高中同位语从句详细讲解与练习(附答案)

.;.1. 定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句讲义2. 用法：同位语从句的先行词多为 fact, news, idea, thought, question, re,prelyport, remark等，关联词多用从属连词。如： they were all very much worried over the fact that you were 对sic你k.生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。where did you get the idea that i could not com你e在? 哪儿听说我不能来？early in the day came the news that germany had declared war on r德u国ss已ia.对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词 whether引导。如： i have no idea whether he ll com我e不or知n道ot.他是否来。连接代词 who, which, what和连接副词 where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。the question who should do the work requires considera谁tio该n.干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。we haven t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summ到er 哪va儿ca去tio度n.暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。it is a question how he did那it.是一个他如何做了此事的问题。1. that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别 ? that引导的同位语从句that引导的定语从句句法功能上that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用， 还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。意义上从句是被修饰名词的内容。从句起限定作用，是定语 如：the news that mr. li will be our new english teacher is tr同ue位. (语从句，that不可省) 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。the news (that) he told me yesterday is tru定e语. (从句， that在从句中作的宾语，可省 )他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。2. 一些表示 “建议、命令、要求 ”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。 should可省。如：this is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as po这ss就ib是le我.同位语从句们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。是名词性从句 (主语从句 、表语从句 、宾语从句 、同位语从句 )中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语 )加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。详细信息一个 名词(或其它形式 )对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式 )就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。1. 名词作同位语mr wang, my child s teacher, will be visiting us on tues王da先y.生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。2. 短语作同位语i, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3. 直接引语作同位语but now the question comes to their minds,“did she die young because she was a但c是lo现ne在? 他们不”得不思考这样的问题： “多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4. 句子作同位语the girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。同位语从句用法同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较 固定一、在 复合句 中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。i heard the news that our team had won我听到了我们队获胜的消息。二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息）， possibility 等。i ve come from mr wang with a message that he won诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。ablet tboesee you this afternoon 我从王先生那里来，他让我告三、 英语 中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that ，whether ，连接 副词how,when,where 等。（注： if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）he must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。the thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。同位语从句 -引导词同位语从句的 引导词 ，引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that， whether，连接代词和连接副词等。1. 连词 that 引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的that 不能省略）the idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea 的同位语）【注意 1】在某些名词 (如 demand, wish, suggestion, resolution 等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气there was a suggestion that brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。【注意 2】引导同位语从句的连词that 通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。he gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。2. 连词 whether 引导同位语从句（注： if 不能引导同位语从句）the question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。【注意】 whether 可引导同位语从句，但if 不能引导同位语从句。其它引导词引导的同位语从句连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which 引导同位语从句1).i have no idea what size shoes she wears我.不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what 作定语）2).i have no idea which wine is best it s a matter of personal tas我te.不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。 （ which作定语）3).the question who will take his place is still not clear.（who 作主语）4. 连接副词引导同位语从句连接副词 when, where, how, whywe havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation到.没有决定。同位语从句 -相关语法一、同位语从句在句中的位置哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如 news，idea， fact， promise， hope， message等)的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。i ve come from mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this aft我ern从o王on先.他说他今天下午不能来看你了。生那边得知一个消息，2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。the thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。二、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word 除外 )加以修饰。where did you get the idea that i could not come ？你在哪儿听说我不能来？三、同位语从句的语气在 suggestion， advice， request， order 等意为 “建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形 ”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should 可以省略。our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。四、同位语从句的先行词同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope,question, theory, news, order, ability 等等。how did the cheats explain the fact that the emperor didnt feel the new clothes in him?皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣， 对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的?代词 it 可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个 it 常放在某些 动词或短语动词后作宾语 ，同时兼作其后that 同位语从句的先行词。i owe it to you that i am still alive.幸亏你，我现在还活着。有的语法学家把先行词it 后的 that 从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种it 后的 that 从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于“主语 +be+表语 ”结构。you must se to it that the children dont catch cold.(=you must see to it, and it is that the children dont catch cold.)你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。同位语从句 -语法区别与定语从句 的的语法区别：1. 意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是 限制 所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：we are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news 的内容就是that he will come ，故that 引导的是同位语从句)we are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that 从句是限制the news 的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news 而不是其他的news，故 that 从句为定语从句 )2. 引导词的不同what, how, if, whatever等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。3. 引导词的功能上的不同that 引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词 ，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例that he told us 中的 that 就充当 told 的宾语。4. 被修饰词语的区别同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限， 通常有 hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth 等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 另外， when 和 where 引导定语从句时， 通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词， 而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如 why 引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词 the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：i have no idea when they will come .我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句 )i ll never forget the days when i lived there. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句） 同位语从句 -特殊形式1. 间隔同位语从句同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，但有些情况下， 由于句子结构的原因，同位语从句不紧跟在名词后， 而被其他的词隔开。a warm thought suddenly came to me that i might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday简析：由于that 从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句2. suggestion,request和 order 等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气 。she made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once她.请求立即请医生来。简析： suggestion，order，request，proposal， requirement， command，advice，proposition 和 recommendation 等名词后接同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用“(should+动)3. 短语 及固定句式后的同位语从句词原形 ”的形式，其中should 一词可省略。i will come on condition that john is invited.如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。