动词的时和体1.ppt

Whatistense Ingrammar aninflectedformofaverbindicatingthetimeofanarratedeventinrelationtothetimeatwhichthenarratorisspeaking EncyclopediaBritannica语法中用以说明一叙述事件发生事件与叙述者说话时间的相对关系的词性变化形式 大不列颠百科全书 Lecture11TenseandAspect I thesimplepresentthesimplepastthepresentprogressivethepastprogressive 11 1UsesofSimplePresent Definition Thesimplepresentisthepresenttenseformwhichisnotaccompaniedbythecategoryofaspect thatiswhichisnotmarkedfortheprogressiveortheperfectiveaspect 1 Timelesspresent2 Habitualpresent3 Momentaryandinstantaneouspresent4 Referringtothefuture5 Referringtothepast Uses form Function 1 TimelessPresent Honestyisthebestpolicy Arollingstonegathersnomoss LondonstandsontheRiverThames ThisuseofthesimplepresentmostlyappliestoStativeVerbs 2 HabitualPresent Expressionsfor Frequency simplepresent usedwhenmentioning always habits aslongasIcanremember customs habitsskillscustoms Iusuallywork9to5 HeoftenplaysgolfonSaturday Wealwayseatdinnertogether Frequently wehavelunchout Wenevereatbreakfasttogether impliedtime weaken indicatespermanence 3 MomentaryandInstantaneousPresent What sthematterwithyou Youlookpale Whatdoyouthink Jane A Momentarypresent 现时状态 sound look feel smile taste be exist like hate dislike think remember find believe belongto own have etc hassomeduration associatedwithstativeverbs theeventtakesplacesinglyandonce for allwithinthemomentofspeaking B InstantaneousPresent 现在瞬间动作 haslittleornoduration Usedincertainspeechsituationssuchas Alwaysdynamic a Commentariesoffast movingsports HarperpassestheballtoJennings Jenningsshootsandthegoalkeeperleapsforitbut yes it sagoal Conjuror Look Itakethiscardfromthepackandplaceitunderthehandkerchief so Demonstrator NowIputthecakemixtureintothisbowlandaddadropofvanillaessence c Someformaldeclarations b Therunningcommentary Ideclarethemeetingopen 4 ReferringtotheFuture futureeventsconceivedofas certain if when calendartimetableplanarrangement Threesubclauses Ihope Ibet seetoit makesure makecertain Ihopeyouhaveagoodtime Ihopeyouwillhaveagoodtime I llmakesureyoudon tgetlost youwon tgetlost Ifitwillbefinetomorrow Ifitisfinetomorrow wewillgotothecountryside wrong 在时间 条件 让步状语从句中表示将来的动作 表示按时刻表计划或安排好的动作 只限于表示起始或移动意义的动词 begin come leave start arrive go etc I lltellhimaboutitwhenhehome TheplaneforSanFrancisco at9 returns takesoff Iwillgofishingbymyself evenifshedoesn tcomethisSat 5 SimplePresentReferringtothePast a CommunicationVerbs tell say hear learn write toexpressthepresenteffectofinformationreceivedinthepast Alicetellsmeyou reenteringcollegenextyear IhearpooroldMrs Smithhaslostherson b HistoricPresent asadeviceofstory tellingandnewsreportingtoaddvividnesstothedescription Iwasjustdozingoffinfrontofthetelevisionwhenmywiferushesinshoutingthatthekitchenisonfire Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection A hascompletedB completesC hasbeencompletedD iscompleted D CanIhelpyou sir Yes Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday butit A didn tworkB won tworkC can tworkD doesn twork D Doyoulikethematerial Yes it verysoft A isfeelingB felt B feelsD isfelt B 11 2UsesofSimplePastTense 时间状语有 yesterday lastweek anhourago theotherday in1982 beforeliberation inthepast等 Where yougojustnow I see Tominthestreetyesterday I buy thisTVsetinBeijinglastyear WhenI be achild Ioften play footballinthestreet Healways go toworkbybus 2 表示在过去一段时间内 经常性或习惯性的动作 1 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态 did saw bought was played went Iusedtodrinkacupofcoffeinthemorning 3 用过去时表示现在 表示语气委婉礼貌 1 动词want hope wonder think intend等 例如 Didyouwantanythingelse Iwantedtoaskyouaboutthat Didyouwanttospeaktomenow Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme 2 情态动词could would 例如 Couldyoulendmeyourbike 4 用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气 IfIwereabird IwouldflytoBeijing Ifhewereherenow wecouldturntohimforhelp 注意比较下列句型 Itistimeforsb todosth 到 时间了 该 了 例如 Itistimeforyoutogotobed 你该睡觉了 Itistimesb didsth 时间已迟了 早该 了 例如 Itistimeyouwenttobed 你早该睡觉了 would had rathersb didsth 表示 宁愿某人做某事 例如 I dratheryoucametomorrow 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去 现已不复存在 Christinewasaninvalidallherlife 含义 她已不在人间 Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife 含义 她现在还活着 Mrs DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears 含义 达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州 Mrs DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears 含义 现在还住在肯塔基州 有可能指刚离去 Yourphonenumberagain I quitecatchit It s9568442 A didn tB couldn tC don tD can t A A wasmissingB hadmissedC willmissD missed Mymindwasn tonwhathewassayingsoI