最新2014深圳版八年级上册课文与翻译.doc

Unit1 EncyclopaediasLook it up!Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia.Da Vinci, LeonardoLeonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist.Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines. (See Art)DinosaursDinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some could even fly.Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all died out. Nobody knows why. However, we can learn about them from their fossils. (See Earth history)查找它这里有来自百科全书的两篇文章。列奥纳多达芬奇列奥纳多达芬奇(1452 - 1519)是意大利画家,发明家,音乐家,工程师和科学家。达芬奇出生在农村。从很小的时候,他表现出极大的智慧和艺术才能。当他长大时,他学会了做很多不同的事情。他的画是非常出名的,其中一个,蒙娜丽莎,也许是世界上最著名的画。他也有很多发明。例如,他的笔记本包括一些有趣的飞行机器的图画。(见艺术)恐龙恐龙生活在地球上人类6000万多年前。他们生活在地球各个地方。一些恐龙和鸡一样小。其他的有十头大象一样大。一些甚至可以飞。许多恐龙吃植物。然而,一些恐龙喜欢吃肉。恐龙在地球上生活了1.5亿多年。然后,突然,他们都灭绝了。没有人知道为什么。不过,我们可以从化石中了解他们。(见地球历史)Unit 2 NumbersThe king and the riceA long time ago, there was a king in India. The kings favourite game was chess.One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game. The king promised the old man, “ You can have any prize if you win the game.”The old man said, “If I win the game, Id like one grain of rice for the first square of the chessboard, two for the second, four for the third, and then double the amount for each of the rest of the squares.”“Is that all?” asked the king. “Wouldnt you like gold or silver instead?”“No, just rice,” replied the old man.The king and the old man played the game for a long time. Finally, the old man won. So the king ordered his men to collect a bag of rice. He put one grain on the first square, two on the second, and so on. The king quickly realized the problem - even with all the rice in the country, he would still not have enough rice to put on all the squares!国王和大米很久很久以前,有个印度的国王。国王最喜欢的比赛是国际象棋。有一天,一个睿智的老人来到皇宫,国王向他挑战比赛。国王允诺老人:“如果你赢得比赛你可以拥有任何奖品,。”老人说:“如果我赢得比赛,我想要一粒大米在棋盘的第一个方格,两粒在第二个,四粒在第三个,然后使每个剩余的方格在数量上加倍。”“就这些吗?”国王问道。“难道你不想要金银来代替?” “不,只是大米,老人回答说:。国王和老人玩了很长时间。最后,老人赢了。国王命令他的助手们收集了一袋大米。他把一粒放在第一个方格,两粒在第二个,以此类推。国王很快意识到这一问题即使算上这个国家的所有大米,他仍然没有足够的大米放满所有的方格!Unit 3 ComputersComputer factsSmaller and betterIn the 1940s, the first computers were bigger than cars. Now computers are becoming smaller and better.Some computers are tiny. You may be unaware of them. There is probably one inside your TV or washing machine. You depend on computers more than you realize.What can we do with computers?We can use computers to calculate. They can calculate at a faster speed than we can and almost never give wrong answers. We can also type and draw things with them. In addition, computers can do important jobs like operating railways and flying planes and spaceships.Is a computer cleverer than me?The answer is “No”. Your brain can produce new ideas but computers cannot. However, one day computers may be able to a better job than human beings. For example, they may be better than doctors at doing their job.What will happen to us if computers can do all our jobs? Will we have nothing to do? Computers may change our lives, but will they make them better?电脑的事实越小越好在1940年代,第一台计算机比汽车大。现在电脑变得越小越好。一些电脑很小。你可能都没有意识到他们。可能在你的电视或洗衣机里就有一个。你比你了解到的更加依赖电脑。我们可以用电脑做什么?我们可以用电脑来计算。他们可以以更快的速度比我们所能计算,几乎从未给错误的答案。我们也可以用它们打字和画画。此外,电脑能做重要的工作如操作铁路系统，驾驶飞机和宇宙飞船。