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Unittwo 制作 汪晓辉 TextI TextII Thefineartofputtingthingsoff MichaelDemarest TextI Pre classwork procrastinationisthethiefoftime Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatmaybedonetoday Doyoupersonallybelievein Howwillthewriterexploreonthetopicofputtingthingsoff Let sgetonthejourney detailedstudyofthetext Listen 1 Neverputofftilltomorrow exhortedLordChesterfieldin1794 whatyoucandotoday Thattheelegantearlnevergotaroundtomarryinghisson smotherandhadabadhabitofkeepingworthieslikeDr Johnsoncoolingtheirheelsforhoursinananteroomatteststothefactthateventhemostwell intentionedmenhavebeenpostponersever QuintusFabiusMaximus oneofthegreatRomegenerals wasdubbec Cunctator delayer forputtingoffbattleuntilthelastpossiblevinumbreak Mosespleadeda Detailedstudy SpeechdefecttorationalizehisreluctancetodeliverJehovah sedicttoPharaoh Hamlet ofcourse raisedprocrastinationtoanartform 2 Theworldisprobablyaboutevenlydividedbetweendelayersanddo it nowers TherearethosewhopreparetheirincometaxesinFebruary prepaymortgagesandservepreciselyplanneddinnersatanungodly6 30p m Theotherhalfdinehappilyonleftoversat9or10 misplacebillsuntiltheapocalypticvoiceofDinersthreatensdoomfromDenver Theypostpone asFaustianencounters visitstobarbershop dentistordoctor Detailedstudy 3Yetforallthetroubleprocrastinationmayincur delaycanofteninspireandreviveacreativesoul JeanKerr authorofmanysuccessfulnovelsandplays saysthatshereadseverysoup canandjam jarlabelinherkitchenbeforesettlingdowntohertypewriter Manyawriterfocusesonalmostanythingbuthistask forexample ontheCoastandGeodeticSurveyofMain sFrenchmanBayandBarHarbor stimulatinghisimaginationwithnameslikeGooginsLedge BluntsPond HioHillanBurntPorcupine LongPorcupine SheepPorcupineandBaldPorcupineislands Detailedstudy 4 FromCunctator sdayuntilthiscentury theartofpostponementhadbeenvirtuallyamonopolyofthemilitary hurryupandwait diplomacyandthelaw Informertimes aBritishproconsulfacedwithanativeuprisingcouldcomfortablyruminateaboutthesituationwithSingaporeSlinginhand Blessedly hehadnonatteringTelextoorderinmachinegunsandfreshtroops AU S generalaslateasWorldWarIIcouldagreewithhisenemycounterparttotakeasportingdayoff lootthevillagers chickensandwineandgobacktobattleadaylater Lawyersareamongtheworld smostaddictedpostponers AccordingtoFrankNathan anonpostponingBeverlyHillsinsurancesalesman Thenumberofattorneyswhodiewithoutawillisamazing Detailedstudy 5 Evenwherethereisnowill thereisaway Thereisadifference ofcourse betweenchronicprocrastinationandpurposefulpostponement particularlyinthehigherechelonsofbusiness Corporatedynamicsencouragethecautionthatbreedsdelay saysRichardManderbach BankofAmericagroupvicepresident Henotesthatspeedyactioncanbeembarrassingorextremelycostly Thedataexplosionfortifiesthoseseekingexcusesforinaction anotherreporttoberead anotherauthoritytobeconsulted Thereisalways saysManderbach adelicateedgebetweenhavingenoughinformationandtoomuch Detailedstudy 6 Hispointiswelltaken Bureaucratization whichflourishedamidthegrowingburdensofgovernmentandthegreatercomplexityofsociety wasdesignedtosmotherpolicymakersinblanketsoflegalism compromiseandreappraisal andtherebypreventhastydecisionsfrombeingmade ThecentralizationofgovernmentthatledtoWatergatehasspreadtoeconomicinstitutionsandbeyond makingprocrastinationaworldwidewayoflife Manylanguagesarestuddedwithphrasesthatrefertoputtingthingsoff fromtheSpanishmananatotheArabicbukrafilmishmish