翻译义04.doc

本周课后作业：结 业 证 书 某某某（男/女）于某年某月在武汉大学留学生教育学院进修国际汉语教师培训课程，总课时为136学时，完成规定的学习内容，经考核成绩合格，准予结业。 武汉大学留学生教育学院 某年某月某日上周课后作业：1 It has always been said against Hemingway that he gravely handicaps himself by dealing with violent action rather than the act of intelligence; that he has falsely equated expression with insincerity. It is true that he seems most at home with characters who say little. 人们时常批判海明威的作品有很大的局限性，说他只写人物的粗暴莽撞，不写人物的深谋远虑，又错误地把情感的外露等同于虚伪。的确，他好像特别擅于塑造寡言少语的人物。2 The stresses of city living with all its hectic business pressures means where you live must be so much more than a house - ideally a rejuvenating retreat that soothes. 都市生活的繁忙和紧张给人们带来了很大的压力，也对城市住房提出了更高的要求。理想居所的涵义远远不止是一座房子，它应该是你的避风港，给你安慰和安宁。3 “Rules of thumb” is far from enough for translators. Translators must also know the reasons for such rules. Since only then can they apply these rules with insight and discrimination to practice. 译者对翻译规律不但要知其然，还要知其所以然。唯有如此，方能根据不同情况做到运用自如。-Shift of perspective means changing the mode of expression of the ST in the TT so as to help make the translation readable and logical.1. Transformation of parts of speechThe visiting guests were escorted to the Yellow Crane Tower last Sunday. 上个星期天，来访的客人和陪同人员一起参观了黄鹤楼。 It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society. 生于社会，不能脱离社会。 With every imaginable obstacle in their way, they fall in love. 尽管知道障碍重重，他们还是相爱了。 I had never watched a woman cry without feeling responsible before.这是我第一次看着一个女人流泪，而不必对她的眼泪负责。 2. Transformation of sentence elementsAmerican education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson. 托马斯杰斐逊对美国的教育事业作出了巨大贡献。You can always tell the somebodies from the nobodies at a cocktail party. The somebodies come late. 在鸡尾酒会上人们总是能区分出大人物和无名小卒来。那些姗姗来迟的就是大人物。 Environments that stimulate involvement and communication are ones that are perceived to be warm, provide comfortable seating, and are relatively intimate. 气氛温暖、座位舒适、感觉私密的环境能让身处其中的人更愿意彼此交流、共同参与。 3. Transformation of idiomatic modes of expressionA dozen and a half airplanes poured out into the airport during that five minutes.5分钟之内共有18架飞机涌进了机场。 Five decades have passed since they left their hometown. 他们离开家乡已经有50年了。 But we are getting ahead of the story. 不过我们说到故事后头去了。4. Transformation of word orderAway ran the boy. 男孩跑开了。 Friction can be reduced and the life of the machine prolonged by lubrication.润滑能减少摩擦，延长机器寿命。“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. “来啦！” 她转身跑了过去，越过草地， 跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。 5. Transformation of negative and affirmative modes of expression油漆未干！ Wet paint! 请勿践踏草地！ Keep off the lawn ! It will not be long before we meet again. 我们很快就会再见面。Dont lose time in posting this letter. 赶快把这封信寄出去 。 He is mortally ill. 他得了不治之症。As he sipped his coffee, he opened a still damp morning paper and began reading. 他一面喝咖啡，一面翻开油墨未干的晨报，看了起来。 The significance of these incidents wasnt lost on us. 这些事件引起了我们的重视。 Such a chance was denied me. 我没有得到这样一个机会。 It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. 他无权签订这种合同。 The proposal was carried by a very narrow margin. 这项建议差点通不过。 Apparently she didnt get the memo. Diapers belong on babies, not on 33-year-old women!咱们一定得提醒一下她：纸尿裤是婴儿的专利，33岁的大姐还是别穿了！In the developed countries everything is not perfect. 在发达国家，并非一切都是十全十美的。All that flatter you too much are not faithful friends. 捧你的人并非都是你的忠实朋友。 Both of the proposals are not acceptable. 这两项建议并非都可接受。 We were not unprepared for the war. 我们对战争并不是毫无准备的。It was not without reason that the Security Council decided to take such measures.安理会决定采取这些措施不是没有理由的。I wont trouble nobody about nothing no more. 我再也不为任何事情麻烦任何人了。He never thought of nothing wrong with that machine. 他完全没有想到那台机器会出毛病。6. Transformation of voiceThis town is well supplied with water. 这个镇供水充足。I was raised in an orphans home.我是在孤儿院里长大的。 His acceptance into the Party is a quite natural thing. 他被吸收到党内是完全应该的。 The inflammation is characterized by red, swelling, fever, and pain. 炎症的特点是红、肿、热、痛。 7. Transformation of clausesThey felt that it was much easier and safer to rob their own people, for they knew that white policemen never really searched diligently for Negroes who committed crimes against other Negroes.他们觉得抢劫他们的同种人要安全得多，因为他们知道，如果黑人侵犯的是黑人，白人警察根本不会认真搜捕。 While pigeons do have a strong homing sense, they also have very short memories. 鸽子的恋巢意识虽然十分强烈，但记忆力却非常短暂。课堂练习：When I came to I was in the water, swimming automatically, though I was about two thirds drowned. 当我清醒过来时，发觉自己身在水中，虽然浸得半死，却本能地浮着。 Gathering my faculties, I looked about me. Rain, wind and darkness filled the air. 我定下神来，环顾左右。只见风雨交加，四周一片黑暗。 