现在完成时的用法讲解.doc

现在完成时的用法复习整理一、 谓语部分结构：助动词have (has) +过去分词过去分词的构成分规则的和不规则的，规则的与过去式的构成方法一样，不规则的只有单独记了,无人能帮你。1 肯定句：主语have( has) +过去分词其它。2. 否定句： 主语have( has)+ not+过去分词其它。have not=havent has not=hasnt.3 一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )主语过去分词其它？4 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词have(has) +主语+ 过去分词其它？eg. He has already finished his homework. He hasnt finished his homework yet. Has he finished his homework yet? -Yes, he has./ No, he hasnt.二、常搭配的时间状语:already, yet, just, ever, never，in the past +时间段，so far这几个词的位置除了yet常在句尾外，其余的通常都在句中，即have/has的后面，行为动词的前面。但already也可在肯定句尾，表示强调，在疑问句末尾表示惊讶等。eg. Has he finished his homework already? 对他完成了作业感到惊讶。另，before 也可以与现在完成时连用。eg. Ive ever been there before. It was ten years ago.三、 常用用法1、 表示过去发生或者已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果。Eg.The doctor has left .(他现在不在这儿，找不到他了。)The students have cleaned the classroom.(现在教室是干净的)I have just read the book.( 现在我知道这本书的内容了)比较：I read the book last month.(只是说明read这个动作是在上个月发生的而已，没有谈及对现在有什么影响)总结 ：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果，强调的是现在的情况或者状态，与过去没有关系，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。而一般过去时只表示这动作是在过去某个时间发生的，或者说是过去某个时间发生了某个动作而已，和现在没有关系。它就可以和表示过去的时间状语连用，比如：yesterday, just now , last year , in 2000, some minutes ago, the day before yesterday etc.I have seen the film already. (现在我已经了解这部电影的内容了，至于什么时候看的没有关系，反正我已看过了。)I saw the film last year .( 只是表示我是去年看的这部电影。)2、表示某个动作或者某个状态从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在(包括现在在内)。这种可以和表示延续的时间状语连用 ，如 since 或者 for.2、 注意 since+时间点或者从句，而for +一段时间。Since last year, since 1997, since 8 oclock ,since five days ago . for ten years , for an hour .对这类时间状语提问要用how long 。We have been friends for many years. You have been students since two years ago / since 2004./ for two years.How long have I taught you English ?I have taught you English since you came to the school.Mr Black has lived in China since 2000.(从2000年至今还在中国)比较：Mr Black lived in China in 2000.(反正2000年在中国，到底2000年后呢？不得而知)用since和for填空1._two years 2._two years ago3._last month 4._ 19995._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock7._4 hours 8._an hour ago9. _we were children 10._ lunch time11._she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.【现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较】 1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只是陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对“现在”产生的影响。如： He visited Guilin in 1998. 他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间) 2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如： Jill has bought a new computer. 吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑) I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿教书已经十五年了。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续） I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年书。（表示“我”现在已经不在这儿任教了）Irregular VerbsBase FormPast FormPast Participlebearborebornbeatbeatbeatenbecomebecamebecomeblowblewblownbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltbuyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosencomecamecomedodiddonedrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfallfellfallenfindfoundfoundflyflewflowngetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhavehadhadhearheardheardkeepkeptkeptleaveleftleftloselostlostmakemademadeputputputreadreadreadrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawseensellsoldsoldsendsentsentsingsangsungsinksank/sunksunktaketooktakenteachtaughttaughtwritewrotewroteam, iswasbeenarewerebeenExercise:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 12. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II. Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before.2. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问) _ _ he come to school?3. I bought a new bike just now. (用just改写) I _ just _ a new bike.4. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _ _have they been here?八. 用适当的时态填空：1.Shes _ (live) here since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _just _ (have) some orange.8. We_already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new sch