计算机比我聪明吗?答案是“不”。你的大脑能产生新想法,但计算机不能。然而,有一天计算机可以比人类更好的工作。例如,他们可能比医生更好地做他们的工作。如果电脑能做所有的工作会对我们发生什么?我们会无事可做吗?电脑可能会改变我们的生活,但是他们会使生活更好吗?Unit 4 InventionsGreat inventionsGreat inventions change the world. They help people live a better life. The following are three of the most important inventions in history.The wheelThe wheel is perhaps the greatest invention in history. After its invention, travelling became faster and more comfortable. A few thousand years ago, people started to use wheels on carriages. In the early 19th century, the first trains began to carry passengers. At the start of the 20th century, cars became popular. Without the wheel, we would not have these inventions.The telephoneAlexander Graham Bell invented one of the first practical telephones in 1876. Since then, people have been able to speak to each other over long distances. Today millions of people across the world own mobile phones. They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere.The light bulbThomas Edison developed the first practical light bulb in 1879. Before the invention of the light bulb, people had to use oil lamps, gas lamps or candles to see at night. With light bulbs, people can do as many things in the evening as they can in the daytime. Can you imagine living without them?伟大的发明伟大的发明改变世界。他们帮助人们过上更好的生活。以下是三个历史上最重要的发明。轮子车轮也许是历史上最伟大的发明。它发明后, 旅行变得更快、更舒适。几千年前,人们开始使用轮子在马车上。在19世纪早期,第一列火车开始载客。20世纪初,汽车开始流行起来。没有轮子,我们将没有这些发明。电话亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔于1876年发明了第一个实用的电话。从那时起,人们已经能够长距离彼此说话。今天世界各地数以百万计的人们拥有手机。他们使得人们彼此保持联系在任何时间,任何地方。灯泡托马斯爱迪生在1879年开发第一个实用的灯泡。在灯泡的发明之前, 在晚上人们必须使用油灯,气体灯或蜡烛来看。有了灯泡,人们在晚上可以像在白天一样做尽可能多的事情。你能想象没有他们的生活吗?Unit 5 Educational exchangesAn exchange visit is educational and interesting!A group of British students from Woodpark School in London are visiting Xinhua Junior High School in Beijing on an educational exchange.“I was very nervous at first,” says Sarah. “However, my host family are really friendly. Im glad to be a guest in their home. Ive learnt to use chopsticks, and theyre teaching me a little Chinese!”The students spend the weekdays studying with Chinese students. At the weekend, they tour around Beijing and visit places of interest with their host families.“Its been a fantastic experience so far,” says Eric. “ Ive learnt a bit of tai chi, and I really enjoy it. Weve already learnt a lot about Chinese culture and history. The teachers have introduced us to Chinese painting as well. Well also tried to paint some pictures ourselves! I havent had much success yet, but Ill keep trying.”“Ive made many new friends,” says Sarah.”I plan to keep in touch with them when I return home. Well see one another soon because theyll come over to the UK for the second part of the exchange next month. I cant wait!”教育交流交换访问有教育意义，并且很有趣!一批来自伦敦Woodpark学校的英国学生正在一次教育交流中访问北京新华初中学校。“一开始我很紧张,”莎拉说。“不过,我的寄宿家庭真的很友好。我很高兴成为他们家里的一个客人。我已学会了用筷子,并且他们正在教我一些汉语!”学生们平日和中国学生一起学习。周末,他们到北京周边旅游，和他们的寄宿家庭一起参观名胜古迹。“迄今为止都是一个奇妙的经历”，埃里克说。“我已经学会了太极拳,我真的很喜欢它。我们已经学到了很多关于中国文化和历史。老师还向我们介绍中国画。我们还将尝试自己画一些画!我还没有取得成功,但我会继续努力。”“我已交了许多新朋友,”莎拉说。“我打算当我回到家与他们保持联系,。我们很快就能见到彼此,因为他们将在下个月第二部分交流的时候来英国。