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UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK ABriefHistoryoftheUK ElizabethI Englandin878 UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK ObjectivesStarterTeachingPointsLessonReviewCaseStudySupplementaryReading ABriefHistoryoftheUK UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK Objectives AcquireageneralideaabouttheBritishhistory LearnaboutthemajorstagesandimportantfiguresinBritishhistory FindouttheinfluencesofBritishhistoryonotherEnglishspeakingcountries UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK Starter Tellaboutthefollowingpicturesandthespecialperiodrelatedtothem UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK a b c What UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK Stonehenge Oneofthewondersoftheworld whichisbelievedtohavebeenbuiltfrom4000BCto2000BC Nowasaworldheritagesite StonehengeandallitssurroundingsremainpowerfulwitnessestotheoncegreatcivilizationsoftheStoneandBronzeAges MapshowingthelocationofStonehenge UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK Shakespeare sGlobeTheatre AtheatreinLondonassociatedwithWilliamShakespeare Itwasbuiltin1599byShakespeare splayingcompany theLordChamberlain sMen andwasdestroyedbyfireonJune29 1613 AsecondGlobeTheatrewasrebuiltonthesamesitebyJune1614andclosedin1642 ExteriorofthemodernreproductionoftheGlobe Interiorofthemodernreconstruction UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK KingArthur Alegendaryfigureinthe5thcenturyADinBritishhistory Accordingtothelegend ArthurgatheredacompanyofknightswhosattogetheratArthur scastle Hecreatedthefamous roundtable atwhichallwouldhaveequalrighttobetheking senseofdemocracy HeunitedtheBritish andwithhismagicalsword Excalibur drovetheSaxonsback StatueofKingArthur TheLadyoftheLakegivesExcaliburtoKingArthur UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK TeachingPoints ABRIEFHISTORYOFTHEUK UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK Pre reading GiveabriefintroductionofthehistoricperiodsoftheUKbyreferringtothefollowingchart Pre CelticPeriod CelticAgeandRomanInvasion 1500BC 410AD Anglo SaxonBritain VikingraidsandNormaninvasion 410 1066 NormanRule 1066 1381 TransitiontotheModernAge 1455 1688 RiseandFalloftheBritishEmpire 1688 1945 UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK Pre CelticPeriod CelticAgeandRomanInvasion 1500BC 410AD ThefirstCeltictribes theGaels cametotheBritishIslesbetween800and700BC Twocenturieslater theBrythonsorancientBritonscame fromwhomthecountrywascalledBritain British recordedhistorybeginswiththeRomaninvasionin43AD Sincethen EnglandandWaleshadbeenapartoftheRomanEmpirefornearly400years UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK PushingintoScotland TheRomansbuiltagiganticwall Hadrian sWall tocontrolthefrontier TheRomansalsobroughtthenewreligion Christianity toBritain ThelocationofHadrian sWall Hadrian sWall UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK WhentheRomanEmpirecameundertherepeatedattacksfromthePictsandScotsandtheinvasionoftheGermanicSaxontribes theRomanarmypulledoutofBritainin410AD leadingtotheswiftbreakdownofRomancivilization Itissaidthatinthe5thcenturyAD KingArthurunitedBritain anddrovetheSaxonsoutofthecountrywithhismagicalswordExcalibur KingArthur UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK InvadersofthreeTeutonictribescametoBritaininthemid 5thcentury firstlytheJutesinthemid 5thcentury theSaxonsfromtheendof5thcenturytothebeginningofthe6thcentury theAngleswhocameinthesecondhalfofthe6thcentury andwhoweretogivetheirnametotheEnglishpeople Anglo SaxonBritain VikingraidsandNormaninvasion 410 1066 UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK By850AD thecountrywasundersustainedattacksfromVikingraids TheSaxonking AlfredtheGreat alsoknownas FatheroftheBritishNavy graduallypushedtheVikingsnorthwardsandeventuallyintothesea By955 Alfred sgrandsonEadred