物理专业常用英语词汇

.物理：applied physics应用物理学cathode-ray tube阴极射线管conductor导体;.absoluteacceleration绝对加速archimedesprinciple阿基米德cathode阴极conservative force field保守力度原理cation正离子场absolute error绝 对 误 差 absolute motion绝对运动absolute temperature绝对温度absolute velocity绝对速度absolute zero绝对零度absorption吸收absorptivity吸收率accelerated motion加速运动accelerationof gravity重力加速度acceleration加速度accidental error偶然误差acoustics声学acting force作用力adjustment调节aether以太air pump抽气机air table气垫桌air track气垫导轨alternating current circuit交流电路alternatingcurrentgenerator交流发电机alternating current交流电altimeter测高仪ammeter安培计amperemeter电流计ampere安培amperes experiment安培实验amperes force安 培 力 amperes law安培定律amperemeter安培计amplitude振幅角breakdown击穿compositionofvelocities速度angular acceleration角加速度brightness亮度的合成angleof rotation自转角，转动angular displacement角位移angular velocity角 速 度 anion负离子anisotropy各向异性annihilation湮没anode阳 极 antenna天线area 面 积argumentation论证argument辐角astigmatoscope散光镜atomic nucleus原子核atomic physics原子物理学atomic spectrum原子 光谱atomic structure原子结构atom原子atwood s machine阿特伍德机average power平 均 功 率 average velocity平均速度avogadroconstant阿伏加德罗常数avogadro law阿伏加德罗定律balance天平ballisticgalvanometer冲 击 电流计band spectrum带状谱barometer气 压 计 basic quantity基本量basic units基本单位battery charger电池充电器battery,accumulator蓄电池battery电池组beam光束betatron电子感应加速器bohr atom model玻尔原子模型boiling point沸点boiling沸腾bounce反弹bound charge束缚电荷bound electron束缚电子branch circuit支路buoyancy force浮力calorifics热 学 camera照相机capacitance电容capacitor电容器capillarity毛细现象cathode ray阴极射线cell 电 池celsius scale摄氏温标centre of gravity重心centre of mass质心centrifugal force离心力centripetal acceleration向心加速度centripetal force 向 心 力chain reaction 链式反应chaos 混 沌characteristic spectrum特征光谱charged body带电体charged particle带电粒子charge充电circularholediffraction圆孔衍射circular motion圆周运动classical mechanics经典力学classical physics经典物理学cloud chamber云 室 coefficientof maximumstatic friction最大静摩摩系数coefficient of restitution恢复系数coefficient of sliding friction滑动摩擦系数coefficient系 数 coherent light相干光源coil线圈collision碰撞component force分力component velocity分速度composition of forces力的合成compression压缩concave lens凹透镜concave mirror凹面镜concurrent force共点力condensation凝结condenser电容器conducting medium导电介质conservative force保守力constant force恒力constant常量continuous spectrum连续谱convergent lens会聚透镜convex lens凸透镜convex mirror凸面镜coordinate system坐标系coplanar force共 面 力 corolis force科里奥利力corpuscular property粒子性corpuscular theory微粒说coulomb force库仑力coulomb库仑coulombs law库仑定律counter计数器creation产生creepage漏电crest波峰critical angle临界角critical resistance临界电阻critical temperature临界温度crystal晶体current density电流密度current element电流元current source电流源current strength电流强度curvilinear motion曲线运动cyclotron回 旋 加 速 器 damped vibration阻尼振动damping阻尼daniell cell丹聂耳电池data processing数据处理data数据decay衰变definitionof ampere安培的定义defocusing散集density密度derived quantity导出量derived unit导出单位dielectric电介质diffraction pattern衍射图样diffraction衍射diffuse reflection漫反射digital timer数字计时器dimensionalexponent量 纲 指数dimension量纲diode二级管diopter屈光度direct current, dc直流direct impact正碰direct measurement直接测量discharge放 电 disorder无 序 