八年级英语第二单元知识点及习题.doc

八年级英语第二单元知识点及习题语言知识精讲1、How often do you exercise?你多久锻炼一次？(P9 标题) （1） how often 表示“多久一次”。用来询问动作的频率。其答语通常是once a day, often, usually, every day, never, sometimes, three times a week等。 比如：-How often do you exercise?你多久锻炼一次？ -Once a day. 一天一次。拓展类似表示频率的词汇还有：once in a while (偶尔)，seldom(很少)，hardly(几乎不)，every two weeks(没两个星期)。其中hardly和seldom在居中表示否定的意义，对这些词汇的提问也用how often。练习： ( )1. - _ do you go to the sports club? - At least once a week. A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How far ( ) 2. Tina _ three times a week. She is very healthy. A. exercise B. exercises C. exercising 2、help with housework 帮助做家务（P9 1a） （1）help with sth. 意为“帮助做某事”。 如：我的弟弟经常在家帮助做家务。翻译：My brother often helps with housework at home.【拓展】：help sb. with sth.= help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事help oneself (to sth.)意为“随便吃（某物）；款待”(2)housework是不可数名词，意为“家务劳动；家务活”如：My mother often does the housework on weekends.我的母亲经常周末做家务。 3、sometimes有时（P9 1b） 【辨析】sometimes， sometime， some time， some times （1）sometimes 是一个频度副词，相当于at times ,意为“有时”，可置于句首、句中或者句末。 -What do you often do after school? -I often do my homework, but sometimes I watch TV. (2)sometime是一个副词，意为“在某个时候；日后”，指一个不确定的时间，常与过去时的谓语动词或将来时得谓语动词搭配，谓语其所属的时间状语之前。 We shall have a school meeting sometime next week.我们将于下周某个时候开校务会议。 （3）some time 意为“一些时候；一段时间”，在句中与延续性动词连用。 Last summer I went to Italy and worked there for some time. 去年夏天我去了意大利，在那里工作了一段时间。 （4）some times 意为“几次；几倍”。其中time是可数名词，意为“次；回”。 He has been to Beijing some times. 他到北京去过好几次了。 4、hardly ever 几乎从不（P9 1b） Hardly是个副词，含否定意义，她的位置通常在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实意动词之前。与ever连用时，意为“几乎从不；很少”，意义上接近于almost never.He could hardly see anything.他几乎什么也看不见。翻译：这儿几乎不从不下雨。 It hardly ever rains here. -How is Susan? -Oh, she lives abroad, so I _ ever see her. A. hardly B. greatly C. clearly D. nearly 5、Hmm next week is quite full for me, Jack.嗯我下周很忙，杰克。（P10 2d）full adj.忙的；满的；充满的；饱的。作“忙的”讲时相当于busy。常用结构有：be full of充满的，相当于be filled with.Every glass is full of water.每个玻璃杯都装满了水。翻译：篮子里装满了各种各样的水果。 The basket is full of kinds of fruits.=The basket is filled with kinds of fruits. 6、How come ？ How come 意为“为什么呢？怎么会呢？”相当于Why?用以询问某事为什么会发生，或者为什么会有某种情况存在。可单独使用，也可接陈述语序的从句。How come he got the job?她为什么会得到这份工作呢？How come you are late?你怎么迟到了？翻译：你今天早晨迟到了一个小时，怎么回事？ You were an hour late this morning, how come? 7、如何使用频度副词（P11）(1)常见的频度副词有always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never等。（2）如何区分它们表示动作重复的程度： always意为“总是；一直”，频率最高，表示动作状态持续，中间没有间断，其反义词是never。 The sun always rises in the east.太阳总是从东方升起。usually意为“通常”，即很少例外，频率仅次于always。I usually go to school by bike .often意为“经常；常常”，不如usually那么频繁，表示动作重复，偶有间断。She often helps me with my English.sometimes意为“有时；不时”，频率比often低，表示动作偶有发生，间断较大。Sometimes they play football on Sunday afternoon。他们有时候在星期天下午踢足球。seldom意为“很少；不常”频率次于sometimes。He is seldom late for school。他上学很少迟到。never意为“从不；决不”频率为零。Simon is never at home on Sundays.西蒙星期天从来不在家。练习： 1、 If my friend have any problem， my door is _ open to them. A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. always2. -Where shall we eat tonight? - Let s call Harry. He _ knows the best places to go. A. only B. nearly C. seldom D. always 8、She says its good for my health. 她说它（牛奶）有益于我的健康。（P12 1b） be good for 意为“对有好处，对有益处、有效、使用”后接人或事物的代词或者名词。 Reading books is good for you. 读书对你有好处。 The medicine is good for headaches.这药可治头痛。 9、We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day.我们发现我们的学生中仅有百分之十五的人每天锻炼（P13 2b） We found that后面是一个宾语从句，其中find意为“发觉、发现”，有以下用法： （1）find意为“发现、发觉”。 