literally tomorrowinapricots moreloosely leaveitforthesoftspringweatherwhentheapricotsareblooming Detailedstudy 7 Academealsotakeshighhonorsinprocrastination BernardSklar aUniversitySouthernsociologistwhochurnsoutthreetofivepagesofwritingadayadmitsthat manyofmyfriendsgothroughagonieswhentheyfaceablankpage Thereallsortsofrationalizations thepressureofteaching responsibilitiesathomecheckingoutthelatestbook lookingupanotherfootnote Detailedstudy 8 Psychologistsmaintainthatthemostassiduousprocrastinatorsarewomen throughManypsychologistsare at 50 plusanhour prettygooddelayersthemselves Dr RalphGreenson aU C L A professorofclinicalpsychiatry andMarilynMonroe sone timeshrink takesafairlygentleviewofprocrastination Tomanypeople hesays doingsomething confronting isthemomentoftruth Alfrightenedpeoplewillthenavoidthemomentoftruthentirely orevadeorpostponeituntilthelastpossiblemoment ToGeorgisStatePsychologistJoenFagan however procrastinationmaybeakindofsubliminalwayofsortingtheimportantfromthetrivial whenIdragmyfeet there susuallysomereason saysFagan Ifeelit butIdon tyetknowtherealreason Detailedstudy 9 Infact thereisalongandhonorablehistoryofprocrastinationtosuggestthatmanyIdeasanddecisionsmaywellimproveifpostponed Itissomethingofatruismthattoputoffmakingadecisionisitselfadecision Theparliamentaryprocessisessentiallyasystemofdelayanddeliberation So forthatmatter isthecreationofagreatpainting oranentr e orabook orabuildinglikeBlenheimPalace whichtooktheDukeofMarlborough sarchitectsandlaborers15yearstoconstruct Intheprocess thedesigncanmellowandmarinate Indeed hurrycanbetheassassinofelegance AsT H White authorofSwordinthestone oncewrote time isnotmeanttobedevouredinanhouroraday buttobeconsumeddelicatelyandgraduallyandwithouthaste Inotherwords PaceLordChesterfield whatyoudon tnecessarilyhavetodotoday byallmeansputoffuntiltomorrow Detailedstudy Mainidea Throughdepictingpopularityofprocrastinationinnearlyallthefields thewriterwantedtoprovethat delaycanofteninspireandreviveacreativesoul and toputoffmakingdecisionisitselfadecision andthereforeitcanbeafineandusefulart Introduction P1 2 Theworldisprobablydividedbetweendelayersanddo it nowers Body P3 7 Delayisnotwithoutitsadvantages itcanofteninspireandreviveacreativesoul Conclusion P8 9 Explanationandconclusionofprocrastination OrganizationandDevelopment PurposeofwritingandTone Inhalfseriousandhalf jokingmannerandhumoroustone Demarestexpresseshisviewonprocrastinationthatwhileinsomecasesitisirrationalandencumberingtodelay itisjustifiedandfruitful Rhetoricaldevice Parody wherethereisawill thereisaway Pun will Example para 1 Exaggeration para 4thenumberofattorneyswho Irony para 1thatelegantearlnevergotaroundto Metaphor para 6blanketsoflegalism Writingskill coherence 1 Theuseoftheword yet atthebeginningofpara 3indicatesthatinthisparagraphthereaderwillfindsomethingcontrarytowhathehasreadaboutintheprecedingone Para 2illustratesthetroubleprocrastinationmayincurwhilepara 3tellsthereaderthatdelaycanofteninspireandreviveacreativesoul 2 Atthebeginningofpara 4 theword cunctator isrepeated itsfirstoccurrencebeinginpara 1 3 Para 5beginswiththeparodyoftheproverb Wherethereisawill thereisaway Theword will intheparodyrepeatstheword will inthelastsentenceofpara 4 4 Hispoint atthebeginningofpara 6referstowhatManderbachsaysintheprecedingparagraphs Theuseoftheword also inthefirstsentenceofpara 7referstoasimilarsituationmentionedpreviously l Inwhatsenseistheword art