dispersion色散displacement位移divergent lens发散透镜doppler effect多普勒效应double slit diffraction双缝衍射driving force驱动力dry cell干电池echo回声eddy current涡流effective value有效值electrified body带电体electrode电极electrolysis电解electrolyte电解质electromagnetic damping电磁阻尼electromagneticinduction电磁感应electromagnetic radiation电磁辐射electromagnetic wave电磁波electromagneticwave spectrum电磁波谱electromagnetisminduction phenomenon电磁感应现象electromagnet电磁体electrometer静电计electromotive force电动势electron电子electron beam电子束electron cloud电子云electronmicroscope电子显 微镜excitation激发excitation state激发态experiment实验experimentalphysics实验物理学external force外力eyepiece目镜far sight远视faraday cylinder法拉第圆筒faradaylawof electromagneticinduction法拉第电磁感应定律faradayslawof electromagnetic induct 法 拉 第电磁感应定律farad 法拉( 电容的单位 )film interference薄膜干涉final velocity末速度first cosmic velocity第一宇宙速度fission裂变fixed-axis rotation定轴转动flotation balance浮力秤gravity field重力场ground earth接地ground state基态ground wire地线hadron强子half life period半衰期heat热heat transfer传热henry亨利hertz赫兹( 频率的单位 ) hooke law胡克定律humidity湿 度 hydrogen氢原子hypothesis假设ice point冰 点 ideal gas理想气体image像image distance像距image height像高imaging成像imperfectinelasticcollision非完全弹性碰撞impulse冲量elastic body弹性体electron volt电子伏特fluid流体incident angle入射角elastic force弹性力electroscope验电器focal length焦距incident ray入射线elasticity弹性electrostaticequilibrium静 电focusing调焦，聚焦indirectmeasurement间 接 测electric charge电荷平衡focus焦点量electric circuit电路electrostaticinduction静 电 感force力induced electric current感应电electric corona电晕electric energy电能electric field电场electric field intensity电场强度electric field line电 场 线 electric flux电通量electric potential difference电equilibrium of forces力的平衡galvanometer电流计infrared ray位差，电势差electricpotentialenergy电位equilibrium position平衡位置equilibrium state平衡态gas 气 体general physics普通物理学infrasonic waveinitial phase能equivalentsourcetheorem等electric power电功率效电源定理electric quantity电量erect image正像electrificationelectrification起电byfriction摩擦error误差ether以太electric leakage漏 电 electric neutrality电中性electric potential电位，电势起电应electrostaticscreening静电屏蔽elementarycharge基本电荷， 元电荷energy能量energy level能级equilibrium平衡equilibrium condition平衡条件evaporation蒸发forced vibration受迫振动fractal分形free charge自由电荷free electron自由电子free period自由周期freezing point凝固点frequency频 率 friction force摩擦力fusion聚变generator发 电 机 good conductor良导体gravitation引 力 gravity重力gravitationalpotentialenergy重力势能流induced electric field感应电场induction current感应电流inductionelectromotiveforce 感应电动势induction motor感应电动机inertia惯性inertial force惯性力inertial system惯性系红外线次声波初位相initial velocity初速度input 输 入instantaneous power 瞬 时 功 率instantaneous velocity 瞬 时 速度instrument 仪 器insulated conductor绝缘导体绝缘介质conservation电荷守恒定律mass-energyequation质能方newton first lawle syst meinternationald 程newton second lawinsulating medium insulator绝缘体intensity of sound声强interference干涉interference fringe干涉条纹interference pattern干涉图样interferometer干涉仪internal energy内能internal force内力internal resistance内阻intonation声调inverted image倒像invisible light不可见光ion beam离子束ionization电离irreversible process不可逆过程isobaric process等 压 过 程 isobar等压线isochoric