初一英语同义词辨析.doc

初一同义词解析1. chick, chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious.2. travel，trip, journey, travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途， a three-day trip3. sport, game sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming.4. a number of, the number ofa number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing.5. in front of, in the front ofin front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.6. three of us, the three of usthree of us我们（不止三个）中的三个，the three of us我们三个（就三个人）The three of us-Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.7. by bus, on the busby bus表手段，方式，不用冠词，on the bus表范围 They went there by bus.8. in a word, in wordsin a word总之，一句话， in words口头上 In a word, you are right.9. a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?10. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师 the doctor and teacher is11. family, house, homehome 家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员. My family is a happy one.12. sound, voice, noisesound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.13. photo, picture, drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画Lets go and see a good picture.14. road, street, path, wayroad具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.15. class, lesson作课解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 516. work, job二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good job17. police, policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house.18. problem, questionproblem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用19. man, a man man人类，a man一个男人 Man will conquer nature.20. in class, in the classin class在课上，in the class在班级里 He is the best student in the class.21. it, oneit同一物体，one同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.22. no one， none, nothing, no one指人，强调有没有，后不接of短语，none强调有多少，nothing, nothing指物，- How many/How much? - None.23. anyone, any oneanyone指人，不能接of，any one指人物均可接of，如： any one of you24. who, whatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.25. what, whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择Which do you like better, bananas or apples?26. not a little, not a bitnot a little非常，not a bit一点也不; Im not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。27. many, much, a lot ofMany后接可数名词，much后接不可数名词，a lot of可接可数或不可数名词，但不用于否定句； 如：I havent many books.28. no, notno后接可数名词单数no =not a,no friend=not a friend ;no后接可数名词复数或不可数名词no =not any, no friends=not any friends； no water=not any water29. tall, hightall常指人或动物，high常指物体 He is tall.30. good, wellgood形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again.31. excited, excitingexcited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的 Im excited. The news is exciting.32. too much, much tootoo much“太多”； 后接不可数名词，much too“太”，后接形容词 much too heavy33. bring, take, carry, fetchbring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作 fetch a box of chalk34. spend, take, pay, costspend人做主语，花钱，花时间; spendon sth./in doing sth; take物做主语，花时间;pay人做主语，花钱，pay for; cost物做主语，花钱35. join, join in, take part injoin加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；join in参加小型的活动, join sb. in；take part in 参加大型的活动 He joined the army five years ago.36. learn, studylearn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究study the problem37. want, hopewant打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do。 hope希望（通常可以实现），hope to do/ hope that wish希望（通常不能实现）wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success.38. win, lose, beat win后接sth.，反义词为lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them39. live on, live bylive on以为主食，live by靠谋生 live on fish/ live by fishing40. lose, miss lose失去（具体的物体），错过 sth. is lost, lose the chance；miss 想念，错过sth. is missing,miss the chance125. be tired of, be tired with/from41. go for a doctor, go to a doctorgo for a doctor去请医生，go to a doctor去看病42. pay for, pay back, pay offpay for为付钱，pay back还钱，但不一定还清，pay off还清 pay for the book, pay off the debt43. wear, put on, dresswear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时，dress接人,be dressed in, put on表动作Its cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.44. listen, hearlisten强调动作，hear强调结果 I listened, but I heard nothing.45. look, see, watchlook看的动作，see看的结果，watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watch TV46. begin, startbegin侧重时间的开始，反义词为end；start侧重由静到动的转折，反义词为stop47. at, in (表地点)at+小地点，in+大地点 arrive at a small village, arrive in Shanghai48. between, among between两者之间，三者或三者以上两两之间, among三者或三者以上之间Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.49. after, behind (表位置)after强调次序的先后，behind强调物体静态位置的前后 There are many trees behind the house.50. and, orand并且常用于肯定句；or或者，否则，常用于否定句中： I dont like apples or bananas.Hurry up and youll catch the bus. Hurry up or youll miss the bus.51.because连词，连接两句话，because of介词短语，后接词或短语He doesnt go to school because of the rain.= He doesnt go to school because it rains.52. in order that, in order to表目的，in order that后接句子，in order to后接动词原形I get up early in order to catch the bus.=I get up early so that I can catch the bus.53. All right. Thats all right. Thats right.All right.好吧； Thats all right.不客气，没关系； Thats right. 那是对的；-Sorry. - Thats all right.54. how long, how often, how soonhow long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问?如:How long ago was it? 这是多久前的事了?how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词（always,usually,sometimes,every 或once a week等)提问.如:How often does he come here? Once a month. 他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次.how soon指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问?如:How soon can you come? 你多快能赶来?55. few, a few, little, a little, somefew 和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“几乎没有”;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一点儿”。few 和 a few修饰可数名词;little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词。some可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few 或 a little,有时指更多一些的数量.56. the other, anotherthe other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”,表示特指?如:We stand on one side of the road and they stand on the other. 我们站在街这边,他们站在那边。another着重于不定数目中的“另外一个”,表示泛指,所以常用来指至少三个中的一个。如:She has taken another of my books. 她已经拿了我的另外一本书。57. spend, take, cost, payspend的宾语通常是时间或金钱。在主动语态中,句子的主语必须是人,而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语。如:She spent the whole evening in reading. 她把整个晚上用来读书。take常常用来指“花费”时间,句子的主语通常是事物或不定式。如:How long will this job take you?你做这项工作要花多长时间?cost 指花费时间?金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主语,并且不能用于被动语态。如:How much does the jacket cost?这件夹克多少钱?pay 主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人)。如:I pay for my rooms by month. 我按月支付租金。58. speak, say, talk, tell这四个动词都有“说”的意思?speak的意思是“讲话;演讲”,着重指说话的动作,指开口说或连续不断地说,多用作不及物动词;用作及物动词时,其宾语是语言名称?如:He can speak Japanese. 他会说日语。say的意思是“说;讲”,一般用作及物动词,着重指说话的内容?它的宾语可以是名词?代词或直接引语等?如:She says, “Dont draw on the wall!”她说:“别在墙上画画!”talk的意思是“说;讲;谈话”,与speak意义比较接近,但不如speak正式,着重强调两人之间的相互谈话,也可指单方面的谈话。如:She is talking with John in English.她正在和约翰用英语交谈。tell意为“告诉;讲述;吩咐”,多指以口头方式将某事告诉某人,常接双宾语。除了story, news, truth, joke, lie(谎言)等直接宾语外,还可以接人等间接宾语。如:She is telling the children a story.她正在给孩子们讲故事.59. each, every两词都是“每个”的意思,但着重点不同?each着重个别的情况,every着重全体,有“所有的”的意思.如:She knows each