ruledoveraunitedEnglandandthegovernmentbecamecentralized AlfredtheGreat Eadred UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK Vikinginvasionsrenewedtill1066whenKingHaroldmarchednorthandwonavictoryovertheVikings OnOctober1066 WilliamofNormandy knownas WilliamtheConqueror defeatedHarold sarmy andcrownedhimselfWilliamIinLondononChristmasDay1066 becomingthefirstNormankingofEngland WilliamtheConqueror UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK Thisperiodcanbecharacterisedasatransitionfromatribaltofeudalsociety TheAnglo SaxonsbroughttheirownTeutonicreligiontoBritain ThenamesTuesday Wednesday ThursdayandFridayrespectivelyderivefromtheirgods Tiu godofwar Woden kingofheaven Thor godofstorms Freya goddessofpeaceChristianityalmostdisappeareduntil597 whenPopeGregoryIofRomancametoEnglandandbegantoconverttheheathenEnglishtoChristianity PopeGregoryI UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK NormanRule 1066 1381 UnderWilliamtheConqueror thefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablished HeconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollowers HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment RelationswiththeContinentswereopened NormanFrenchculture language manners andarchitecturewereintroduced Thechurchwaskeptcompletelyunderthecontroloftheking TheNormanculturefloweredontheEnglishsoil Monasteriesformedthenewculturalcenters PrioryChurch MonasticCommunity UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK Economic administrativeandlegalreformsfromHenryII thefirstkingoftheHouseofPlantagenet abolishingtheannuallandtax strengtheningtheking sCourtandextendingitsjudicialwork reformingcertainabusesinChurchgovernmentbyrestrictingthepowerofthearchbishop HenryII UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK ThereformsoftheChurchgovernmentbroughtKingHenryintocollisionwithThomasBecket theArchbishopofCanterbury whowasmurderedatCanterburyCathedralin1170 bytheorderofKingHenry HenryIIexpandedtheBritishempire andEnglandcontinuedtoholdpartsofFrancefor500yearsuntilCalaiswasfinallylostin1558 TheBurialofBecket SaintThomasBecket UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK AfterHenryII theEnglishstartedrunningintoproblems eitherwiththeBarons thepeopleorthepretendersofthethrone TheconstantreligiouswarsbetweenTurkishMuslimsandwarsagainstFranceledtofinancialproblems andtheconfrontationbetweenKingJohnandhisbaronsin1215 KingJohnwasdefeatedbythebaronsandwasforcedtosigntheMagnaCarta theGreatCharter thespiritofwhichwasthelimitationofthepowersoftheking andthefreedomoftheChurch ItisregardedasthefoundationofEnglishliberty MagnaCarta JohnofEnglandsignsMagnaCarta JohnofEngland UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK DuringHenryIII sreign thesystemofParliamentwasformed butParliamentonlymetbyroyalinvitation anditsrolewastoofferadvicenottomakedecisions Therewerestillnoelections noparties andthemostimportantpartoftheparliamentwastheHouseofLordsinsteadoftheHouseofCommons Parliament TheEnglishparliamentinfrontoftheKing UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK BlackDeath 1348 1349 BlackDeathspreadthroughEuropeinthe14thcentury andsweptthroughEnglandin1348withoutanycure killinghalfofthepopulationandcausingenormouseconomiclosses BlackDeathinaEuropeantown UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK PeasantUprising 1381 Thisplague togetherwiththecruelpoliciesoftherulingandgovernmentoverthepeasants ledtotheuprisingin1381ledbyWatTylerandJackStraw Althoughitwasbrutallysuppressed ithadfar reachingsignificanceinEnglishhistory pavingthewayforthedevelopmentofcapitalisminBritain WatTyler sdeath UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK HundredYears WarwithFrance 1337 1453 AstheFrenchkingsgrewstronger theywereeagertoregaintheirlargepieceoflandofAquitainewhichhadlongbeenoccupiedbytheEnglish In1337 EdwardIIIdeclaredawarthatwastolastforahundredyears TheEnglishwerebrilliantlysuccessfultill1422 