作此意解时，其后接“宾语+补语”。作宾补的动词用现在分词还是过去分词取决于动词同宾语之间的关系。 When they got to school, they found the door locked. They found her walking alone on the beach. (2)find后接从句 Find后接that从句，表示“发现一个事实或者真理”He found that some of the natives knew his language.他发现有一些当地人懂得他的语言。 10、 but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day. 但是我们惊讶的是他们中有百分之九十每天都上网。（P13 2b） be surprised后接that从句，意为“对很惊讶、吃惊”；be surprised at sth. 意为“对某事感到惊讶”；be surprised to do sth.意为“对做某事感到惊讶”。 Im surprised that you are the only one to think in that way.我很惊讶，你是唯一一个那样想的人。 I was surprised at his answer.11、at least至少（P13 2b） at least是介词短语，表示数量或者程度，意为“至少，起码”其反义词是at most意为“最多；至多”。I study at least for 6 hours every day.我每天至少学习6个小时。Here are at least fifty students in the class.【拓展】least是little的最高级，意为“最小，最少，最小的”He has the least money of the three.这三个人中，他的钱最少。12、although conj.虽然；尽管；即使（P13 2b）although可以引导让步状语从句。Although Though she gave no sign , I was sure she had seen me.尽管她没有示意，我还是确信她看见我了。【拓展】although=though用作连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，这两个词都不能与but连用，即用了although、though就不能再用but,不过可以与yetstill一起使用。 Even thoughif即使、尽管；as thoughif好像，仿佛（这两个词组中though不能换为although） 翻译：尽管他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。 Althoughthough he is in poor health, he works hard. He is in poor health, but he works hard. 13、through（P13 2b） (1)通过，经过 We walked through the market to the truck park. 我们步行穿过市场到了卡车停车场。 The thief got in through the window.小偷是通过这扇窗户进来的。（2）借着；以；经由He became rich through hard work.他靠努力工作致富。（3）在一带；在之内We travelled through France and Belgium on our holidays.假期里我们在法国、比利时一带旅游。 14、Exercise such as playing sports is fun 向体育活动这样的锻炼方式很有趣（P13 2b）【辨析】such as , for example (1)such as作“例如”讲，用来举例同类人或事物中的几个例子。 Some of the European languages come from Latin, such as French,Italian and Spanish.有些欧洲语言来源于拉丁语，例如法语、意大利语和西班牙语。 （2）for example作“例如”讲时，一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，做插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。 For example, air is invisible.例如，空气是看不见的。 Playing sports属于动名词短语，一般来说，动名词（短语）作主语表示一种抽象的和泛指动作。 Seeing is believing。眼见为实。 【注意】动名词或动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 15. And remember ,“Old habits die hard.”请记住：“旧习难改”。（P13 2b） (1) Old habits die hard.(旧习难改)是英语中的一句谚语，表示习惯一旦养成，并非朝夕可改，多用来描述人们一时难以改变的固有观念以及做法。 Old habits die hard. Thats why you should stop smoking before the habits takes hold. 旧习难改，这就是你应该在习惯形成之前戒烟的原因。 (2)die为短暂性动词，其现在分词是dying，过去式是died. Her grandma died at age of 70.她的奶奶70岁时去世了。 Die对应的形容词是dead,名词是death.【注意】如果后面为延续性时间，则不能用动词die,只能用形容词来表达，die用于进行时时，表示“即将死去” The old man is dying.这个老人奄奄一息。 Lei Feng was dead of many years. But death cant bring him away from peoples heart .16、less than 和more than(P15 3a) Less than用在数字前表示“不到，不足”，和more than在意思上相对。more than表示“超过”，相当于over；less than和more than中的less和more，分别是little和muchmany的比较级。其中more than还可以修饰名词，表示“不仅仅”。 He bought the book for less than 10 yuan.他花了不足10元钱买了这本书。 Hes more than a singer. He s also a dancer.练习：一、单项选择。 （ ）1、Enough sleep _ health. If you stay up for your favorite TV programs, you will feel sleepy. A. is good for B. is good at C. is good to D. does well in ( ) 2.-You bought the car about three years ago? -Yes._ its old, it still run well. A. Because B. For C. Although D. But ( ) 3.You can get the book _ your local distributor(当地经销商) A. on B. through C. with D. in ( ) 4. He bought a lot of fruit,_ apples and oranges. A. such as B. for example C. same as D. so as ( ) 5. He was born in 1847 and _ in 1913. A. death B. dead C. died D. die ( ) 6. This city has a population of more than 1000000.