古代成语习语与文言名著英语翻译.doc

论语：吾日三省吾身为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？Each day I examine myself on three things: Whether or not I am loyal to those on whose behalf I act? Whether or not I am trustworthy in my dealings with friends? Whether or not I practice what is taught?巧言令色，鲜矣仁！Saying flattering words and showing flattering manners are seldom associated with virtue.贤贤易色；事父母，能竭其力；事君，能致其身；与朋友交，言而有信。虽曰未学，吾必谓之学矣。If a man can attach importance to his wifes virtue, not her features, treat his parents with filial respect, serve his lord whole-heartedly, and carry out his promises when dealing with friends, I would consider him an educated man, though others may say he has no schooling.不患人不知己，患己不知人。Confucius said, “A person should not care if nobody knows about him. He should be concerned about not knowing about others.” 父母在，不远游；游必有方。Confucius said, “While parents are alive, we should not travel too far. If we have to, we must tell parents where we go.”不在其位，不谋其政。Confucius said, “If a man is not holding a certain position in the government, he should not handle the political affairs which belong to that position.子曰：学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？Confucius said, “Isnt it a pleasure to learn and practice what is learned time and again? Isnt it a delight to have friends come from afar? Isnt it gentlemanly to be unperturbed when not appreciated by others?” 学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。Confucius said, “Learning without thinking is useless while thinking without learning is dangerous.” 温故而知新，可以为师也。Confucius said, “Constantly reviewing what has been acquired, and continuing to acquire new knowledge, one may thus become a teacher.”君子不器。A superior man can not be like a utensil, which can be used for only one purpose学而不厌，诲人不倦。I am fond of learning new things and never be satisfied. I like to teach other people what I have learned and I am never tired of teaching.三人行，必有吾师。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。Confucius said, “Among every three people I am with, one of them can be my teacher. I can at least learn something from him. Learn the good parts from him, and if he has some bad part which I also have, I will correct it.”小不忍则乱大谋。Confucius said, “If a man can not refrain from a small matter, he can ruin the big plan ahead.”子曰：“吾十有五而有志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”（论语为政篇第二） The Master said, “At fifteen I set my heart on learning; at thirty I took my stand; at forty I came to be free from doubts; at fifty I understood the Decree of Heaven; at sixty my ear was atuned; at seventy I followed my hearts desire without over-stepping the line.”子曰：“富与贵，是人之所欲也，不以其道得之，不处也；贫与贱，是人之所恶也，不以其道得之，不去也。君子去仁，恶乎成名？君子无终食之间违仁，造次必于是，颠沛必于是。 ”（论语里仁篇第四）The Master said, “Wealth and high station are what men desire but unless I got them in the right way I could not remain in them. Poverty and low station are what men dislike, but if I cant get rid of them in the right way I would not try to escape from them.”If the gentleman forsakes benevolence, in what way can he make a name for himself? The gentleman never deserts benevolence, not even for as long as it takes to eat a meal. If he hurries and stumbles one may be sure that it is in benevolence that he does so.叶公问孔子于子路，子路不对。子曰：“女奚不曰，其为人也，发愤忘食，乐以忘忧，不知老之将至云尔”。（论语述而篇第七） The Governor of She asked Tzu-lu about Confucius. Tzu-lu did not answer. The Master said, “Why did you not simply say something to this effect: he is the sort of man who forgets to eat when he tries to solve a problem that has been driving him to distraction, who is so full of joy that he forgets his worries and who does not notice the onset of old age?”子曰：“恭而无礼则劳，慎而无礼则葸，勇而无礼则乱，直而无礼则绞。君子笃于亲，则民与于仁；故旧不遗，则民不偷。” （论语泰伯篇第八）The Master said, “Unless a man has the spirit of the rites, in being respectful he will wear himself out, in being careful he will become timid, in having courage he will become unruly, and in being forthright he will become intolerant.