usedinthetitle 2 HowdoesDemarestbeginhisessay Isitaneffectivebeginning 3 WhydoesDemarestrefertovisittothebarber thedentist andthedoctoras Faustianencounters para 2 4 Howdoyouunderstandtheword blessedly usedinpara 4 ComprehensionQuestions method skill Faustianencounters refertoFaust sencounterswiththedevilMephistopheles Naturallytheyareundesirable Mostpeopleareunwillingtovisitbarbers doctors anddentists HebeginswiththefamoussayingofChesterfield sandinstancesofnon complianceofsomehistoricallywell knownfigures Yes Thiseffectivelyremindspeoplethatprocrastinationisnotunderallcircumstancesanon recommendablepractice sometimespeopledohaveagoodreasontowaitbeforetheytakeaction Itmeans fortunately ThenatteringTelexwouldhavefacilitatedthesupplyofweaponsanddispatchoftroops deprivingtheproconsuloftheexcusetodelayaction Languagepoint 1 exhort formal tourgeoradvisestrongly Examples Theteacherexhortedherstudentstodotheirownresearchwork Weareexhortednottowasteourtimeonthechatroomonline paraphrase Dr RalphGreenson takesafairlygentleviewofprocrastinationDr RalphGreensonisnotverycriticalofpostponementTakea viewofsth have ideas attitudeof aboutsth Forexample Shetakesaprettypoorviesofherson srecentbehavior 2 rationalize attempttoexplainorjustifyone sactionwithplausiblereasons eveniftheyarenottrueorappropriate Example Don trationalizeyourincompetencebyfindingfaultwiththemethod Languagepoint 3 do it nowers thosewhoactpromptly erisasuffixthatdenotesapersonwhodoessomething Reminder Do It YourselferinBook5 Unit10 TextII Languagepoint 4 atanungodly6 30p m atanunusuallyearlyhour Theauthorthinks6 30p m israthertooearlyforaplannedformaldinner Languagepoint 5 allthetroubleprocrastinationmayincur allthetroublethatapersonaldelayinactionmaybringuponhimincur becomesubjectto somethingunpleasant asaresultofone sownaction招致 Example Thecompanyincurredaheavylossduetomismanagement Languagepoint 6 theartofpostponementhadbeenvirtuallyamonopolyofthemilitary diplomacyandthelaw thepracticeofputtingthingsoffhadalmostbeenexclusivelydonebythemilitary etc Theimpliedmeaningisthatthemilitary diplomacy andthelawarealmosttheworstdelayers Paraphrase 7 ruminate formal thinkdeeplyandcarefully Examples Heruminatedoveronthesituationbeforehemadethefinaldecision Sheruminatedforalongtimebeforesheexpressedheropinion Languagepoint 8 theworldsmostaddictedpostponers theworldsworstpostponerswhojustcouldnotfreethemselvesfrompostponingAddicted adj literallymeans dependentonsomething usuallyadrug andunabletostophavingit Example Heisaddictedtococaineheroin Addictedmayalsomean enthusiasticallydevotedtoaparticularthingoractivity e g beaddictedtocomputergames television etc Thepersonwhoisaddictedtosomethingisanaddict a dikt e g adrugaddict acomputer TVaddict Languagepoint Thenumberofattorneyswhodiewithoutawillisamazing Itisausualpracticeforpeopletomakeawill anofficialstatementofthewaytheywishtheirpropertytobesharedoutaftertheirdeathbeforetheydie Anditisgenerallytheattorneysorlawyerswhoadministerthewills Butattorneysthemselvespostponemakingtheirownwills Languagepoint 10 thecautionthatbreedsdelay thegreatcarethatcausesdelayLiterally breedreferstoeitheranimalsproducingtheiroffspring e g Ratsbreedrapidly orpeoplewhokeepanimalsorplantsforthepurposeofproducinganddevelopingyounganimalsornewplants Languagepoint 11 flourish developrapidly Example Postmodernismmadeitsfirstappearanceinthelatetwentiethcenturyandcontinuestoflourishnow Flourish whenspeakingofaperson ananimal etc