高中英语 Module 3 Grammar,Cultural Corner and Writing课件 外研版必修3.ppt

grammar culturalcorner thepastperfectpassive过去完成时被动语态 grammari whatcanyouseefromthefollowingsentences 1 bythetimethetornadoended morethan700peoplehadbeenkilled 2 coghlantravelledbacktocanadaafterhehadbeenburiedintexas 动作在过去某一时刻之前已经完成 且谓语动词与发出这一动作的主语存在被动关系 句中常用by before until when等词引导时间状语 过去完成时 1 概念 表示过去的过去 那时以前那时现在其构成是had 过去分词构成 2 用法a 在told said knew heard thought等动词后的宾语从句 shesaid that shehadneverbeentoparis b 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中 发生在先 用过去完成时 发生在后 用一般过去时 whenthepolicearrived thethieveshadrunaway c 表示意向的动词 如hope wish expect think intend mean suppose等 用过去完成时表示 原本 未能 wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome butyoudidn t 3 过去完成时的时间状语before by until when after once assoonas e g 1 hesaidthathehadlearnedsomeenglishbefore 2 bythetimehewastwelve edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself 3 tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty 被动语态 被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者 只有及物动词才有被动语态 被动语态的具体用法如下所表示 直接引语 直接引用别人的话 把它放在引号内 directspeech 间接引语 用自己的话转述别人的话 indirectspeech grammarii iamabeautifulgirl 仔细观察a b c三组句子 注意总结它们的变化规则 a 1 hesaid ilostthebag 2 hesaidthathehadlostthebag b 1 doyouwanttotakepartinthesportsmeeting askedtheteacher 2 theteacheraskedmeif whetheriwantedtotakepartinthesportsmeeting c 1 whenwillyougofishing janeaskedherfather 2 janeaskedherfatherwhenhewouldgofishing 总结归纳 上面三组句子中的第一句是直接引语 第二句是间接引语 它们可以相互转化 转化后的间接引语常常是宾语从句 引导词有如下特征 i 直接引语变间接引语的方法 1 直接引语为陈述句时 变为间接引语 要用that引导的宾语从句 如 thestormwasextremelyviolent saidalocalman alocalmansaidthatthestormhadbeenextremelyviolent 2 直接引语为一般疑问句变为间接引语 要用if whether引导宾语从句 并将原来的疑问语序变为陈述语序 如 theteacherasked iseverybodyheretoday theteacheraskedifeverybodywasherethatday 3 直接引语为特殊疑问句 变为间接引语 用原来的疑问词引导从句 并将疑句语序变为陈述语序 如 whatshallidonext thegirlwondered thegirlwonderedwhatsheshoulddonext 4 直接引语为祈使句 变为间接引语 一般用以下结构 order tell asksb not todo 如 theheadmastersaid don tlitterthefloorwithscrapsofpaper theheadmastertoldusnottolitterthefloorwithscrapsofpaper 5 直接引语变为间接引语时 宾语从句中的人称 时态 代词 时间状语和地点状语等都要作相应变化 人称的变化 遵循一主 二宾 三不变的原则 即 直接引语中的第一人称在变成间接引语时 要和原句中的主语保持一致 直接引语中的第二人称在变成间接引语时 要和原句中的宾语保持一致 直接引语中的第三人在变成间接引语时 保持不变 过去进行时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去将来时 过去完成时 ii 时态的变化 that those then thatday thatnight thatweek month iii 指示代词 时间状语 地点状语等的变化 thedaybefore tendays before thenextday year there go take 温馨提示 1 当直接引语强调的是客观事实或真理 变为间接引语时 从句中的时态不变 如 mr wangsaid theearthtravelsaroundthesun mr wangsaid that theearthtravelsaroundthesun 2 当直接引语中有表示过去的具体的时间状语时 变为间接引语时 从句中的谓语时态可以不变 如 shesaid iwasbornin1995 shesaid that shewasbornin1995 另外 如果在当地或者当天转述 时间状语 地点状语 动词需不需要发生变化 这要看当时的语境来确定 i 将下列直接引语转换为间接引语 1 lindasaid i mmeetingdavidfordinner lindasaid that she davidfordinner 2 billsaid iforgottopaymyelectricitybill billsaid