EncouragedbyJoanofArc thenationalheroine theFrenchdrovetheEnglishoutofFrance By1453 CalaiswastheonlypartofFrancethatwasstillinthehandsoftheEnglish EdwardIII SaintJoanofArc UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK TransitiontotheModernAge 1455 1688 TheWarsofRoses ThisperiodwascalledtheWarsofRoses whichlastedforabout30years causedbythetwobranchesofthePlantagenetfamily thehouseofLancasterandtheHouseofYork bothattemptingtodominatethegovernment ThelastbattleoftheWarsofRoseswasfoughtbetweenKingRichardIIIandHenryTudor descendantofJohnofGaunt DukeofLancaster RichardIIIlosthiscrownandhislife Afterhisvictory HenryTudormarriedElizabethofYork EdwardIV sdaughter thusunitingthehouseofLancasterandYork andputtingthecountryundertheruleoftheTudors RichardIII LancasterRose YorkRose HenryTudor UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK EnglishRenaissance overtwohundredyearsruledbyfiveTudormonarchsoverEnglandandWalesandaperiodofadministrativeandreligiousreforms markingtheendoftheperiodofcivilwarandtheestablishmentofamodern efficient centralizedstate andaperiodofgreatachievementofliterature thetypicalfigure WilliamShakespeare thegreatestdramatistandpoet whowroteseveralplaysaboutthehistoryofthisperiod suchasRichardII HenryV RichardIII WilliamShakespeare UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK TheCivilWars Reasons JamesStuartbelievedinthe DivineRight toruleashepleased ThisbroughthimintoconflictwiththeEnglishParliament Results By1645CromwellwonthedecisiveBattleofNaseby Charleswascapturedandputontrialfortreasonin1649 CromwelldissolvedparliamentandstartedEngland sonlyperiodofdictatorship Cromwell sfailuretoputinplaceaworkablealternativetothemonarchyresultedintheRestoration thereturnofCharlesIIfromhisexileinFrance JamesIofEngland OliverCromwell CharlesI CharlesII UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK RiseandFalloftheBritishEmpire 1688 1945 Withitsadvantageousgeographicallocation convenientseaandrivertransportation Britaingotlargequantitiesofcapitalfromoverseastradeandcoloniesfromthe18thcentury whichisthefoundationofindustrialization Britainwasthefirstcountrytoindustrializeintheworld Beforethe18thcentury mostindustriesweredoneathomeusingverysimplehand operatedmachines Nownewtechniquesandwater poweredmachinesresultedinorganizationofindustriesonalargescale IndustrialRevolution 1780 1830 The1698SaveryEngine SpinningJenny UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK In1765theScottishinventorJamesWattproducedaveryefficientsteamenginethatcouldbeappliedtotextileandothermachinery Manyotherimportantinventionswerealsomadeduringthisperiod Inaddition improvedtransportationranparallelwithproduction Bytheearly19thcentury Britainhadaroadnetworkofabout125 000miles JamesWattandhissteamengine SpinningmulebuiltbySamuelCrompton Alathefrom1911 UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK Asaresultoftheindustrialrevolution Britainwasby1830the WorkshopoftheWorld withnoothercountryreadytocompetewithherinindustrialproduction UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK EnglishcolonialexpansionbeganwiththecolonizationofNewfoundlandin1583 Intheearly18thcentury settlementsweremadeinNorthAmerica EncouragedbythelargequantitiesofwealthbroughtbytheIndustrialRevolution thediscoveriesofnewfrontiersbymenlikeCaptainCook andespeciallybytherisingtideofemigration theBritishcolonialistssteppeduptheirexpansioninthelate18thcenturyandearly19thcentury ColonialExpansion Late18th Early19thCentury JosephSmallwoodsigningthedocumentbringingNewfoundlandintoConfederation JamesCook s1775chartofNewfoundland UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK Inthelate18thcenturyBritainacquiredvast unpopulatedterritoriesinCanada AustraliaandNewZealand andintheearlyandmiddleof19thcentury itcolonizedlargeareasinAsiasuchasIndiaandChina By1900 Britainhadbuiltupabigempire onwhichthesunneverset whichincluded25 oftheworld spopulationandarea BritishEmpireincolored