2014考研英语核心词汇必备.doc

核心词汇必备1 extend v. 延伸，扩展，尽可能地伸开（身体某部），给予， 提供， 发出真题例句1)NBAC will ask that Clintons 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law. (1999年text4)NBAC将要求克林顿总统禁止使用联邦资金克隆人的90天禁令无限期地延长，并且还可能要求将之立法。词形变化：extends / extending / extended近义词reach / expand / stretch反义词shrink2 capacity n. C 才能，能力，功能，容量，U 地位身份真题原句1)At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity. (2009年text1) 当我们到了青春期的时候，大脑丧失了一半的能力。词形变化：capacities近义词power1 commit vt. 犯罪，犯错，承诺，使自己受约束，把托付给，委托真题例句1)All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, although a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. (2004年完形)尽管导致青少年犯罪的直接原因还未确定，但以上所有这些因素都可能会增加青少年犯罪的几率。词形变化：commits / committing / committed近义词promise / entrust2 figure v. 估计，料想 n. 数字 C n. 人物，人士 C n. 人或动物的像，画像，肖像真题原句1)Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. (2005年text4)不管是在演讲，还是在写作中，美国人已不再期待公众人物能运用技巧和文采来驾驭英语。词形变化：figures / figuring / figured1 relate v. 使互相关联，有关，涉及真题例句1)This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. (2005年part C)尽管导致青少年犯罪的直接原因还未确定，但以上所有这些因素都可能会增加青少年犯罪的几率。词形变化：relates / relating / related近义词associate / concern反义词dissociate2 statement n. 声明，陈述，说法 C真题例句1)Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. (2003年text2)最后，因为最终决定因素是病人，医疗研究机构不仅应该积极争取斯Stephen Cooper这样的名人的支持 他对动物实验的价值勇敢地进行了肯定 而且应该争取所有接受治疗的病人的支持。词形变化：statements1 complex adj. 复杂的，复合的，合成的 n. 综合体，集合体 C真题例句1) This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. (2009年text3)经济效益的提高需要相应的复杂的政治体制，而这种日益提高的教育水平是建立政治体制的必要而非充分条件。词形变化：complexes近义词complicated反义词simple2 demonstrate vt. 显示，表露，（用实验，实例等）说明，教，论证，证明真题例句1) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. (2005年partC)仅此就足以表明，在电视行业里生存并不容易，统计数字更印证了这个事实：1989年，在80家欧洲电视网中，一半以上出现亏损。1 significant adj. 重要的，重大的，有意义的，有用意的，意味深长的真题例句1) It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. (2005年partC)现今阶段，在欧洲历史上至关重要。当此之际，谈论大众传媒的作用，诚非易事。词形变化：complexes反义词 insignificant2 status n. 情形，状况 C n. 地位，身份 U真题例句1) Children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status(2004年完形)儿童犯罪，是因为他们未能如愿的提高自己的社会经济地位。词形变化：statuses近义词position1 cover v. 报道，足够支付，覆盖，遮盖 n. 封面 C 真题例句1) The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still, does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. (2003年text3)整体来说，虽然铁路行业有耀眼的资产，但它的收入仍然不足以支付为满足不断增长的运输需要而进行的固定资产投资。词形变化：covers / covering / covered近义词include / contain反义词 expose / uncover2 conduct n. 指导，安排，行为，举动，品行 U v. 引导，指挥，管理真题原句1) Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology.(2007年text1)在瑞典长大的埃里克森，一直研究核工程，直到他认识到，如果他转向心理学领域，他将会有更多机会从事自己的研究。1 consequence n. 结果，后果，影响 C n. 重要（性），重大 C 真题例句1) British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. (2001年text1)尽管职业化和专业化在19世纪的英国地质学界已进行得相当深入，然而其全部效应直至20世纪才体现出来。词形变化：consequences近义词conclusion / significance反义词 cause2 essential adj. 必要的，重要的 adj. 本质的，实质的，基本的真题例句1) We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. (2000年passage3)我们必须大量使用基本词汇，摆脱句号、修饰性形容词及限定性动词的牵制。近义词important 反义词unimportant1 superior adj. 更好的，更优良的真题例句 1) He adds humbly that perhaps he was superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”(2008年partC)他谦逊地补充道，或许他“比普通人更能够注意到那些容易忽视的细节，并对其进行仔细的观察”。近义词 shigher反义词 inferior2 susceptible adj. 易受影响的，易动感情的，过敏的，易受感染的真题例句1) Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men. (2008年text1) 纽约的老兵管理医院首席精神病学家Yehuda博士指出：“与男性相比，女性在应对压力时特别容易产生抑郁和焦虑。近义词 vulnerable反义词 immune1 suspect vt. 猜疑（是），怀疑（是），觉得（是）；不信任 n. 嫌疑犯，嫌疑分子 C真题例句 1) We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments dont force it. (2009年text3)我们不得不怀疑，即使政府没有强制去做，但经济持续增长会促进教育的发展。近义词 suppose反义词 unsuspected2 suspend vt. 暂停，终止真题例句1) In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. (2005年text3)在梦之窗通向的世界里，逻辑暂时失去了效用，死人开口说话。词形变化：suspends / suspending / suspended1 suspicious adj. 可疑的，猜疑的，疑心的，表示怀疑的真题例句 1) But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. (2002年text2)但是人脑却能在瞄一眼飞快变化的场景后，排除98%不相关的东西，立刻盯上树林中蜿蜒道路旁边的猴子，或一大群人中那张可疑的面孔。近义词 questionable2 tap v. 利用，开发 n. 