process等体积过程isothermal等温线isothermal process等温过程magnetic induction flux磁感应momentum of electromagneticopticallydensermedium光密拉普拉斯方通量field电磁场的动量介质isotope同 位 素 isotropy各 向 同 性 joule焦耳（功的单位） joule heat焦耳热joule law焦耳定律joule law焦耳定律kepler law开普勒定律kinematics运动学kinetic energy动能laplacesequation程laser激光，激光器law 定 律law of conservation of angular momentum角动量守恒定律law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律law of conservation of mass质量守恒定律lawofconservationof mechanicalenergy机械能守恒定律lawofconservationof momentum动量守恒定律lawofelectricchargeunits 国际单位制 (si) lead导线length长度lens 透 镜lens formula透镜公式lenzs law楞次定律lepton轻子light ray光线light source光源light wave光波lightning rod避雷针light光line spectrum线状谱lines of current电流线lines of force of electric field电力线liquefaction液化liquefaction point液化点liquid液体longitudinal wave纵波loop回路lorentz force洛仑兹力luminous intensity发光强度magnetic field磁场magnetic field intensity磁场强度magnetic field line磁场线magnetic induction磁感应强度magnetic induction line磁感应线magnetic material磁性材料magnetic needle磁针magnetic pole磁极magnetics磁学magnetism磁学magnetization磁化magnet磁 体 magnification放大率magnifier放大镜，放大器manometer流体压强计mass质量mass defect质量亏损matter物质matter wave物质波maxwellsequations麦克 斯 韦方程组mean speed平 均 速 率 mean velocity平均速度measurement测量mechanical energy机械能mechanical motion机械运动mechanical vibration机械振动mechanics力学medium介质melting fusion熔化melting point熔 点 metre rule米尺microdetector灵敏电流计micrometer caliper螺旋测微器microscope显 微 镜 microscopic particle微观粒子mirror reflection镜面反射mirror镜mixed unit system混合单位制modern physics现代物理学molar volume摩尔体积molecular spectrum分子光谱molecular structure分子结构moment of force力矩momentum动量motor电动机multimeter多用电表musical quality音色n pole北极natural frequency固有频率natural light自 然 光 negative charge负电荷negative crystal负晶体negative ion负 离 子 negative plate负极板network网络neutralization中和neutron中子newton牛顿（力的单位）牛顿第一定律牛顿第二定律newton third law 牛顿第三定律nonequilibrium state非平衡态north pole 北 极nucleus force 核 力nucleusof condensation凝结核object物object distance物距object height物高objective物镜observation观察oersteds experiment奥斯特实验ohm欧姆ohm law欧姆定律ohmmeter欧姆计ohms law欧姆定律open circuit开路optical bench光具座optical centre of lens透镜光心optical fiber光 导 纤 维 optical glass光 学 玻 璃 optical instrument光学仪器optical lever光杠杆optical path difference光程差optical path光程 ( 路)opticallythinnermedium光疏介质optics光学orbit轨道order有序oscillograph示波器output输出overweight超重parallelconnectionof condensers电容器的并联parallelogramrule平行四边形定律parallel-resonancecircuit并联谐振电路parameter参量particle质点，粒子pascal law帕斯卡定律path路程peak峰值pendulum摆penumbra半影perfect conductor理想导体perfectelasticcollision完全弹性碰撞perfectinelasticcollision完全非弹性碰撞periodicity周期性period周期periscope潜望镜permanent magnet永磁体permittivityof vacuum真空介电常数permittivity电容率phase位相phenomenon现象photocurrent光电流photoelectric cell光电管photoelectric effect光电效应photoelectron光电子photography照相术photon光子physical balance物理天平physical quantity物理量physics物理学piezometer压强计pitch音调planck constant普朗克常量plasma等 离 子 体 point charge点电荷polarization偏振polarized light偏振光polycrystal多晶体poor conductor不良导体positive charge正电荷positive crystal正晶体positive ion正 离 子 positive plate正极板positron正电子potential