means growordevelopinahealthyorvigorousway Examples Thetreesplantedontheschoolcampusareflourishing We rehappytoseethesedisabledchildrenflourishintheirfoster homes Languagepoint 12 Manylanguagesarestuddedwithphrases Manylanguagesareprovidedwithphrases AstudisliterallyasmallpieceofmetalwhichisattachedtoasurfaceasadecorationBestuddedwithliterallymeans becoveredwithsomethinglikestuds e g theskystuddedwithstars aseastuddedwithislands Sowhenlanguagesarestuddedwithphrases youfindphrases inlanguagesjustlikestuds Languagepoint 13 churnsoutthreetofivepagesofwritingaday producesthreetofivepagesaday churnout whichmeans producesomethingroutinelyormechanically especiallyinlargequantities isusedbytheauthorironicallyandjokinglyhere Threetofivepagesofwritingcannotbeconsideredasalargequantity Languagepoint 14 checkingoutthelatestbook examiningthelatestbookcarefully borrowingthelatestbookfromthelibrary Languagepoint 15 assiduous showinggreatcareandperseverance hard working Examples Johnisassiduousindoingresearchwork Heisknownasanassiduousscholar alwaysexploringnewfieldsofstudy Languagepoint 16 confront faceuptoanddealwithaproblemoradifficultsituation Example Heconfrontedthedifficulttaskwithcourageandoptimism Languagepoint 17 evade findawayofnotdoingsomethingthatmustbedone Examples Hetriedtoevadethequestionsabouthispast Theproblemisperhapsdifficulttosolve butitshouldnotbeevaded Languagepoint 18 deliberation 1 longandcarefulconsiderationordiscussion2 slowandunhurriedmovementAccordingtothecontext thesecondmeaningofthewordismostprobablywhattheauthormeant Languagepoint forthatmatter Thisphraseisusedtoemphasizeorindicatethatastatementmadebyapersoninonecaseisalsotrueinanothercase Themeaningofthetwoconsecutivesentenceswiththisphraseastheconnectiveis Thecreationofagreatpainting etc liketheparliamentaryprocess isalsoasystemofdelayanddeliberation Anexamplesentenceshowingtheuseofforthatmatterfollows Theconstructionworkerssufferedgreatlyfromintenseheat sodothedockers forthatmatter Languagepoint ExplainDemarest sdistortionoftheproverb wherethereisnowill thereisaway atthebeginningofpara 5 Rhetoricaldevice Theauthorisplaying punningontheword will Therepetitionofthewordservesasacohesivetiebetweenthetwoparagraphs Butmindthatthewordisusedindifferentsensesinthetwoinstances Intheprecedingparagraph will meansastatementinwritingsayinghowsomeonewisheshispropertytobedistributedafterhisdeath Inthedistortedversionoftheoldsaying theword will isusedinthesenseof volition Thusitmeans Evenwhenthereisnowilltoprocrastinate thereisawaytodoso Hegoesontoillustratehispointbygivingexamples 1 pun双关 2 parody诙谐模仿 Howdoyouexplaintheparenthesis at50 plusanhour Thisisahumoroustouch Thisreferstowhatthepsychologists moreexactlypsychiatristsorpsychoanalysts chargetheirclientsfortheconsultations Thisexplainswhytheyalwaysdelaycuringtheirpatients Comprehension WhilethepointsDemarestmakesabouthissubjectmatterareserious thetoneofhiswritingisamixtureoftheseriousandhumorous Identifyhisshiftintonefromonetotheother Analysis Whilethestatementatthebeginningofpara 3 delaycanofteninspireandreviveacreativesoul isaseriousone thefollowingillustrationsdonotsoundtobeso ButrememberJeanKerrwasahumorist Whathesaysabouttheprocrastinationinthearmy thoughabitoverstated maystillbeseriouslymeant Thetwoillustrativeexamples especiallytheoneoftheU S general stakingasportingdayofftodelaythebattle areinstancesofhumoratthecostofcredibility Inthelastparagraphtheinclusionof thecreationofanentree