3--语法常用词类冠词、代词、形容词、副词

第一章-语法常用词类冠词、代词、形容 词、副词第一章 语法梳理导学语法部分的考试难点聚焦在：1.常用词类2.动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词和主谓一致；3.三大从句：名词性从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句；4.一些特殊结构：倒装、强调、虚拟语气和独立主格。本模块将从词法、句法和特殊结构三个方面讲解。词法常用词类名词 名词特殊复数形式1.以O结尾的名词hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes2.一定用作复数的集体名词：people, police, cattle, staff, public 3.单复数含义不同：glassglasses timetimes workworkswoodwoods clothclothes sandsands 名词特殊复数形式4.两部分构成的集体名词：clothes trousers compassesglasses scissors shoes chopsticks 5.合成名词： lookers-on, passers-by （有主体名词）grown-ups （无主体名词） 名词所有格1.以s结尾的人名所有格加s或者例如：Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house2.表示某人家店铺the doctors, the barbers, the tailors,my uncles3.表示各自的所有关系时，各名词末尾均须加s例如：Japans and Chinas problems （一）名词所有格4.表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加s例如： Japan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father5.双重所有格：a friend of my brothers of+所有格 a necklace of yoursof+名词性物主代词【题海实战】 1.He found a lot of _ were _.A.passers-by; grown-upsB.passer-bys; growns-upC.passer-bys; grown-upsD.passers-by; growns-up 网校答案：A2.Many students signed up for the _ race in the sports meeting to be held next week.A.800-meter-longB.800-metres-longC.800 metre lengthD.800 metres length网校答案：A3.Yesterday I was invited to the dinner at _.A.TurnersB. the TurnersC. TurnersD. the Turners网校答案：D4.She is the only one among the _ writers who _ stories for children.A.woman; writesB.women; writeC.women; writesD.woman; write网校答案：C5.This is an old photo of my aunts when she had black _, and now she has some white _.A.hair; hairsB.hairs; hairC.hair; hairD.hairs; hairs网校答案：A词法常用词类冠词冠词1.用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事。A Mr.Smith came to visit you when you were out./ That boy is rather a Lei Beng.2.表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?3.表示“一家人”或“夫妇”：the Greens, the Cangs4.用于表示单位的名词前：I hired the car by the hour.5.用于身体部位名词前：He patted me on the shoulder.6.用于乐器前面：play the violin, play the guitar零冠词1.专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前：Peking University, air, love, Jack, China2.名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制词：I want this book./ Whose purse is this? 3.季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前：in spring, in March, on Sunday, on National Day, have lunch4.表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.5.学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.6.与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land7.以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork 【题海实战】 1.I ate _ sandwich while I was waiting for _ 20:08 train.A.the; aB.the; theC.a; theD.a; a网校答案：C2.In _ week or so, Ill be among _ unemployed, Im afraid.A.不填; aB. a; 不填C. a; theD. me; 不填网校答案：C3.Polar bears live mostly on _ sea ice, which they use as _ platform for hunting seals.A.a; aB.a; theC.不填; aD.the; 不填网校答案：C4. Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 _ year. Right, he will also get paid by _ week. A.the; theB.a; theC.the; aD.a; a网校答案：B5.Did you happen to see _ black and _ white cat? Are they missing? I told you to take care of them.A.a; 不填B.the; 不填C.the; theD.a; the网校答案：C词法常用词类代词代词 1.物主代词my, your, his, her, its, our, theirmine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs2.不定代词（1 ）常见的不定代词One another=each other Someothers all/ both/either, none/neithermany/ much, few/ little, （quite）a few/ a little（2 ）some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。I have read this article in some magazine.Please correct the mistakes, if any.（3 ）some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。There are some 3,000 students in this school.Do you feel any better today?（4）both和all加否定词表示部分否定, 全部否定用neither和none.All of the books are not written in English.=Not all of the books are written in English. Both of us are not teachers.=Not both of us are teachers.= Either of us is a teacher.【题海实战】 1.If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay _ $15.A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.each网校答案：A2.-Would you like tea or coffee? -_, thank you.Ive just had some water.A.EitherB.BothC.AnyD.Neither 网校答案：D3.Surprisingly, Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _ almost an overcoat for her.A.themB.herC.itselfD.herself网校答案：C4.One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _.A.the other is whiteB.another whiteC.the other whiteD.another is white网校答案：C5.Children can usually dress _ by the age of five.A.himB.themC.himselfD.themselves网校答案：D形容词顺序：限定描绘大长高， 形状年龄和新老； 颜色国籍跟材料， 作用类别往后靠；词法常用词类形容词和副词形容词和副词一、可以修饰比较级的词和词组：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal.He is much younger than Tom.There are many more people here than yesterday.Hestudiesalotharderthanme.He writes even more carefully.You are far more beautiful than before.These shoes are a bit/a little more expensive.一、可以修饰比较级的词和词组：He works still harder than ever. 他比以往更加努力学习了.You must work yet harder你工作还要更努力。She is by far the better actress. 她是个更好的女演员.If you have a rest, you will look a great deal better .形容词和副词二、表示一方随另一方变化时用“the +比较级，the+比较级”句型。如： 例如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.三、没有比较级和最高级的形容词或副词例如：favorite excellent extremeperfectsuperior senior 【题海实战】 1.One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace.A.old Chinese stoneB.Chinese old stoneC.old stone ChineseD.Chinese stone old网校答案：A2.We dont care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell _.A.well, wellB.bad, badC.well, badlyD.badly, bad网校答案：D3.Lets make it at seven oclock on Tuesday morning at my office if _.A.youre convenient B.it is convenient for youC.you feel convenient D.it is convenient with you网校答