46《英语句子种类与类型》

2010高考英语 语法 专题复习系列课件 46 英语句子种类与类型 审校 王伟 英语句子种类与类型 I 句子种类 按交际用途分 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句 THERE BE存在句II 句子类型 按句子结构分 简单句 并列句 复合句 并列复合句 提纲 I 句子种类 按交际用途分 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句 THERE BE存在句 1 陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个看法 有肯定式和否定式 语序是主语在前 位于在后 Shearrivedearly Shecannothavearrivednow 注 1 半否定句Ihardlyknowanythingaboutit 2 部分否定句与全否定句Idon tlikeboththefilms IlikeneitherCathynorMary 3 否定转移Idon tthinkitwillbeverycoldtoday believe expect suppose imagine I 句子种类 2 疑问句有一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择疑问句 反义疑问句 I 句子种类 1 一般疑问句用来询问一件事 答案通常是yes或no 注意语序 Haveyouanythingtosay Didsomeonephonemelastnight Can tyouunderstandit Isn titabeautifullake Haven tyoubeentotheUK No Ihaven t 2 特殊疑问句疑问词有who whose what which where when why how等 I 句子种类 1 陈述语序Whowasthefirstmaninspace 2 倒装语序Whoareyoutalkingabout 注 A 简略式Whynotgoalone Whygetsoangry How Whatabouttakingarest B 复杂特殊疑问句Whatdoyouthinkhehasdone I 句子种类 3 选择疑问句 1 以一般疑问句为基础Isheateacheroradoctororapoliceman ShallIhelpyouorcanyoumanage 2 以特殊疑问句为基础Whichdoyouprefer redwineorwhite Howshallwegothere Bybusorbytrain I 句子种类 4 反义疑问句问 或 答 或 1 TomhardlyknowsFrench 2 Marydidn tfailherexam didshe shedidn t 3 Youneedn tcome you Youneedtocome you 4 Hehadabigtimethere he Hehadacar he Wehardlyhavetogetupearly we 5 HeusedtoliveinLeeds he 6 Let sgotothematchatonce we Leavemealone you 7 Theyhavebeenlearningtodrive they 8 Noonewashurt 9 Thereisnodoubt aboutit 10 Annahasn tgottogotoschoolonSunday she I 句子种类 4 反义疑问句 3 祈使句表达命令 要求 请求 劝告等 用原形 I 句子种类 1 带第二人称的祈使句Bequiet please Don tmakeanynoise Youcallataxi Don tyouforgetit 强调 Givemeahand will won t would wouldn you 2 带第一 三人称的祈使句Letmetryagain Let sgo Letusgo Let snotsayanythingaboutit Don tlet ssay Lethimbehereby10o clock I 句子种类 3 祈使句 注意 1 加强语气Dobecarefulofmybrokenleg Doletmehaveanothertry 2 祈使句的省略式A ShallIopenthewindow B Yes pleasedo No pleasedon t A Shallwewatchthegame B Yes let s 4 感叹句由what或how引导的 表示惊奇 愤怒 赞赏 喜悦等 I 句子种类 Whatacutebabyitis Whatfineweatherwehavetoday Whatagoodtimewehadlastnight Howfoolishsheis Howclearlyyouspeak Howcleveraboyheis Whatadirtyroom Whatinterestingfilms I 句子种类 5 THERE BE存在句 Thereisaclockonthetable OncetherelivedakingcalledLear Theregoesthebell Herecomethebus Herehecomes Thereusedtobeavillageatthefootofthemountain Thereiscertaintobeaheavyraintonight Thereseemstobesomemisunderstanding Thereisababycryinginthenextdoor Therebeingnobus wehadtowalkhome II 句子类型 按句子结构分 简单句 并列句 复合句 并列复合句 二 句子类型 1 简单句只包含一个主谓结构 个个成分都是单词或短语的句子 AllroadsleadtoRome Hegotup dressedquickly washedhimselfandwentout Isheasuperman Don tbeshy Haveatry Themandressedinblackseemstobeaspy 二 句子类型 2 并列句包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构 分句由并列连词and then but or orelse so for while when both and either or neither nor notonly butalso aswellas等来连接 Heisabasketballfan andhiswifeisavolleyballfan Honeyissweet butthebeestings Don tbelate forthereisameeting Hurryup oryou llbelate Heworkshardwhilehisbrotherisalazybone HewasenjoyinghisKFCwhenafriendcame 二 句子类型 3 复合句复合句的某个成分 如主语 宾语 表语 同位语 定语 状语等 由另一个句子承当 1 名词性从句主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句统称为名词性从句 宾语从句注意事项 引导词 语序 时态呼应 语态 主语 表语 同位从句注意事项 引导词 语序 语态 注意 1 whether与if的区别 2 陈述句变来的名词性从句由什么引导 那么 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择疑问句 感叹句变来的呢 二 句子类型 3 复合句 2 定语从句 先行词 引导词 其它 引导词的选用取决于 1 先行词 2 先行词的修饰语 3 引导词在定语从句中的成分 注意 定语从句中的主谓一致 3 复合句 3 状语从句即用作状语的分句 可作下列状语 1 时间 after before as when while since till until whenever aslongas assoonas themoment everytime nexttime nosooner than hardly when 2 地点 where wherever 3 方式 as asif asthough 4 程度 as as morethan so that such that 二 句子类型 5 原因 because since as nowthat that 6 结果 sothat so that such that 7 目的 sothat inorderthat incase 8 条件 if unless 9 让步 though although evenif eventhough inspiteofthefactthat whenever whe