物理英文术语

.物理力 force重力gravity 摩擦力friction 拉力traction 质量mass惯量interia加速度acceleration力矩torque 静止at rest 相对relative 能量energy动能kenetic energy 势能potential energy 功 work动量momentum角动量angular momentum能量守恒energy conservation保守力conserved force振动vibration 振幅amplitude 波 wave驻波standing wave震荡oscillation相干波coherent wave干涉interference 衍射diffraction 轨道obital速度velocity速率speed大小magnatitude方向direction 水平horizental 竖直vertical相互垂直perpendicular坐标coordinate直角坐标系cersian coordinate system极坐标系polar coordinate system弹簧spring 球体sphere 环 loop盘型disc圆柱形cylinder电学磁学： 电子electron 电 荷 charge 电流current电场electric field电通量electric flux 电势 electirc potential 导体conductor电介质dieletric 绝缘体insultalor 电阻resistor电阻率resistivity电容 capacitor无穷infinite横截面cross ection匀强电场uniform electric field分布ditribution磁场magnetic field 磁通量magnetic flux 电感inductance变压器transformer频率frequency周期period电磁波electomagnetic wave平面plane热学：热平衡thermal equilibrium理想气体ideal gas 热能thermal energy 热量heat热容heat capacity外界surrounding准静态过程quasi-static process这几个比较容易搞混我就经常搞混等体过程isochoric process等压过程isobaric process 等温过程isothermal process 绝热过程adiabatic process循环cycle;.光 学 光 light光程optical path光强度light intensity偏 振 polarization 波 长 wave length 传 播 propagation量子力学（高中好像讲了一点点） 原子atomic光子photon光电效应photo-electric effect物质波matter wave光谱spectrum激光laser衰减decay辐射radiation械振动mechanical vibration简谐振动simple harmonic oscillation振幅amplitude周期period频率ferquency赫兹hertz单摆simple pendulum受迫振动forced vibration共振resonnance机械波mechanical wave介质medium横波transverse wave 纵波longitudinal wave 波长wavelength超声波supersonic wave阿伏加德罗常数avogadro constant布朗运动brown mation 热运动thermal motion 热力学能thermal energy 内能internal energy热力学第一定律firstlawofthermodynamics能量守恒定律law of conservation of energy热 力 学 第 二 定 律secondlawof thermodynamics各向同性isotropy各向异性anisotropy单晶体single crystal(monocrystal)多晶体ploycrystal表面张力surface tension毛细现象capillarity液晶liquid crystal电荷electric charge电荷量queantity df electricity正电荷positive charg 负电荷negative charg 库仑定律coulomb law静电感应electrostatic induction感应电荷inducde charge元电荷elementary charge电荷守恒定律law of conservation of charge库仑（电荷单位）coulomb电场electric fileld电场强度electric field strength电场线electric potential电势electric potential电势差 /电压electric potential difference伏特volt电容capacitance电容器capacitor法拉（电容单位）farad电流electric current安培（电流单位）ampere电阻resistance欧姆（电阻单位）ohm电动势electormotive force(e.m.f.)半导体semiconductor超导体superconductor磁性magnetism磁场magnetic field磁感线magnetic induction line安培定则ampere rule安培力ampere force磁感应强度magnetic induction左手定则 left-hand rule 洛伦兹力 lorentz force 磁通量 magnetic flux电磁感应elctromagnetic induction感应电流induction current感应电动势induction electromotive force电 磁 感 应 定 律lawofelectromagnetic induction右手定则right-hand rule自感self-induction交流alternating current瞬时值instantaneous value峰值peak value有效值effective value电感inductance变压器transformer电能electric energy电磁场electromagnetic field 电磁波electromagnetic wave 雷达radar光线light ray平行光parallel light实象real image 虚象virtual image 折射refaction入射角incident angle 反射角reflection angle 折射角diffraction angle 折射率diffraction index 全反射total reflection 临界角critical angle光导纤维optical fiber棱镜prism色散dispersion光谱spectrum波的衍射diffraction of wave波的干涉interference of waves红外线infrared ray 紫外线ultraviolet ray x 射线x-ray电磁波谱electromagnetic effect光电效应photoelectric effect光子photon普朗克常数planck constant波粒二象性wave-particle duality概率波probability wave物质波matter wave激光laser电子electron 质子proton 中子neutron 核子nucleon同位数isotope 原子核nucleus 能级energy level 基态ground state激发态excited state跃迁transition放射性radioactivity射