookhasitsweakpoints hasitsownweaknesses 2 排比刘是一个美丽的老师Liuisateacherelegantandgraceful 我们要迅速的采取措施Measuresshouldbetakenquickly toughlyandeffectively 举例 IfthereisanyoneouttherewhostilldoubtsthatAmericaisaplacewhereallthingsarepossible whostillwondersifthedreamofourfoundersisaliveinourtime whostillquestionsthepowerofourdemocracy tonightisyouranswer 2 ThisgreatNationwillendureasithasendured willreviveandwillprosper 3 Wewereinthemidstofshock butweacted Weactedquickly boldly decisively 四 强调句型Itis that Imetmyoldflameinthestreetyesterday 有很多的原因解释这种现象thereexistsnumerousfactorsheretoaccountforthephenomenon Itistoaccountforthephenomenonthatthereexistnumerousfactorshere inconclusion actionissupposedtobetakentorelievethecurrentsituation inconclusion itistorelievethecurrentsituationthatactionissupposedtobetaken 五 倒装1as的部分倒装虽然很多人看起来值得同情 但是事实并非如此 Asmanypeoplelookspitiful it infact isnotlikethis Asthedrawingissimple themeaningbehinditisfar reachingFunnyasthecartoonisatthefirstsight wewillhavethefeelingthatitmakesalotofsensewhenwegiveitasecondthought 否定词放在句首用倒装我从来不是一个彪悍外向的女人Iamneverawomantoughandoutgoing 他不但看起来很贫穷 而且事实上他的内心也很贫穷Henotonlylookspoorbutalsoinfactispoorinhermind RespectingparentskeepsnotonlyaChineseconventionalvirtuebutalsoprovesthedutyoftheiroffspring Confidencenotonlycanmakeyoufindmorehappinessinyourlifebutalsocanhaveyoumakemorefriends 3so that 我妈妈很善良mymaissokindthatshewillneverkillanant 我很开心 IamsodelightedthatIcannothelplaughingatmidnight Sthissosignificant fearfulthatitistimetopaymuchattentiontotheissue 4 only 状语的倒装Iloveyou只有通过采取这些措施 这个问题才能得到改善Onlybytakingthoseactioncantheissuebeimprovedalot 只有这个问题得到改善 人们才能安居乐业 Onlywhentheissuecanbeimprovedalotcanthecommonleadahappyandcomfortablelife 六 虚拟语气1 if虚拟语气ifyoutravelalongdistance Iwillcloseallmywindows 如果我们都不孝敬父母 Ifparentsfailtoberespectedbytheirsonsordaughters we allChinesehumanbeings wouldpayaheavypriceinthenearfuture 如果每个大学生都沉溺于网络Ifeveryuniversitystudentwereindulgedinsurfingontheinternet itwouldbehardforthemtograduatesmoothly 如果每一个父母都溺爱孩子 ifeveryparentspoilstheirchildren thekidswillneversucceedintheirlife BeaddictedtoAbandononeselfto 2 itishightimethatwerealizeditsdreadfulconsequenceandtookdrasticmeasurestodealwithit 3 itisimperative essential urgentthat thatfamiliesshouldeducatethekidstoknowtheimportanceofconfidence toknowtheseverityofpollution 第三节课段落 一 段落写作原则启承转合 二 段落论述方式1 定义和解释什么是美女 Beautyisawomanwhohasbigeyes whohasanattractivefigureandwhohaslonghair 什么是追星 Pursuingstarsisapopularamongyoungsterswhichmeansthatonebuystheircds takepartintheirconcertsandknowtheirlives 什么是孝敬父母 RespectingparentsisachinesetraditionalvirtueWhichmeansthatweaccompanythemtotravel WesendsomegiftstothemAndwecallthemupwhentheyneedus 什么是乐观 OptimismisamentalitywhichmeansthatoneFailstobeafraidoffrustrations oneisbravetofaceanydifficultiesanddoesanythingtheywant 总结模板Sth1issth2whichmeansthat sth2 asevereglobalissue achinesetraditionalvirtueapervasivesocialtrendanactive negativementalityahotsocialtopic 2统计和事实Inlightof onthebasisof inlinewith thelatest current proximatesurvey data statistics studybytheChineseacademyofsocialscience anincreasingamountofushabortheideathat Arecentstudyrevealedtheshocking surprising delightfulfactthat Officialfiguresreleasedbytheministryoftransportation educationshowthat 3引用名人名言Once thereseemedawriterwhohasgainedgreatreputationinJapanstatingthat 或Accordingtoawell knownpsychologist philosopher linguist Astheproverb anoldsayinggoes 4举例1 可举小例子Ilovereadingthemasterpiecesuchasgonewiththewind prideandprejudice 2 可举大例子althoughsoabundantcasescansupportmysimpleview thefollowingoneismostfavorable Aexamplestoprovetheviewareabundant Themostpersuasiveoneisthecaseofsbwho BthiscanbeillustratedbytheexampleofsbwhoCsuchstimulating lessimpressivecases storiesarenotrareinourdailylife Dtoexaminethis let sreturntotheexampleofsb sth 5 反面论证 第四节文章写法 一 图画作文1 第一段写法 第一二句话 用主语从句引出描述图画 Whatisobviousisthat A一幅图一个主体两个动作intheeasyandsimplecartoon sb 定 同 doingsth次要动作 定 状 isdoingsth 主要动作 定 状 B一幅图两个主体 两个动作Intheeasyandsimplecartoon Sb1 定 同 isdoingsth1 定 状状语 and butsb2 定 同 isdoingsth2 定 状 C两幅图Intheformerpicture Sb1 定 同 插 isdoingsth1 定 状状语 and butinthelatterone sb2 定 同 插 isdoingsth2 定 状 第san句话 引出寓意的过渡语1 Personally