简析： 短语 on condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), on the understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, onthe assumption 及句式 there be+no doubt(hope,chance,possibility,同位语从句 -雅思例句1 i have a dream that one day, all roads will be made plain.后的 that 从)句为同位语从句。2 we hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal. 3 some people hold the opinion that the internet is a curse.4 museums play a role of education for the simple reason that they provide people with a good opportunityto have a deeperunderstanding of their own countrys tradition and cultures.同位语从句练习题用适当的连接词填空：it worried her a bit her hair was turning g.ray2.i have no idea we can do with these waste materials.3. the doctor really doubts is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 4.it is hoped nature will never be destroyed.5. do you guess will give a talk on english tomorrow?6.- i drove to zhuhai for the air show last week.- is that you had a few days off?7. word came i was wanted at the office.8. do you know of them will be our new headmaster? 9.the teacher didn t tell me we were wrong.10. it s generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.b.单项选择it was true alice did surprised her mother.a. thatb. whatc. that, whatd. what, that2. does matter much he can t come to the meeting.a. it, ifb. that, ifc. it, whetherd. this, whether 3.-what are you anxious about?- a. how can we succeedb. whether we can succeed c. when can we succeed d. that we can succeed 4.the reason the little actress has been such a success is she is both clever and hard-working.a. why, whyb. why, thatc. that, becaused. for, because5. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.a. whob. whoeverc. anyoned. the person6.i really don t know i had this photo taken.a. where it was thatb. it was thatc. where it wasd. it was why7.? dr. black comes from either oxford or cambridge. i can t remember .a. whereb. therec. whichd. that 8.-what do you think of china?- different life is today from it used to be.a. how, whatb. what, whatc. how, thatd. what, that 9.give this to you think can do the work well.a. whob. whomc. whoeverd. whomever10. troubles me is i can t learn all these english idioms by heart.a. that, thatb. what, whatc. that, whatd. what, that练 习 二1. the fact she works hard is well known to us all. a.thatb.whatc.whyd.which2. the fact he was successful proves his a.bility a.thatb.whatc.whichd.why3. the newshe was kidnapped surprised us gr.eatlya.whatb.thatc.whyd.when4. his suggestionthe meeting be delayed was turned down.a.whichb.thatc./d. it5.i have no idea he will start. a.whenb.thatc.whatd./6. ive come from the government with a message the meeting wont be held tomorrow. a.ifb.thatc.whetherd.which7. the thought he might fail in the exam worried him. a.whenb.whichc.whatd.that8. the order the prisoner be set free arrived too late. a.whichb.whetherc.thatd.what9. the nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear he would die of the disease. a.thatb.asc.of whichd.which10. he often asked me the question the work was worth doing.a. whetherb.wherec.thatd.when练习一答案 a. 1. that2. what3. what,whether 4. that 5. who6. why7.that8. which 9. where 10. whateverb. 15 cabbb6 10 acacd练习二答案： 1-5 aabba6-10 bdcaa同位语从句是名词性从句 (主语从句 、表语从句 、宾语从句 、同位语从句 )中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语 )加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。详细信息一个 名词(或其它形式 )对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式 )就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。1. 名词作同位语mr wang, my child s teacher, will be visiting us on tues王da先y.生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。2. 短语作同位语i, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3. 直接引语作同位语but now the question comes to th eir minds,“did she die young because she was a clon但e?是现在”他们不得不思考这样的问题： “多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4. 句子作同位语the girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。同位语从句用法同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较 固定一、在 复合句 中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。i heard the news that our team had won我听到了我们队获胜的消息。二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion， words（消息）， possibility 等。i ve come from mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this aftern我oo从n王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。三、 英语 中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that ，whether ，连接 副词how,when,where 等。（注： if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）he must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。the thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。同位语从句 -引导词同位语从句的 引导词 ，引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that， whether，连接代词和连接副词等。1. 连词 that 引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的that 不能省略）the idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea 的同位语）【注意 1】在某些名词 (如 demand, wish, suggestion, resolution 等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气there was a suggestion that brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。【注意 2】引导同位语从句的连词that 通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。he gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。2. 连词 whether 引导同位语从句（注： if 不能引导同位语从句）the question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。【注意】 whether 可引导同位语从句，但if 不能引导同位语从句。其它引导词引导的同位语从句连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which 引导同位语从句1).i have no idea what size shoes she wears我.不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what 作定语）2).i have no idea which wine is best it s a matter of personal tas我te.不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。 （ which作定语）3).the question who will take his place is still not clear.（who 作主语）4. 连接副词引导同位语从句连接副词 when, where, how, whywe havent yet settled the question where we aer没有决定。同位语从句 -相关语法一、同位语从句在句中的位置going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如 news，idea， fact， promise， hope， message等)的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。i ve come from mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this aft我ern从o王on先.他说他今天下午不能来看你了。生那边得知一个消息，2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。the thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。二、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word 除外 )加以修饰。where did you get the idea that i could not come ？你在哪儿听说我不能来？三、同位语从句的语气在 suggestion， advice， request， order 等意为 “建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形 ”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should 可以省略。our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。四、同位语从句的先行词同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability 等等。how did the cheats explain the fact that the emperor didnt feel the new clothes in him?皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的?代词 it 可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个 it 常放在某些 动词或短语动词后作宾语 ，同时兼作其后that 同位语从句的先行词。i owe it to you that i am still alive.幸亏你，我现在还活着。有的语法学家把先行词it 后的 that 从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种it 后的 that 从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于“主语 +be+表语 ”结构。you must se to it that the children dont catch cold.(=you must see to it, and it is that the children dont catch cold.)你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。同位语从句 -语法区别与定语从句 的的语法区别：1. 意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是 限制 所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：we are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news 的内容就是that he will come ，故that 引导的是同位语从句 )we are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。 (that 从句是限制 the news 的内容的， 即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个 news 而不是其他的 news，故 that 从句为定语从句 )2. 引导词的不同what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。3. 引导词的功能上的不同that 引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为 关系代词 ，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us 中的 that 就