that he topayhiselectricitybill wasmeeting forgotto 练习坊 3 iaskedjack doyouknowthecaller sname iaskedjack 4 theteacheraskedhim whywereyoulateyesterday theteacheraskedhim whetherheknewthecaller sname whyhewas latethedaybefore 5 don tmakesomuchnoise boys theteachersaid theteachertoldtheboys somuchnoise nottomake volcaniceruptiondon thappenveryoftenontheisland ascientistsaidthat 2 noonewasontheislandduringthevolcaniceruption alocaljournalistsaidthat ii rewritethesentencesusingthereportingexpressions 3 thethunderstormwillputoutthefires localpeoplesaidthat 4 theresidentscangobacktotheirhomes thegovernorsaidthat 5 severaleruptionhavetakenplaceinthelasttwentyyears alocalradiostationsaidthat answers 1 volcaniceruptiondidn thappenveryoftenontheisland 2 noonewas hadbeenontheislandduringthevolcaniceruption 3 thethunderstormwouldputoutthefires 4 theresidentscouldgobacktotheirhomes 5 severaleruptionshadtakenplaceintheprevioustwentyyears iii 用括号内所给动词的适当时态和语态填空 1 nothing leave aftertheterriblefirewhich cause bysomeonesmokinginbed 2 wheni get homei find thatoneofmysuitcases disappear got found disappeared wasleft wascaused 3 everythinghehad take awayfromhimbeforehe return tohishometown 4 didhedecidetotakepartinthecompetition yes ofcourse he encourage to wastaken returned wasencouraged culturalcornerearthquakesaroundthepacific thecaliforniaearthquake readthepassageandanswerthequestions 1 wherewastheworstchineseearthquake itwasinhuacountyinshaanxiprovince 2 whatwasthemostdangerousthingaboutthecaliforniaearthquake thefirescausedbytheearthquake findtheusefulwordsandphrasesusedtodescribetheearthquakes terribleearthquakesoccuraffectcoverbekilledinallloseone slife theworstearthquakethefiresburndestroybekilledbemadehomelesscause deaths languagepoints 1 activeadj 活跃的 思想上 充满活力的 积极的 例句 mr brownwasactiveatthepartyyesterday 布朗先生在昨天的聚会上很活跃 mylittlebrotherhasaveryactiveimagination 我小弟弟想象力十分丰富 studentsshouldtakeanactivepartinschoolactivities 学生应该积极参加学校的活动 链接 activelyadv 积极地 活跃地activityn 活动activistn 积极分子 2 thecaliforniaearthquakeofthe18thofapril1906istheworstearthquakethathaseverhappenedintheunitedstates 点拨 本句是一个复合句 thathaseverhappenedintheunitedstates为定语从句修饰先行词earthquake 由于先行词被形容词最高级修饰 所以关系代词用that ofthe18thofapril1906为介词短语做后置定语修饰thecaliforniaearthquake 句意 发生于 1906年4月18日的加利福尼亚大地震是在美国发生过的最强烈的一场地震 whatshouldyoudoifthereisanearthquakeinyourtown 2 inordertohelppeoplewholosttheirfamiliesintheearthquakeinwenchuan whatdidyoudo discussionallofyouhavewitnessedtheearthquakeinwenchuan nowdiscussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartner readtheeye witnessaccountofaviolentnaturaleventandanswerthequestions writing 1 wheredidthishappen 2 whathappenedtothetrees 3 wheredidthepersonhavetostay 4 forhowlong nearthebeach begintomovefromsidetoside intheirrooms abouttwodays 2 writeashortpassageaboutanaturaldisasteryouhaveexperienced sugge