mafraidI halfofit D 11 3ThePresentContinuousTense 表示说话的时刻正在进行的动作 is am aredoing Whataretheydoing Theyareplayinginthegarden 表示现阶段正在进行的动作 尽管此刻这个动作可能并不在进行 eg Themanageristypinghislettersthesedays leave go come arrive start etc 表示将来发生的动作 限于一些表示起始和移动等意义的动词 例如 eg Thetrainisarrivingsoon eg Theyaregoingabroadforholidays 表示满意 称赞 关切 抱怨 不满等情感 常与always forever constantly continually等词连用 eg Heisalwayshelpingpeople 现在进行时所表示的动作具有临时性 生动性 非完全性等特点 eg HeislivinginBeijing eg Heiswalkingtoworkbecausehisbicycleisbeingrepaired know see love remember like want realize etc 表示知觉 状态 具有 感情类的动词 一般不可用于进行时态 如 11 4UsesofthePastContinuousTense was weredoing 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 eg Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday eg Iwaswritingaletterwhenshecamein 表示过去某阶段在进行的暂时性习惯动作 eg Heisadoctor butatthattimehewasworkinginalaboratory 表示过去将要发生的动作 但只限于一些表示起始和移动意义的动词 eg Ihadthoughtthathewascomingtoseemethenextday buthedidn t eg WhenIgotthere theywerepreparingfortheirtrip astheywereleavingthatafternoon 表示过去打算实现 但没有实现的动作 eg Iwascoming butmycarbrokedown 表示刚才的情况 eg Iwasaskingwhatyouthoughtofit eg Canyougivemetherightanswer Sorry Iwasn tlistening Wouldyoupleaserepeatthatquestion Idon tthinkJimsawme he intospace A juststaredB wasjuststaringC hasjuststaredD hadjuststared B 持续动词的进行时表动作正在进行中 表示来 去 开始 终结 离开 到达等意义的瞬间 动词的进行时表即将发生的动作 短时动作的进行时表动作的多次重复 4类动词不宜用进行时 1 表心理状态 情感的动词 love hate like care respect please prefer understand know forget remember believe want mind agree wish recognize mean need 2 表存在的状态 appear exist lie 位于 remain stand 位于 seem belongto dependon own have Eg Wuhanlies standsontheChangjiangRiver 3 表一时性动作的动词 accept allow admit complete decide end give receive refuse permit promise etc 4 表感官的动词 see hear notice feel smell sound taste look etc 1 Look Howwonderfulmycaris Oh Jack Whatareyouthinkingabout Don tyoulikeit I msorryI anyremarkaboutitintime Icertainlythinkit ssmart A wasn tmakingB don tmakeC won tmakeD didn tmake2 TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity sorapidlyalltheseyears A ischangingB haschangedC willhavechangedD willchange3 He quitewell buthehasn thadtimetoswimsincethissummer A willswimB haveswumC swamD swims4 Jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup buthe bynow A hasn tturnedupB doesn tturnupC won tturnupD hadn tturnedup D A D A 5 I mterriblysorryforbeinglate butI thewrongbus A catchB hadcaughtC caughtD catching6 Thetruth sir isthattheoldman acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim A wastowalkB hadbeenwalkingC walkedD waswalking7 Ireallydon tthinkRosewillbeupset butIwillgoandseeherincaseshe A isB doesC willbeD hasbeen8 Thecomputersmadebyourcompanysellbest butseveralyearsagonoonecouldhaveimaginedtheroleinthemarketsthatthey A wereplayingB weretoplayC hadplayedD played C D A B 9 Kateisinhospital Oh really I visither A didn tknow I llgoandB don tknow I llgoandC don tknow I mgoingtoD didn tknow I mgoingto10 Where theguidebook Ican tseeitanywhere I itrighthere butnowit sgone A didyouput haveputB hadyouput haveputC haveyouput putD wereyouputting put11 Doyouliveinthiscity No we itforholidays A justvisitB justvisitedC arejustvisitingD havevisited12 Howistheoldmannow Sorry he thoughtheydidalltheycouldtosavehim A wasdeadB haddiedC hasbeendeadD died A C C D 13 Thelakewillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures A willbetakenB aretakenC weretakenD hadbeentaken14 I mafraiditwillbetwomonths A whenIcomebackB whenI llcomebackC beforeIcomebackD beforeI llcomeback15 Theworkers busilywhenthebosscametolookforsomethinghe intheoffice A hadworked hadleftB wereworking hadleftC working hadleftD hadworked left16 Thenotice Nosmoking A istoldB readsC tellsD isread B A B B 17 Theoldman twodaysafterhehadbeensenttohospital A diedB woulddieC haddiedD hasdied18 OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile butsoon tohisoldways A returnedB returnsC wasreturningD hadreturned19 I myson adoctor buthewasn tgoodenoughatscience A hoped wouldbecomeB hadhoped wouldbecomeC hadhoped willbecomeD hope willbecome20 I totakeagoodholidaythisyear butIwasn tabletogetaway A hopeB havehopedC hadhopedD hoped21 Helen herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband home A hasleft comesB left hadcomeC hadleft cameD hadleft wouldcome A A B C C 22 Nancy notcome tognight Butshe promise 23 Comeon Peter Iwanttoshowyousth Oh howniceofyou I notthink you go tobringmeagift 24 Thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshe arrive 25 We walk tothestation Itwassonear Yes ataxi be atallnecessary 26 Shemusthavearrivedtherelastnight she wasn t is