我等不及了!”Unit 6 Ancient storiesThe Trojan horseThe capital stood on the high wall of the city of Troy. “The Greeks have gone and weve won,” he said. “ Theyve tried to capture our city for ten years. Now theyve given up and sailed away!”“But look over there,” a soldier said. “Theyve left a huge wooden horse.”“Ah, yes,” the captain said, “its too big. The Greeks didnt want to take it with them. Get some help and pull it into the city.”That night, in the main square of the city, all the Trojans celebrated. They sang and danced around the horse, and made jokes about the stupid Greeks. “I havent laughed like this since my childhood,” the captain said. After the party, they locked all the gates of the city and then all went to sleep.By midnight, the main square was empty, except for the huge horse. Suddenly a secret door opened on the side of the wooden horse. The horse was full of Greek soldiers! They quietly climbed out of the horse one by one.The soldiers opened the main gates. The Greek army entered the city.For ten years, the Greeks could not capture the city by fighting. In one night, however, they succeeded in capturing it through a clever trick.古代故事特洛伊木马首领站在特洛伊城的高墙上。“希腊人已经走了,我们赢了,”他说。“他们试图占领我们的城市已经十年了。现在他们已经放弃并且起航走了!”“但看那边,”一名士兵说。“他们留下了一个巨大的木马。”“啊,是的,”船长说,“它太大了。希腊人不想带着它。找些帮手把它拖进城。”那天晚上,在城市的广场,所有特洛伊人在庆祝。他们在马边唱歌跳舞,开着关于愚蠢的希腊人的玩笑。“我自小时候起就没有这样笑了,”首领说。晚会之后,他们锁了城市的所有大门,然后去睡觉。午夜,广场是空的,除了巨大的马。突然木马一边一个秘密的门开了。马里面全都是希腊士兵!他们悄悄地一个个爬出木马。士兵们打开了大门。希腊军队进入了城市。长达十年来,希腊不能通过战争占领此城。然而,在一天晚上,他们通过一个聪明的伎俩成功地占领。Unit 7 MemoryHenry, Paula and Millie write for the school newspaper. They have written the short articles below to help students improve their memory.Memory CornerHenryA great way to help you remember something is to imagine a picture of it in your mind. If you make the picture big, strange or silly, you will remember it better. For example, to remember the word “smiles”, we can imagine there is a “mile” between the first letter and the last letter. This makes it the longest word in the world. PaulaA good method for remembering the spelling of a word is to make a short sentence with each letter of the word. For example, if you want to remember how to spell the word “because”, you can use the sentence “Big elephants can always understand small elephants”.MillieYou will forget something very quickly unless you understand it well. For example, you may have trouble remembering the list of steps in the water cycle. However, it is easier to remember these steps if you understand how the water cycle works.亨利,宝拉和米莉学校的报纸写文章。他们写了下面的短文章来帮助学生提高他们的记忆。记忆角亨利来帮助你记住东西的一个很好的方法是在你的头脑中想象它的图片。如果你让这幅画大,奇怪的或者愚蠢的,你会更好地记住它。例如,要记住“微笑”这个词,我们可以想象在第一个字母和最后一个字母之间存在一“英里”。这使它成为世界上最长的单词。宝拉记住一个单词的拼写的一个好方法是让单词的每个字母来造一个短句子。例如,如果你想记住如何拼写“因为”这个词,您可以使用这个句子“大象总是可以理解小象”。米莉你将很快忘记某东西,除非你理解它。例如,您可能很难记住水循环的系列步骤。然而, 如果你理解水循环是如何运作的会更容易记住这些步骤。Unit 8 English WeekEnglish: fun for lifeEnglish Week at Rosie Bridge SchoolLast week, students at Rosie Bridge School worked hard to make their English Week a big success.There was an English book fair in the library and a treasure hunt. Some students put on an English play. Other students took part in an English singing competition.There was also a speaking competition. The students had to speak on a topic in English for two minutes.We spoke to the winner, Hen