龙头，塞子 C真题例句1) They may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited. (2000年partC)政府可以改变教育结构，或进行干预，以便减少自然资源的浪费，开发桑未利用的资源。词形变化：taps / tapping / tapped1 tentative adj. 试探（性）的，试验（性）的，踌躇的，犹豫的真题例句 1) Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made. (2008年partB)既然你已经把一个话题阐明为初步的论题，那就可以整理你的要点，并开始充实你已经拟好的无论什么样的提纲了。近义词 rexperimental反义词 definitive2 therapy n. 治疗，疗法 C真题例句1) As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve peoples lives. (2003年text3)作为一个民族，我们可能在寻求不可能奏效的治疗方法上花钱太多，而在研究能提高人们生活质量的更平常的方法上花钱太少。词形变化：therapies近义词 treatment1 trigger n. 触发器 C vt. 引发，引起（连锁反应）真题例句 1) Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. (2008年text2)对于动物和人类的研究都显示出性激素会在某种程度去影响面对压力的反应，导致在同样的条件下，女性产生更多的致病化学物质。词形变化：triggers / triggering / triggered近义词 start2 underestimate n. 估计不足，低估 U vt. 对估计不足，低估真题例句1) Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. (2006年text3)因此有一些鱼种没被抓到，往后没有鱼饵的鱼钩根本捕不到鱼，导致过去的捕鱼业受到轻视。词形变化：underestimates / underestimated / underestimating近义词 overestimate1 thrift n. 节俭，节约 U真题例句 1) Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness, and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the worlds work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output. (2009年partC)即便是现在，在我们的工业化生活中，除了秦风和节约等某些价值观之外，整个世界运行所以来的人类各种形式的交往中存在的智力和情感，仍然没有像物质产出那样引起人们的关注。词形变化：thrifts近义词 penny-pinching反义词 waste2 transition n. 过渡，转变 C真题例句1) Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. (2008年partB)段与段之间要过渡自然，不要出现唐突活着令人困惑的突然转变。词形变化：transitions近义词 conversion1 valuablea. 有价值的, 贵重的，珍贵的n. 贵重物品（首饰） C真题例句 1) At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life. (2009年text1)而到了青春期结束时，大脑关闭了其中一半的功能，只保留了在人类生命最初的十几年里似乎最有价值的思维方式。词形变化：valuables近义词 priceless / treasures反义词 valueless2 vesseln. 容器，器皿，船，舰 C真题例句1) Todays vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. (2006年text3)一个原因是今天的捕鱼技术已经大大改善，可以通过卫星和声波来发现猎物，同50年前相比，这意味着可以捕获更多的海洋生物。词形变化：vessels近义词 container1 visible adj. 明显的，可察觉到的，看得见的，可见的真题例句1)Some kind of organization with a supportive adult barely visible in the background. (2003年完形)也需要成年人的支持，但是这种支持应仅处于不被觉察之处。近义词 apparent / obvious反义词 invisible2 wander vi. 徘徊, 迷失真题例句1)What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? (2007年partB)那些已经长大但在成年初期似乎仍感到无所适从并苦苦挣扎的孩子该怎么办呢？词形变化：wanders / wandering / wandered近义词 prowl反义词 settle / stay / remain1 wholly adv. 完全地，全部地真题例句 1) The need of training is too evident and the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. (2009年partC)训练的需求太明显了；改变他们的态度和习惯，要求很紧迫，以致完全无法考虑这些后果。近义词 entirely反义词 partly2 abuse n. 滥用，虐待 U 恶习，不正之风 C真题例句1) Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering, to the extent that it constitutes systematic patient abuse. (2002年text4)“不少医生对病人所遭受的毫无必要的、可预见的痛苦无动于衷”，以至于到了“蓄意虐待病人”的地步。词形变化：abuses近义词 mistreat1、ahead adv. 在前, 预先，事前真题例句 1) While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. (2008年text1)尽管女性在现代生活的某些领域还在追赶男性，但她们至少在一个不如意的地方远远超过男性。近义词 before反义词 behind2、annual adj. 每年的，年度的真题例句1) They may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited. (2000年partC)政府可以改变教育结构，或进行干预，以便减少自然资源的浪费，开发桑未利用的资源。近义词 yearly反义词 perennial / daily1 appreciate vt. 欣赏，赏识，感激，感谢，（充分）意识到，觉察真题例句 1) Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them. (2007年partB)最重要的是，这些刚刚步入成年期的孩子必须感到他们受到家人的尊重、支持和赏识。词形变化：appreciates / appreciating / appreciated近义词 admire / respect反义词 despise / depreciate2 assert vt. 主张，声明，断言真题例句1) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. (2008年partC)他坚持认为自己进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力十分有限，由此他也认定自己在数学方面根本不可能有大的作为。词形变化：asserts / asserting / asserted近义词 declare / affirm1 assumption n. 假定，设想,假装C 担任（职责等）U真题例句 1) Such behaviour is regarded as all too human, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. (2005年text1)这种表现被认为是“人类的本性”，隐含的假设是和其他生物不具有如此细腻的不满情绪。词形变化：assumptions近义词 expectation / proposition反义词 conclusion2 atmosphere n. 气氛，大气，大气层，空气 U真题例句1) These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphe