noun clause.doc

名词性从句名词性从句，即指性质相当于名词的从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：a.b. c.D1 The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. D2 The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. D3He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分） 二、名词性从句的一般引导词1. 连接词 that 只起连接作用，没有任何意思，也不充当句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略，但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如：I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. That he likes you is very obvious.2. 连接词 whether 也不充当句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引导宾语从句时，可换成 if，但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if。He asked whether if I would show him the way. Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。(引导主语从句，不能用 if 代替 whether)3. 连接代词 who(m), whose, which, what 等，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如：Thats why she wanted to leave.When we arrive doesnt matter. Tell me which one you like best. 4. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 等，也各自有自己的意义，在从句中作状语。如：The question is how we should carry out the plan. When shell be back depends much on the weather. Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 三、名词性从句的重要引导词1. what 用于引导名词性从句是一个十分重要的引导词，它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，但不用于引导同位语从句。它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示“所的”如：I dont know what you want. 我不知道你想要什么。I dont know what you want is this. 我不知道你所想要的是这个。2. what 引导名词性从句时可用作限定词，其后修饰名词。如：I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。注：what 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词，并且后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰，两者的区别是：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如：What friends she has are out of the country. 她有的那些朋友全在国外。We gave him what (little) help we could. 我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。3. whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句，其意分别为“所的一切事或东西”、“任何的人”、“的任可人或物”等。如：Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。Ill do whatever I can to help him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。Buy whichever is cheapest. 买最便宜的。注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子：任何人来都欢迎。误：Who comes will be welcome. / Anyone comes will be welcome.正：Whoever comes will be welcome. / Anyone who comes will be welcome.另外，它们也可引导让步状语从句，其意为“无论”、“不管”，其意相当于 no matter who what, which。如：Whatever happens, you must be calm. 不管发生什么情况，你都必须镇静。(whatever = no matter what)He wont eat you, whoever he is. 不管他是谁，他也不能把你吃掉。(whoever = no matter who)注：whoever 既用作主格也用作宾语；作宾语时不宜用 whomever，因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个已几乎废弃不用。4. why 与 because 的用法区别。两者均可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，后者强调的原因。如：I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. 我感冒了，因此我没来。I didnt come. Thats because I had a cold. 我没有来，那是因为我感冒了。五、名词性从句的语序名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同，尤其注意那些由连接代词who(m), whose, which, what 和连接副词 when, where, why 等引导的名词性从句，不要受它们在特殊疑问句中用法的影响而误用疑问句词序。如：Why was she crying? I dont know why he was crying. 我不知道她为什么哭。六、名词性从句的时态问题1. 当主句的谓语动词是过去式时，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。如：She said that she didnt want to know. 她说她不想知道。I asked her whether she would agree. 我问她是否会同意。2. when, if 这两个词既可引导名词性从句，也可引导状语从句。当它们引导名词性从句且表示将来意义时，要直接使用将来时态；但当它们引导状语从句且表示将来意义时，则必须用一般现在时表示将来意义。如：I dont know when he will come, but when he comes, Ill call you. 我不知道他什么时候，但当他来的时候，我会打电话给你。句中第一个when 引导的是宾语从句，故用将来时态表示将来意义；第二个when 引导的是时间状语从句，故用一般现在时表示将来意义。1. Nowadays consumers become more and more practical and buy only _ they need.A. where B. which C. when D. what2. Shed like to offer money to _ needs it to continue his or her study.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever3. -If you are admitted to a key university, _ as a prize? - Im looking for a cell phone.A. What you expect your father will offer youB. Do you expect what your father will offer youC. What do you expect will your father offer youD. What do you expect your father will offer you4. Yesterday he sold out all his stamps at _ he thought was a reasonable price. A. that B. which C. what D. as5. Generally speaking, _ we have seen seems more believable than _ we have been told.A. what; that B. what; what C. that; what D. that; that6. After three days waiting, there was a little doubt in the mothers mind _ the police could find her lost child.A. how B. that C. where D. whether7. “Sustainable development” is a question _ we can continue developing the world without damaging the environment. A. why B. when C. that D. how8. Wed like to do _ we can _ the poor. A. how; help B. all; to help C. whatever; help D. however; to help9. My parents used _they had to get a new car for my brother. A. which B. all what C. whatD. 不填10. She was so angry at all _ he was doing _ she stayed up all night. A. that; that B. that; which C. what; that D. what; as11. After _ seemed ages, the newsman disclosed the facts. A. there B. which C. what D. that12. Our school is no longer _ it was 10 years ago, _ it was not well equipped.A. what; which B. that; which C. what; when D. that; where13. Our bad living habits will destroy the earth. Only by changing _we live can we save the earth. A. that B. what C. how D. where14. Thinking that you know _ in fact you dont is a serious mistake A. what B. that C. when D. however15. Energy is _ makes things work. A. what B. everything C. something D. anything16. One of the men held the view _the book said was right. A. that what B. what that C. that D. whether17. I think that this meal was well worth _ was charged for it.A. that B. whatC. which D. how many18. Do you think the reason _ he gave is believable?A. for whichB. whichC. why D. what19. Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded _ other more well-informed experimenters failed.A. whichB. that C. whatD. where20. Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders_ will happen to her private life.A. it B. that C. what D. this21. The news has spread all over the country _ the spaceship succeeded in returning to the earth.A. that B. whichC. whether D. what22. You can choose _ book you like among these.A. no matter what B. whatever C. whose D. whichever23. Is this research center _ we visited the modern equipment last year?A. where B. that C. the one D. which24. Loulan city is not at all _a traveler who has never seen the desert before can expect.A. what B. that C .which D. where 25. What the doctor is uncertain about is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why26. We should buy our daughter a computer in _ it can help to improve her English. A. which B. that C. what D. whom27. I wish to have a friend with _ shares my hobbies and interests. A. whomever B. no matter who C. whoever D. anyone28. Why dont you bring _ to his attention that you are too busy to do it. A. this B. what C. that D. it29. The task required _ did it _ careful and brave enough.A. who; is B. whom; was C. whomever; were D. whoever; be30. We wrote a letter of thanks to _ had helped us. A. who B. those C. whom D. whoever31.- What are you anxious about? - _.A. Whether we can succeed B. If we succeedC. Do you succeed D. That we can succeed32. I just dont understand_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect. A .why it does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it is33. -I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply. -Oh, that was probably _ I was seeing the doctor.A. when B. why C. what D. that34. I kept this picture _ I can see it every day as it reminds me of my university days.A. in which B. where C. when D. whether35. -I cant find Mr. Smith .Where did you last see him this morning? -It was in the hotel _ he stayed. A. that B. where C. which D. since36. You should keep those old jam bottles -you never know _ you might need them.A. when B. how. C. what D .where 37. -Do you have anything in mind _youd like for supper ?-Well, _will do for me.A. which, everything B. that, anything C. what, whatever D. that, either 38. After five hours drive, they reached _ they thought was the place theyd been dreaming of .A. that B. what C. which D. where 39. It is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made.is not started B. not be started C. will not be started D. is not to be started 40._ has finished the work ahead of time will be rewarded though we dont know who it will be.A. Those who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. No matter who41. _ makes the school famous is _ more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities.A. What; because B. That; because C. That; what D. What; that42. Everything depends on _ they will support you about it.A. if B. which C. whether D. that43. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from_ she used to be.A. that B. whom C. what D. who44. I know nothing about the young lady- _ she is from Being.A. except B. except for C. except that D. besides45. The qu