BritishcoloniesinnorthAmerica UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury France GermanyandAmericawerebecomingpowerfulcompetitorsforworldmarket TheFirstWorldWarwasfoughtfrom1914to1918primarilybetweentwoEuropeanpowerblocs the CentralPowers GermanyandAustria HungarywhichwerelaterjoinedbyTurkeyandBulgaria andthe Allies Britain FranceandRussia whichwerelaterjoinedbyJapan ItalyandtheUSA Thewarlastedforfouryears endedbytheTreatyofVersailles imposedonGermany formalizingtheAlliedvictory BritainandtheTwoWorldWars ParticipantsinWorldWarITheCentralPowersandtheircoloniesinorange theAlliesandtheircoloniesingreen andneutralcountriesingray UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK ThegreatlossesofmanpowerandthedisruptionofeconomyduringthefirstworldwarledBritainintoserioussocialandfinancialproblems By1931 BritainwasenteringtheGreatDepressionwhichwastogiverisetotheSecondWorldWar ChamberlaindeclaredwaronGermanyonSeptember3 1939 WinstonChurchill thePrimeMinister ledhiscountrytofinalvictoryin1945 Chamberlain WinstonChurchill UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK Duetothetwowars Britainlostone quarterofhernationalwealthandentereduponaperiodofeconomicandfinancialdifficulties andhercolonieswontheirindependenceoneafteranother whichledtothecollapseoftheBritishEmpire AnimatedmapshowinggrowthanddeclineoftheBritishempire UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK LessonReview IVocabularyBuildingIIKeyFactsIIDiscussionandReportIVExtensiveActivities UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK IVocabularyBuilding Matcheachoftheitemsontheleftwithitsmeaningontheright 1 Stonehenge2 Briton3 Renaissance4 KingArthur5 Archbishop6 pilgrimage7 BlackDeath8 monastery9 WinstonChurchill10 TreatyofVersailles a adocumentsignedattheendofWorldWarIIb ajourneytoreligiousplacesc thegreatancientstonecircleduring4000BC 2000BCd thetopleaderofChristianitye anoldwaytocalltheBritishpeoplef aplacewherepeopleworshipGodandcarryoutotherreligiouspracticesg alegendaryfigureinthe5thcenturyADh aplagueinthe14thcenturykilling3 4ofEuropeanpopulation i therevivalofclassicalliteratureandartisticstylesinEuropeanhistoryj thegreatestPrimeMinisterofBritainwholedthecountryintovictoryduringWWII UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK IIKeyFacts 43 410 1066 1381 WilliamtheConqueror 1381 PavedthewaytocapitalismforBritain JoacofArc KingRichardIII HenryTudor PutthecountryundertheruleoftheTudors Completethefollowingchartwiththeinformationfromthetext 1914 1918 1939 1945 UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK 1 Doyouagreewiththewordsthat Britishhistoryhasbeenahistoryofinvasion Illustrateyourviewwiththeinformationfromthetext 2 WhatwerethemainreasonsthatBritainbecamethe workshopoftheworld andtheempireonwhichthesunneversets 3 HowdidtheBritishEmpirecollapse 4 WhatlessoncanwelearnfromthehistoryoftheUK IIIDiscussionandReport Discussthefollowingquestionsingroupsandmakeanoralreporttotheclass UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK Usetheinformationfromthe KeyFacts tomakeabriefreportofthehistoryoftheUK IVExtensiveActivities UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK CaseStudy Populationtrebles ThemostvisiblesignofeconomicgrowthwasthesteadyincreaseinBritain spopulation SincetheRomansithadfluctuatedbetweentwoandsixmillion butfrom1750itgrewexponentially nearlytreblinginacenturytoreach21millionby1851 Thisincreasedto37millionby1901 WORKSHOPOFTHEWORLD UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK Industrialevolution SinceArnoldToynbeecoinedthephrase IndustrialRevolution in1882 mosteconomichistorianshaveemphasizedtherapidityofBritishindustrializationduringtheperiod1780 1830 Currently however manyarguethatindustrializationtookcenturies ratherthandecades andcomprisedacomplexwebofchanges UnitTwoHistory Lesson3ABriefHistoryoftheUK Overseastrade Closelyrelatedtothisexpansionofmanufacturing overseastradegrewinimportance