[考研英语]化工原理专业词汇

Introduction,化学工业 chemical industry化学工程 chemical engineering化学工艺 chemical technology 化工单元操作 unit operation of chemical engineering化工单元过程 unit process of chemical synthsis流程图 flow sheet/flow diagram稳态流动 steady flow流动型态 flow pattern流体力学 fluid mechanics 传热 heat transfer ;heat transmisson质量传递 mass transfer物料衡算 material balance,Fluid Flow 1,流体静力学 fluid statics ;hydrostatics流体动力学 fluid dynamics; hydrodynamics 连续性方程 equation of continuity柏努力方程 Bernoulli equation阻力损失 loss of resistance局部阻力 local resistance牛顿与非牛顿流体 Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids速度梯度 velocity gradient 剪切应力 shear stress速度脉动 velocity fluctuation边界层的形成 boundary-layer formation,Fluid Flow 2,黏度 viscosity 牛顿黏性定律 Newton law of viscosity/friction雷诺实验 Reynolds experiment 层流 laminar flow湍流 turbulent flow无量纲数群或准数 non-dimensional number边界层 boundary layer 边界层分离 boundary-layer separation速度脉动 velocity fluctuation流动阻力 fluid resistance摩擦系数 frtiction factor量纲分析 dimensional analysis无量纲数群 dimensionless group,Fluid Flow 3,管件与阀门 fitting and valve突然扩大局部阻力系数 expansion-loss coefficient闸阀 gate valve 球阀 global valve总能量损失或总阻力损失total-energy loss 试差法 error method流量 capacity扬程 /压头 head泵的特性曲线characteristic curves of pump,Fluid Flow 4,测速管 Pitot tube孔板流量计 orifice meter流量系数/孔流系数 orifice coefficient 文丘里流量计 Venturi meter差压流量计 pressure-drop meter转子流量计 rotameter截面流量计 area meter,Conveying Equipment for Fluid Substances 1,离心泵 centrifugal pump 正位移泵 positive-displacement pump往复泵 reciprocating pump齿轮泵 gear pump旋转泵 rotary pump鼓风机 blower压缩机 compressor真空泵 vacuum pump 气蚀 cavitation erosion汽蚀余量net positive suction head (NPSH)真空表 Suction gauge吸入孔 suction eye表压 gauge pressure吸入管 suction pipe排出管 discharge pipe,Mechanical Seperations,均相混合物 homogeneous mixtures非均相混合物 heterogeneous mixtures筛分 screening过滤 filtration过滤介质 filter media助滤剂 filter aids饼层过滤 cake filtration,Mechanical seperations,滤液 filtrate过滤介质阻力 filter-medium resistance恒压过滤 constant-pressure filtration滤饼阻力 cake resistance 滤饼洗涤 washing filter cakes置换洗涤 displacement washing离心过滤 centrifugal filtration,Mechanical seperations,滤浆 slurry滤饼 cake重力沉降过程 gravity settling progress降尘室 dust-settling chamber沉降 sedimentation沉降槽/增稠器 gravity thickener离心沉降 centrifugal settling,Mechanical Seperations,间歇压滤机 discontinuous pressure filter连续过滤离心机 continuous filtering centrifugals转筒真空过滤机 rotary vacuum filter分级器 sorting classfier旋风分离器 cyclones,Heat Transfer 1,热传递 heat transfer/transport；heat transmisson热传导 heat conduction; thermal conduction对流 convection自然对流 natural convection强制对流 forced convection导热系数 heat/thermal conductivity; heat transfer coefficient焓 enthalpy,Topical Heat-transfer Equipment,Heat Transfer 2,温度分布 temperature distribution物理性质 physical property付立叶定律 Fouriers law稳态导热 steady-state conduction热阻 thermal resistance算术平均温度 arithmetic average temperature,Heat Transfer 3,圆筒壁 thick-walled cylinder换热器 heat-exchange equipment 套管换热器 double-pipe heat exchange单程管式换热器 single-pass tubular heat exchange冷流体入口 cold-liquid inlet热流体出口 warm-liquid outlet,Heat Transfer 4,逆流与并流 countercurrent and parallel-current flows countercurrent flow i.e counterflow焓衡算 enthalpy balance局部温差 local temperature difference总传热系数 overall heat-transfer coefficient对数平均温差 logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD),Heat Transfer 5,换热器的端温差 approaches多程换热器 multipass exchanger并流、逆流和错流 parallel, countercurrent, and crossflow温差校正因子 temperature-drop correction factor努塞尔准数 Nusselt Number附加热阻 additional resistance to heat-flow污垢热阻系数 fouling factor,Heat Transfer 6,传热单元数 number of heat-transfer units传热单元长度 length of one heat-transfer units热边界层 thermal boundary layer,Distillation 1,汽液平衡Vapor-liquid equilibrium/equilibria逸度 Fugacity逸度系数 Fugacity coefficient活度系数 Activity coefficient分配系数 Distribution coefficient相对挥发度 Relative volatility拉乌尔定律 Raoults law,Topical Distillation Equipment,Distillation 2,精馏 rectifying精馏段 rectifying section提馏段 stripping section操作线 operating line理论板 perfect/ideal plate板效率 plate/stage efficiency 理论板数 number of ideal stages,Distillation 3,加料板 Feed plate再沸器 Reboiler恒摩尔溢流Constant molal overflow回流比 Reflux ratio 分凝器 Partial condenser进料状态 Feed condutions进料状态线 Feed line,Distillation 4,加料位置的确定 feed-plate location最小回流/全回流minimum/ total reflux适宜回流比 optimum reflux ratio恒浓区 invariant zone,Gas Absorption 1,吸收剂 absorbent填料吸收塔 packed absorption tower解吸/脱吸 desorption溶解度 solubility平衡线 equilibrium curve化学吸收 chemical absorption物理吸收 physical absorption,Topical Tower Packing,填料 tower packing or tower filling鲍尔环 pall ring拉西环 raschig ring弧鞍 berl saddle矩鞍 intalox saddle双螺旋环 double-spiral ring低浓/高浓液相 weak liquor/strong liquor,Gas Absorption 2,液泛速度 flooding velocity持液量 holdup of liquid载液点 loading point泛点 flooding point最小液气比 minimum liquid-gas ratio传质系数 mass-transfer coefficient双阻力/双膜理论 double-resistance theory,Gas Absorption 3,扩散系数 diffusivity吸收因子 absorption factor传质单元高度 the height of one mass-transfer unit (HTU)传质单元数 number of mass-transfer unit (NTU),Liqud Extraction 1,三角坐标 Triangular coordinate溶剂与稀释剂的部分互溶Partial miscibility of solvent and diluent临界混溶点 plait point萃取相 extract萃余相 raffinate,Liqud Extraction 2,萃取塔extraction tower混合澄清槽mixer-settler转盘萃取塔 Rotating disc column (RDC)填料萃取塔 Packed column筛板塔 Perforated-plate column喷洒塔 Spray column搅拌式萃取塔 agitated tower,Drying 1,湿度 humidity湿度计 hygrometer吸水性固体 hygroscopic solid平衡湿分 equilibrium moisture自由湿分 free moisture结合、非结合水bound and unbound water热敏性物料 heat-sensitive material,Drying Equipment,箱式/盘式干燥器 tray dryer带式干燥器 Screen-conveyor dryer热空气加热逆流转筒干燥器 Countercurrent air-heated rotary dryer带粉碎机