各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：the person who broke the window must pay for it. the boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate? mr. lee (whom) you want to see has come.3. whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：the girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. i know the boy whose father is a professor.4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：a dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.5. that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如： ive read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news. who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?6. when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm. he arrived in beijing on the day when i left.7. where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：this is the house where we lived last year.the factory where his father works is in the east of the city.四.关系代词 whom ，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面， 如：that was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = that was the room which we had lived in for ten years.五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1. 只能使用 that, 不用 which的情况：(1) 先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything等不定代词时。例如：精品资料all that he said is true.(2) 先行词被 only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：he is the only foreigner that has been to that place. have been to v.曾经到过(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：he was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。this is the best book (that) i have read this year.(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：he talked about the people and the things he remembered.2. 只能用 which ，不用 that 的情况：(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如：the meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2) 定语从句由介词 +关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如： the thing about which he is talking is of great importance.【中考范例】1. (2004年哈尔滨中考试题 )-does the teacher know everybody planted the trees?-yes, he does.a. which b. whose c. where d. who【解析】答案： d。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有 who 合适。2. (2004年常州市中考试题 )the letter i received from him yesterday is very important.a. who b. where c. what d. that【解析】答案： d。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that 合适。3. (2004年扬州市中考试题 )-where is the scientist gave us the talk yesterday?-he has gone back to qinghua university.a. whom b. who c. whose d. which【解析】答案： b。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有 who 合适。4. (2004年益阳市中考试题 )i hate people talk much but do little.a. whose b. whom c. which d. who【解析】答案： d。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有 who 合适。【满分演练】一.单项填空1. -who is the man was talking to our english teacher?-oh! it s mr. baker, our maths teacher.a. he b. that c. whom d. which2. i hate the people dont help others when they are in trouble.a. who b. which c. they d. where3. the foreigner visited our school is from canada.a. which b. when c. who d. whom4. george mallory was an english school teacher loved climbing.a. who b. whom c. he d. which5. this is the place i have ever visited.a. there b. when c. where d. which6. nobody knows the reason she didnt come to the meeting.a. that b. which c. why d. when7. the moon is a world there is no life.a. that b. which c. where d. why8. he has forgotten the day he arrived.a. when b. where c. that d. which9. he still remembers the days he spent with your family.a. when b. where c. that d. on which10. mr. white, car had been stolen, came to the policeman.a. who b. that c. whose d. which11. he got to the village his family once lived before liberation.a. that b. which c. when d. where12. this is the house i want to buy.a. in which b. that c. whose d. where13. this is the house our beloved premier zhou once lived and worked.a. which b. that c. when d. where14. he didn t tell me the place he was born.a. that b. which c. when d. where15. he lived in a small village, was a long way from the railway station.a. that b. which c. where d. when三.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1. the house we live in is very big.2. the boy is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. this is the present he gave me for my birthday.4. the man talked to you just now is an engineer.5. he talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.6. there is nothing in the world can frighten him.7. she wears a gold ring, is very uncommon in our class.8. we visited a factory makes toys for children.9. is this the place your father once lived?10. i ll never forget the days i jo