whatthepictureconveysisfarbeyondanewfashiontrendandcarriesculturalimplication 2 thefact storythat indicatesthat 3 thesymbolicmeaningofthecantonisquiteself evident 4 themessageconveyedinthepictureseemstobethat5 thepicturehasrevealed asisknowntousall inrecentyears acurrentsocialphenomenonthat 6 thepicturedoesreflectathought provokingsocialphenomenon 7 itisapparentthattheauthorofthedrawingtriestorevealtous 8 thepictureconveysadeepconcernastosth 不好的现象 定语 whichhasarousedanadverseinfluenceinoursociety 9 thepurposeofthepictureistoshowusthatdueattentionhastobepaidtothephenomenonofsth Owingtosth 分析原因或优缺点 10 itssymbolicmeaning whichisquiteobvious subtlyconveyedshouldbetakenmoreseriously 1 itseemstomethatthecartoonistissendingamessageabouttheimportance seriousnessofsth which 12 wecandeducefromthispicturethatthedraweristryingtoattractourattentiontosth which 第四句话 寓意表达WeshoulddosthWeshouldneverdosthSthisveryimportantSthisveryserious 第二段 第一句话 引出原因分析的句型Themajorityofpeoplewouldagreethattheissuehasitsdeeprootsasfollows Personally itismybeliefthatsomereasonscouldaccountforsuchphenomenon iftoproceedunchecked theproblemwillundoubtedlycausemanyproblems onthesurfaceofit thismayseemtoberidiculous attractive funny justapopularphenomenon butIfthinkingagain wewouldpointoutsomereasons itissuperficiallyplausible ridiculous attractive funny justapopularphenomenon butwhensubjectedtoanalysis butacloseinspectionoftheideawouldrevealthat itreallyhasitsfundamentalreasons ifweletthissituationcontinuesasitis wedonotknowwhatwillhappenbetweenpeople srelationshipinthefuture 4 youmaycriticizefor blamefor 不好的现象 比如说不诚实 butthecausesfortheroots problem phenomenongofardeeper 5 itisnoeasy simpletask jobtofind offerthereasonforthecomplicatedphenomenon deep seatedtendency 根深蒂固的 6 therestandatleasttworeasons Ithink forthephenomenonof7 However recognizingaproblemisthefirststepinfindingasolution 具体原因分析 首先FirstofallfirstandforemostThemainelementfortheproblemisthatWhatappearsasthefirstreasonisthat 其次besides inaddition additionally whatismore moreover furthermore最后lastbutnotleast atlast consequently asaconsequence intheend 第三段第一句话 A 坏东西 Therefore itishightimethateffectivemeasuresmustbetakentosolvetheproblem Theessentialsolution inmyopinion isto Inaddition apartfromthis people sawarenessmustbeheightenedthrougheducationandpublicity Inaword wecanneversolvetheproblemuntilallofustakeactiontoregulatepeople sbehaviors B 坏东西 therefore itisimperativeforus peopleinallwalks totakedrasticmeasurestoreversethisdisturbingtrendillustratedinthepictureabove Foronthing weshouldappealtotheauthoritiestomakestrictlawstocontrol foranother weshouldcultivatetheawarenessthatsthisofgreatsignificancetous Onlyinthisway canwe 要写的很具体 不要写结局问题 过上幸福生活 onemeasurewouldbeto moreimportantly meanwhile C 好东西可以提倡保护 whatshouldbedonetopromote 好事情thecommunicationbetweenpeopleinthepresent daysociety Chinesecitizensareexceptedtoenhancetheirawarenessthatsthisanindispensablepartforsth theconstructionofharmonioussociety Thelocalandcentralauthorities notonlyChinesebutalsoforeignones incoordinationwiththepress areobligedto onlythroughtheseactioncantheculturebetweennationshaveagloriousfuture D 好东西 accordingly itisvitalforustoderivepositiveimplicationfromthesethought provokingdrawings E 坏东西 ifwedonotdesire hopethetrendtobecomearealityonedayinthefuture positivestepsmustbetakentoputanendtosthrightnow F 好坏都行 inordertomake westillhavetremendoustaskstoaccomplish G 好坏 toimprove putanendtothepositive negativesituationof mysuggestionarethefollowingsteps H 坏 thereis asamatteroffact littledoubtthatimmediateactionisrequiredtoeliminateI 好坏 wecansaythisandwecansaythat butthemostimportantthingisnottosay butinsteadtodo J 坏 havingrecognizedtheproblem itfollowsthatwemustdevelopaplanofaction 最后一句 喊口号1总结法 everycoinhastwosides sthisnoexception Whatweshouldpayattentionisto限制缺点发扬优点 Thesoonereffectivemeasuresaretaken themoregloriousfuturewewillhave Ibelievethatahappyandbrightfutureisawaitingusifwemakeeveryefforttopromote 好事 ban 坏事 Wedo infact havealongwaytoreachourfinalgoal butachievingsomethingremainswellwithintherealmofpossibility 反问法 isn tsthisindispensableforthementalhealthofpeople includingtheyoungandtheold Shouldn twe paymuchattentiontotheissueofsth Whatdoesthefutureholdifmankindpersistsindoingsth wasti