(同义替换) A. less than B. less C. for D. over ( ) 7. David was so excited at the good news that he could _ Say a word. A. nearly B. hard C. ever D. hardly ( ) 8.-_ do you have an Art Festival in your school? -Once a year. ( ) 9.-What was the weather like ? -It rained _ and people could _ go out. A. hardly; hard B. hard; hardly C. hard; hard D. hardly; hardly ( ) 10. We are going to have a party _ next week. A. sometime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times ( ) 11. I cant eat any more food. I am _. A. busy B. hungry C. full D. serious ( ) 12. Take more _ ,and youll be thinner and healthier. A. exercise B. homework C. medicine D. meals ( ) 13. -Steve, _ do you play basketball after school? -Twice a week. It can keep me healthy. A. how far B. how soon C. how long D. how often ( ) 14. -Zhang Lili,“ the most beautiful teacher ”, has moved us deeply. -Yes, and she is _ popular with her students. A. sometimes B. never C. always D.hardly ( ) 15. We can be thankful every day, not just _ Thanksgiving Day. A. in B. on C. to D. by ( ) 16. Lee _ all night in order to watch the football match between France and Italy. A. put up B. stayed up C. got up D. showed up ( ) 17. -Is your friend Michael still in Australia? -I dont know. I have _ information(信息) about him because we havent seen each other for _ years. A. a little; a few B. little, a few C. a few, a little D. few , a little 二、根据句意及汉语提示，填如恰当的单词。 1、The river runs _(穿过) the city. 2、This is _(这样的) a beautiful garden. I love it very much. 3、-A year later my dog _（死亡） -Im sorry to hear that.三、用所给单词的恰当形式填空。 4、If you want to be healthier ,you should take _ (much) exercise and eat _(little)meat. 5、_(eat) an apple a day is good for your health. 6. It is good to relax by _(use) the Internet or watching game show. 7. Most students have good _ (habit). 8.This was a traffic accident(交通事故). Many people _(die) 四、根据汉语意思完成句子。 1、刘老师对玛丽的想法感到惊奇。 Mr. Liu _ _ Marys idea. 2、我不喜欢水果，例如苹果和香蕉。 I like fruit, _ apples and bananas. 3、杰克擅长数学。Jack _ _ _ math。完形填空：Mr.AndMrs.Wangareveryforgetful(健忘).Forexample, Mr.Wang sometimesgoestoworkonSundaymorning,becausehe thinksitis1.AndMrs.Wangsometimesforgetstocooksupperforthefamily.Onesummertheyplannedto2toNewYorkfortheirholidays.Theygottotheairportonlytenminutes3theplanetookoff.SotimewasshortBut4Mrs. WangsaidshemusttellLingLing, theirdaughter, nottoforgetto5thefrontdoorwhenshewenttoschool.ButLingLingthenwasatschool.Theycouldnttellheraboutitby6.Sotheyhurriedtothepostoffice.Mrs.WangwroteashortnotetoLingLing,andMr.Wangboughta7andan envelope(信封).Soonthenotewasready. Theyputthestampontheenvelope信封)inahurryanddroppeditin theletter8, butsuddenlyMrs.Wangbegantocry.Theshortnotewas9inherhand.Shehadputtheplaneticketsinthe10.()1.A.sunnyB.cloudyC.MondayD.Sunday( )2.A.walkB.driveC.flyD.run( )3.A.beforeB.oftenC.whenD.because()4.A.oftenB.everC.alwaysD.suddenly()5.A.openB.lockC.closedD.push()6.A.planeB.trainC.telephoneD.bus()7.A.noteB.penC.stampD.letter()8.A.envelopeB.boxC./D.office()9.A.stillB.alreadyC.alwaysD.not()10.A.planeB.envelopeC.handD.schoolHOMEWORK:（ ）1.How often does your sister surf the internet? About .A. three time B. three times C. three time every day D. three times a day （ ）2. When is your father going to Hong Kong? He is going there July 28th. A. on B. atC. inD. to（ ）3. Thank you for me find my little cat yesterday. A. helpB. helpsC. helpedD. helping（ ）4.Are you good at ? A. swimB. swimmingC. to swimD. swam（ ）5. Could I please use your computer? . A. Yes, I can. B. Yes, you cant C. Sor