归化* Adaptation means adapting the mode of expression in SL to suit the taste of the receptors of the TL. In other words, it means making the strange familiar to the TL readers.* Adaptation is often used to handle such modes of expression as idioms, proverbs and metaphorical expressions which might be very hard for the readers of the TL to accept if literally translated. drink like a fish牛饮 a drop in the ocean沧海一粟 seek a hare in a hens nest 缘木求鱼 I was limp as a dish rag. My back felt as through it had been beaten with wires. 我软得像一团棉花，脊背疼痛得好像被钢丝抽打过一样。 Last night I heard him driving his pig to market. 昨夜我听到他鼾声如雷 。 One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy. 一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃 They will be ice-skating in hell the day when I vote the aid for them. 要我投票赞成给他们援助，除非太阳从西边出来。 This company is full of people having two-star abilities with five-star ambitions. 这个公司里满是眼高手低之辈。 To see a world in a grain of sand, 一花一世界， 从一粒沙看世界， 粒沙可观世界， And a heaven in a wild flower. 一沙一天国。 从一朵花看天堂， 瓣花可知天国， Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, 君掌盛无边， 把永恒纳进一个时辰， 指间即是无限， And eternity in an hour. 刹那含永劫。 把无限握在自己手心。 片刻亦是永恒。 -William Blake -李叔同 -王佐良 _When they met again, each had already been married to another. (哪一种译文更好？为什么？)1. 他们再见面时，一个已是“使君有妇”，一个已是“罗敷有夫”了。 2. 他们再见面时，一个已是有妇之夫，一个已是有夫之妇了。 3. 他们再见面时，都已经各自成家了。切分 * Division means splitting an English sentence into two or more than two parts and represents them in Chinese in the light of Chinese grammar and idiomatic usage. Division is in fact a kind of readjusting the syntactic components of the ST in the TT for the purpose of making the version conformable to the grammar and usage of the TL.* Division is a kind of readjusting the syntactic components of the ST so as to make the TT conformable to the grammar and usage of the TL. * Why to use division? It is the result of settling the differences between English and Chinese sentence structures.“All political parties die at last of swallowing their own lies.” - John Arbuthnot 一切政党最后都因吞下了自己的谎言而死。 所有政党最后不免死亡，都是由于谎话梗塞了喉咙。 一切政党最后混不下去，原因不外乎食言太多。 所有政党全是这样：大话说尽之日，即生命告终之时。 一切政党到头来都是：空头支票吃不开，呜呼哀哉。 Splitting an English word 单词分译At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply. 而今人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，因为这样做不招风险。The success rate of up to 90% claimed for lie detectors is misleadingly attractive. 测谎器的成功率据称高达百分之九十，这数据听来颇让人信服，却也容易产生误导。Tobacco addicts remain hopelessly blind to signs that say “No Smoking”. 瘾君子对那些“严禁吸烟”的布告牌视而不见，真是不可救药。 The prisoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels and write censored letters.允许战俘领取红十字会的食品包裹，也允许他们写信，不过信要接受检查 。 Splitting an English phrase 短语分译He arrived in Beijing with his delegates at a ripe moment internationally.他和代表团来到北京，就国际形势来说时机正好合适。His indisputable position in the company and his very handsome income made him a good candidate for husband in her eyes. 他在公司里的地位无可争议，又有相当可观的收入，这使他在她眼里成了不错的丈夫人选。Invitingly green Angel Island, once a military installation, contains meandering trails and picnic spots ideal for a days excursion. 迷人的天使岛郁郁葱葱，小径蜿蜒，是一日游的理想野餐场所。但在过去它却是一个军事基地。Humans, the biggest “killer” rather than natural disasters, are forcing more and more animals to join the dinosaurs in the museum. 人类已成为比天灾更为凶猛的头号“杀手”，导致越来越多的动物濒临灭绝，将和恐龙一样仅在博物馆现身。 Not long from now, the seemingly endless expansion of computer power that has propelled the digital revolution of the past two decades will stop unless major breakthroughs take place. 电脑的能量似乎在无止境地扩大，推动了过去二十年来的数字化革命，然而在不久的将来，如果没有大的突破，电脑影响力的扩大将会终止。 Splitting an English sentence 句子分译Daybreak comes with thick mist and drizzle. 黎明时分，大雾弥漫，细雨濛濛。 He filled neatly two columns of the single-sheet issue with his article.小报只有一张，他的文章整整占了两栏。 He looked after the bar in the larger of the towns two clubs. 镇上有两家俱乐部，他在大的那家工作，负责照看吧台。 Anoto is one of several companies planning to launch wireless pens that convert the written word from ink on paper to digits that can be transmitted by a mobile phone or stored in a personal computer.安诺托是几家正在策划无线电钢笔的公司之一。这种钢笔能把写在纸上的字从墨水转换为数据，通过手机进行传送，或者储存到个人电脑里。Amid mounting social discontent over high unemployment rate and inflation, the government used swift police action to disperse the demonstrators. 高失业率和通货膨胀导致社会的不满情绪加剧。在这种情况下，政府迅速动用了警力驱散示威人群。Powerful words can drive men to madness. They may inspire them, schizophrenically, to acts of self-sacrifice. 慷慨激昂的辞令可以使人听了发狂，也能使人行动起来，连命都不要，就像得了精神分裂症。 He had a sound feeling that idiom was the backbone of a language and he was all for the racy phrase.他有一个很有见地的想法，那就是习语是语言的支柱，因此他大力呼吁应该多使用生动活泼的短语。 他认为习语是语言的支柱，因此极力呼吁多用生动活泼的短语。他的看法是很有道理的。All this had come to an end in 2012 when the medical mission