“When the gentleman feels profound affection for his parents, the common people will be stirred to benevolence. When he does not forget friends of long standing, the common people will not shirk their obligations to other people.”子曰：“君子有九思：视思明，听思聪，色思温，貌思恭，言思忠，事思敬，疑思问，忿思难，见得思义 。”（论语季氏篇第十六）Confucius said, “There are nine things the gentleman turns his thought to: to seeing clearly when he uses his eyes, to hearing acutely when he uses his ears, to looking cordial when it comes to his countenance, to appearing respectful when it comes to his demeanor, to being conscientious when he speaks, to being reverent when he performs his duties, to seeking advice when he is in doubt, to the consequences when he is enraged, and to what is right at the sight of gain.” 子曰：“由也，女闻六言六蔽矣乎？”对曰：“未也。”“居，吾语女。好仁不好学，其蔽也愚；好知不好学，其蔽也荡；好信不好学，其蔽也贼；好直不好学，其蔽也绞；好勇不好学，其蔽也乱；好刚不好学，其蔽也狂。” （论语阳货篇第十七）The Master said, “You, have you heard about the six qualities and the six attendant faults?”“No.”“Be seated and I shall tell you. To love benevolence without loving learning is liable to foolishness. To love cleverness without loving learning is liable to lead to deviation from the right path. To love trustworthiness without loving learning is liable to lead to harmful behavior. To love forthrightness without loving learning is liable to lead to intolerance. To love courage without loving learning is liable to lead to insubordination. To love unbending strength without loving learning is liable to lead to indiscipline. ”子曰：“不知命，无以为君子也。不知礼，无以立也。不知言，无以知人也。” （论语尧曰篇第二十）Confucius said, “A man has no way of becoming a gentleman unless he understands Destiny; he has no way of taking his stand unless he understands the rites; he has no way of judging men unless he understands words.”The Primer Classics in Three-Character Lines三字经w 人之初，性本善。w Men in the very beginning of their life are naturally good.w 性相近，习相远。w Their natures are similar and their habits become widely differentw 苟不教，性乃迁。w If no proper education is given to them, their natures will get bad.w 子不学，断机杼。w And when young Mencius would not learn, the mother broke the shuttle from the loom.w 养不教，父之过。w To feed without teaching is the fathers fault. w 教不严，师之惰。w To teach without severity is the teachers laziness.w 玉不琢，不成器。人不学，不知义。w If jade is not carved and polished, it cannot become a thing of use. If a man does not learn, he cannot know what is proper in the world.Pupils Rules and Disciplinesw 弟子规，圣人训：w The pupils rules are from what was instructed by Confucius.w 首孝悌，次谨信，泛爱众，而亲仁。w Pupils should be first filial and respectful to the elders, and secondly earnest, modest, honest and cautious. They should show love to all, and be friendly with those who are virtuous.w 父母呼，应勿缓。父母命，行勿懒。w When your parents call you, you should answer without delay. When your parents ask you to do something, you should act immediately.w 父母教，须敬听。父母责，须顺承。w When your parents instruct you, you must listen to them respectfully. When your parents rebuke you, you must take their rebukes obediently. w 冬则温，夏则清。晨则首，昏则定。w Make your parents warm in winter and make them cool in summer. You should pay respect to them in the morning and arrange them to slumber in the evening. w 出必告，返必面。居有常，业毋变。w Before you leave home, you must tell your parents about your leaving. As soon as you come home, you must report to them about your returning. Your living quarters should be fixed, and your profession should remain the same.w 亲有疾，药先尝。昼夜侍，不离床。w When your parents are ill, you must taste the medicine first. Take care of your parents day and night and dont leave the bed for a single minute.w 称尊长，勿呼名。对尊长，勿现能。w When you call your elders, dont address their names. Dont over-demonstrate your ability before your elders.w 长者立，幼勿坐；长者坐，命乃坐。w When your elders are standing, you must not sit. When your elders sit, you can sit only after you are asked to. 道德经道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名，天地之始；有名，万物之母；故恒无，欲以观其妙；恒有，欲以观其徼。