addsahumoroustouchtootherseriousillustrationssuchasthecreationofagreatpainting abookandabuilding MosespleadedaspeechdefecttorationalizehisreluctancetodeliverJehovah sedicttoPharaoh L 6 7 MosesjustifiedhisunwillingnesstopassJehovah sordertoPharaoh sayingthathewas slowofspeech paraphrase Yetforallthetroubleprocrastinationmayincur delaycanofteninspireandreviveacreativesoul L 15 16 Delayleadstoproblems Howeverinmanycases itcanoftenstimulatethecreativityinanartist Paraphrase Henotesthatspeedyactioncanbeembarrassingorextremelycostly L 34 35 Itpointsoutthathastinessmaygiverisetodecisionswhichturnouttobehumiliatingorexpensive paraphrase Bureaucratization beingmade Excessivered tapedevelopedbecausepublicadministrationwasexpandinginscopeandbecausesocietywasgrowingmoreandmorecomplicated Inthissense red tapehelpedthoseinchargeofpolicytobefullyengagedinenormousamountofpaperworkandjudgment thusmakingitimpossibleforanimmaturedecisiontoresult paraphrase manyofmyfriendsgothroughagonieswhentheyfaceablankpage manyofmyfriendshaveahardtimethemomenttheyattempttoputpentopaper paraphrase Languagepoint Getaroundto findthetimetodo ortofinallydosththatyouhavebeenintendingtodoforsometine Forexample Wefinallygotaroundtoansweringherletter Keepsbcoolinghis herheels keepsbwaitingForexample thereceptionistkeptmecoolingmyhealsforatleastanhour Languagepoint Languagepoint Youpleadsomething suchasillness ignoranceetc youusesomethingasanexcuseforyouractionForexample Heleftearly pleadingastomachache paraphrase Thereisdifference ofbusinessThereisadifference ofcourse betweenhabitualandpurposefulpostponements especiallyinthehigherlevelofbusiness paraphrase Tomanypeople isthemomentoftruthTomanypeople doingsomething dealingwithsomething oramomentofextremeimportance itisamomentwhendecisionistobemade resulttobeknown orsomethingbadtobefaced Paraphrase Intheprocess theassassinofeleganceIntheprocess thedesignhasthetimetoripenandmature indeedhastydecisionmaketheeleganceofdesignsimpossible Languagepoint Takehighhonors doexcellentlywellin especiallyrefertostudentsinschoolachievehighmarksinstudyForexample Hegraduatedfromtheuniversitywithgreathonors RichardNixon 1 Chesterfield PhilipDormerStanhope 4thEarlof 1694 1773 Englishstatesman oratorandauthor Hisliteraryreputationrestsuponhisletterstohisillegitimateson PhilipStanhope whowasborninHollandin1732 Theletters filledwithwitandworldlywisdom werepublishedunderthetitleLetterstoHisSon 1774 2 Johnson Samuel 1709 1784 Englishpoet critic andmanofletters theliterarydictatorofEnglandinthelatterhalfoftheeighteenthcenturyandoneofthemostfamouspersonalitiesofhistime HeisbestknownforhisDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage 1755 whichisinsomerespectsaninnovationinlexicography Hehadthestrongestinfluenceofanyofhiscontemporariesontheliterarythoughtandstyleofthelatterpartoftheeighteenthcentury 3 QuintusFabius在军事指挥者中很难找到一个以防守著称的人 古罗马的费边就是一个能守之人 而且对于后世有很深的影响 前217年罗马军在特拉西梅诺湖之战中惨败后 被选为独裁官 全权指挥作战 他针对迦太基军队远离本土 孤军深入 后援困难 不能持久作战的特点 采用迁延战术 避免正面决战 而在山区与敌周旋 消耗和疲惫迦太基军 使其无所施展 史称 费边战术 但遭速胜派反对 被讥讽为 迁延者 任满去职 前216年罗马军在坎尼之战中遭重创后 费边战术为人们所理解 前215 前214年率军攻击被汉尼拔占领和叛离罗马的城市 并实行坚壁清野 断绝迦太基军队的补给 同时派兵赴西班牙 西西里等地作战 以断汉尼拔的后援 前209年率军攻克塔林敦 塔兰托 致使汉尼拔军在意大利半岛的处境更加困难 从此费边主义成为缓步前进 谋而后动的代名词 TEXTIIGossipFrancineProse UnitTwo Pre readingBrainstorming Howwouldyoudefinetheword gossip Whatfunctionsdoesgossiphave MainIdeaofthepassage Throughclarifyingthepresentmisunderstandinganddistortingoftheword gossip thewriteremphasizesthe