energy势能potentiometer电位差计power功 率 pressure压强，压力primary coil原线圈principleof constancyof light velocity光速不变原理prism棱镜projectile抛体projectile motion抛体运动projector投影仪proton质子pulley滑轮pulley block滑轮组quantity of heat热量quantization量子化quantum量子quantum mechanics量子力学quantum number量子数radar雷达radioactive source放射源radius of gyration回旋半径random motion无规则运动range量程rated voltage 额定电压reacting force 反作用力real image 实 像real object实物reasoning推理recoil反冲rectilinear motion直线运动reference frame参考系，坐标系reference system参考系reflected angle反 射 角 reflected ray反射线reflection coefficient反射系数reflection law反射定律reflectivity反射率refracted angle折射角refracted ray折射线refraction law折射定律refraction coefficient折射系数refractive index折 射 率 relativeacceleration相对加速度relative error相对误差relative motion相对运动relative velocity相对速度relativity相对论resistance电阻resistance box电阻箱resistivity电阻率resistor电阻器resolution of force力的分解resolutionof velocity速度的分解resonance共 振 ， 共 鸣 resonant frequency共振频率resultant force合 力 resultant velocity合速度reversibilityof opticalpath光路可逆性reversible process可逆过程rheostat变阻器right-hand screw rule右手螺旋定则rocker火箭rotatingmagneticfield旋转磁场rotation自转，转动rutherford scattering卢瑟福散射rutherford-particle scattering experiment卢瑟福 散射实验s pole南极saturation饱和scalar标量scalar field标量场scanner扫描器secondcosmicvelocity第二宇宙速度selective absorption选择吸收self-inducedelectromotive force自感电动势self-inductance自感self-inductionphenomenon自感系数semiconductor半导体semi-transparent film半透膜sensitivegalvanometer灵敏电流计sensitivity灵敏度sensitometer感光计sensor传感器seriesconnectionof condensers电容器的串联series-resonance circuit串联谐振电路short circuit短路short sight近视shunt resistor分流电阻significant figure有效数字simple harmonic motion (shm)简谐运动simple harmonic wave简谐波simple pendulum单摆single crystal（ monocrystal） 单晶体single slit diffraction单缝衍射sinusoidalalternatingcurrent 简谐交流电sinusoidal current正弦式电流sliding friction滑动摩擦slit狭缝solar cell太阳能电池solenoid螺线管solidification凝固solidifying point凝固点solid固体solution溶液solvation溶解sonar声纳sound source声源sound velocity声速sound wave声波sound声 音 source电源south pole南极space空间spark discharge火花放电special relativity狭义相对论specific heat capacity比热容spectacles眼镜spectral analysis光谱分析spectral line光谱线spectrograph摄谱仪spectrography摄谱学spectroscopy光谱学spectrum光谱theorem of kinetic energy动能uniform motion匀速运动work function逸出功球面镜定理unit单位x-ray x射线speed速率spherical mirrorspontaneousradiation自 发 辐射spring balance弹簧秤theorem of momentum动量定理theoretical physics理论物理学unit system单位制universal constant普适常量universal gravitation万有引力young experiment杨氏实验zero line零线 - decay衰变stability稳定性stabilizedcurrentsupply稳流theory理论thermal capacity热容量universal meter多用电表vacuum tube真空管 - particle - ray射线粒子电源stabilizedvoltagesupply稳压电源standardatmospheric pressure标准大气压standard cell标准电池standing wave驻波static friction静摩擦stationary state定态steady current恒定电流steady current source恒流源steady voltage source 恒 压 源steam point 汽 点thirdcosmicvelocity第三宇宙virtual image虚像受激辐射速度virtual object虚物stiffness 劲度系数stimulated radiation stop watch 停 表sublimation升华superconductivity超导电性superconductor超导体superpositionprincipleofelectric field电场强度叠加原理superpositiontheorem叠加定律supersaturation过度饱和supe