此两者，同出而异名，同谓之玄。玄之又玄，众妙之门。 The Tao that may be called Tao is not the invariable (constant; original) Tao. The names that can be named are not invariable names.(no name can fully express what it represents.) (Archie J. Bahm) Non-being is the term given to that from which Heaven and Earth sprang. Being is the term given to the mother that rears the ten thousand things (on earth). (everything, all things, universe) Of the invariable Non-being, we wish to see its secret essences. Of the invariable Being, we wish to see its borders. These two have issued together but are different in name. The two together we call the mystery. It is the mystery of mysteries, the Doorway of all secret essences. 有物混成，先天地生。寂兮寥兮，独立而不改，周行而不殆，可以为天地母。吾不知其名，字之曰道，强为之名曰大。 There is a thing, formless yet complete. Before Heaven and Earth it existed. (That which existed before Heaven and Earth was immaterialized and unmanifest). Without sound, without substance, it stands alone without changing. It is all pervading and unfailing. One may think of it as the mother of all beneath Heaven. (the perpetual source of everything else) We do not know its name, but we term it Tao. (For want of a better name, I call it nature. Archie J. Bahm) Forced to give an appellation to it, I should say it was Great.(If I must describe it, I should say it is great).道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。万物负阴而抱阳，冲气以为和。 Tao produced Oneness. Oneness produced duality. Duality evolved into trinity, and trinity evolved into the ten thousand (i.e. infinite number of ) things. The ten thousand things support the Yin and embrace the Yang. It is on the blending of the breaths (of the Yin and the Yang) that their harmony depends. (Everything is impregnated with Yin and Yang, which, in their constant interplay, merges into harmony.)道生之，德畜之，物形之，势成之。是以万物莫不尊道而贵德。道之尊，德之贵，夫莫之命而常自然。Tao gave them birth. Te reared them. Becoming things, they gained forms. Through their tending forces they became completed. Therefore of the ten thousand things, there is not one that does not honor Tao and prize its Te. No one has commanded the honoring of Tao and prizing of its Te, but this has been forever spontaneous. 中国成语习语Chinese idomfish the same way as Jiang Taigong did, who cast a hookless and baitless line for the fish that wanted to be caught. 姜太公钓鱼three personal calls at the thatched cottage (referring to Liu Beis three calls at Zhuge Liangs cottage to solicit his help)-repeatedly request somebody to take up a responsible post三顾茅庐Gou Jian slept on firewood and tasted gall to avenge a national humiliation 卧薪尝胆to tie ones hair on the house beam and jab ones side with an awl to keep oneself awake-take great pains with ones study 悬梁刺股Xiangru returned the intact jade to the Zhao state完璧归赵Yue Feis mother tattooed characters on the skin of Yue Fei 岳母刺字composing a poem within seven paces 七步成诗Sima Guang smashed the vat 司马光砸缸the allusion is used to refer to those who volunteer to offer ones services for a task or a job.毛遂自荐an endangered situation, or a state of being utterly isolated四面楚歌it refer to the sheer fantasy one cherishes for consoling himself/herself望梅止渴in war nothing is too deceitful(欺诈的)兵不厌诈call white black swear black is white颠倒黑白，是非不分blind imitation with Ludicrous（滑稽的） effection东施效颦whistle jigs to a milestone （里程碑）、Cast pearls before swine（猪）.对牛弹琴Lure(诱惑) the enemy away from his base 调虎离山An empty vessel makes the most sound Still water runs deep大智若愚To draw a snake and add feet to it To ruin the effect by superfluous work 画蛇添足- Now it refers to spoiling the effect by doing something entirely unnecessaryTo stand by a tree trunk waiting for more hares to dash themselves against it Wait for a windfall 守株待兔Now the phrase is used to satirize those who rigidly adhere to limited experience and refuse to adapt themselves to the changing situation, or those who trust foolishly to chance and luck.To refer to the case of being self-contradictory and inconsistent自相矛盾The loss at o