介词加关系代词引导的定语从句

.“介词+ which / whom”引导的定语从句“介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如：the man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher.=the manto whom you spoke is a teacher.一、基本构成1. “介词 +关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which （指物）或whom(指人 )，即： 介词 +which/whom。（1） the man to whomyou spoke is a teacher.（ 2） the cityin whichshe lives is far away.（ 3） the little girl is reading a book,in whichthere are many cartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。2. 在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物 ) ；that/who/whom （指人）作介词的宾语. 且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。如：（1) the man(who/whom /that )you spoketo is a teacher.（ 2） the city（which/that） she livesin is far away.注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如：lookfor,lookafter,pay attentionto ,takecare of , lookforward to, listen to等。this is the pen that / which you arelooking for. the patient whom she islooking afteris her father.the words that /which we shouldpay attention toare written on the blackboard. there are fifty patients who/whom/that we musttake good care of.练习： are these sentences right?(1) the man with whom you talked is my friend.(2) the man(who/that) you talked with is my friend.(3) the man with who/that you talked is my friend.(4) the plane in which we flew to canada is very comfortable.;.(5) the plane in that we flew to canada is very comfortable.二、关系副词when， where， why 可用“介词 which ”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词先行词。其中when=表时间的介词（如：in ， at,during等 ） +which ； where=表地点的介词（如：in ， at,on,under等） +which ； why=表原因的介词（如：for ） +which(1) 当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when 引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词which 来代替关系副词when。i still remember the daywhen i came here.( on the day =when)(2) 当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where 引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词which 来代替关系副词where。this is the housewhere i lived last year.( in the house= where)(3) 当先行词为reason ，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why 引导，此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。there are many reasonswhy people like traveling.(for the reasons =why)三、关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义（重中之重）1. 一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。i never forget the day on which i came to this school.(on the day)2. 二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。this is the ipad on which i spent 3000 yuan.(spend money on sth.)3. 三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。this is my pair of glasses, without which i cannot see clearly.例题：用“介词+关系代词”的形式表示1. do you like the book she learned a lot?2. he paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.3. the tower people can have a good view is on the hill.注意：介 词 + 关 系 代 词1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2） that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的 介词 +关系词 结构可以同关系副词when,where和why 互换。.练习 :1. he was educated at a local grammar school, he went on to cambridge.（05 山东卷）a. from whichb. after thatc. after which d. from this2. she was educated atbeijinguniversity, she went on tohave her advanced study abroad.（ 06 陕西卷）a. after thatb. from thatc. from whichd. after which3. gun control is a subject americans have argued for a long time. (09陕西卷)a. of whichb. with whichc. about which d. into which4. wind power isan ancientsource ofenergy wemay returninthe near future.（ 10山东卷）a. on whichb. by whichc. to whichd. from which5. the settlementishometo nearly1,000 people,many of lefttheirvillage homes for a better life in the city.(10浙卷)a.whomb.whichc.themd.whose6. the english play my students acted at the new year s party was a great success.（04 全国 i ）a for whichb at whichc in whichd on which7. the journeyaround the worldtooktheoldsailorninemonths, thes ailing time was 226 days.（ 04 广西）a. of whichb. during whichc. from whichd. for which8. many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes people were eaten by the tiger. (05广东卷)a. in whichb. by whichc. whichd. that9. she showed thevisitorsaround themuseum,theconstruction than three years.（11 江西卷） had takenmorea. for whichb. with whichc. of whichd. to which10. the place thebridgeissupposed to be builtshould be traffic is the heaviest. (05江苏卷)a. which; whereb. at which; whichc. at which; whered. which; in whichthecross-river11. eric received training in the computer for one year, he found a job in a big company.a.after thatb.after whichc.after itd.after this12. villagershere depend on the fishingindustry, therewontbe muchwork.a.whereb.thatc.by whichd.without which13. last week,only two people came to look at the house, wanted to buy it.a.none of themb.both of themc.none of whomd.neither of whom14. in the office i never seem to have time until after 5：30 pm ，many people have gone home.a.whose timeb.thatc.on whichd.by which time15. whenever i met her, was fairly often,she greeted me with a sweet smile.(09山东)a.whob.whichc.whend.that16. she brought with her three friends,none of i had ever met before. (09海南)a.themb.whoc.whomd.these17. many children, parents areaway working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village. (09安徽）a.theirb.whosec.of themd.with whomi. was born inneworleans,louisiana,a