m3u31单词助学案.doc

牛津高一英语m3 unit3 助学案 编写：徐燕 审核：陆勤M3U3 Reading Lost civilizationsWords (P42-45)【学习目标】1. To learn and master the new words.2. To improve the ability of memorizing the new words.3. To understand and use the new words correctly.【自主梳理】1. civilization1) 文明;文明阶段;文明国家;文明世界U 2.) (特定时期,特定地区的)文化C 3). 【口】(现代生活的)文明设施U 4.) 开化(过程),教化(过程)UIt is generally accepted that the Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world.普遍认为中国文化是世界最古老的文化之一.The civilization of these tribes will take a long time. 这些部落的开化将需很长时间。Chinese civilization European civilization world civilization2. lecture (1)n.演讲，讲课give/deliver a lecture to sb. on sth.关于某事进行演讲 attend /have a lecture 听演讲 go to a lecture去听演讲 The famous professor delivered a lecture on how to protect the environment.(2)v.作演讲，讲课Mr.Smith is lecturing on Russian literature3. take over接管In 89BC，the Romans took over Pompeii.Our chairman has left, so Peter will take over his job from him. 我们的主席走了,彼特将接任他的工作. 【相关链接】 take常用短语归纳:take away拿走；夺去take back收回(说错的话)；使回忆起 take down取下；记下；拆卸take on承担；呈现；开始雇佣take off脱下(衣帽等)；起飞take out拿出；去掉；扣除take in接受;接纳;吸收;包括;领会;理解;欺骗takeup占去，占据；开始从事【考例】1.( )When Mr Green retired, his son _ the business from him.A.took up B.took over C.took on D.took in 2.( ) Dont be _by products promising to make you lose weight quickly. A. taken off B. taken out C. taken away D. taken in 4. found及物动词 vt. 1.) 建立;建造The ancients Romanns founded colonies throughout European 2.) 创立,创办 They founded a college. 他们创办了一所大学。 3.) 将.建立在H(+on/upon)His theory is founded on facts. 他的理论建立在事实的基础上。 不及物动词 vi. (论点等)基于,被建立在(+on/upon) The recent report founds upon the data.拓展foundation 名词1（机构，组织等的）建立，创立 2 基金，基金会Founder n 创立者 founding n 可数名词 成立，创立，铸造5. decorate vt 装饰，装潢搭配 decorate sth with sth 用某物装饰某物 Sth be decorated with sth某物被某人装饰They decorated the room with flowers and ballons. v 粉刷，油漆，点缀 We need to decorate the sitting room.decorator n 装饰工人 decorattion 装饰品，装饰图案，勋章，奖章。6. pourvi.涌流，倾斜 vt.倒出（液体）Thick black smoke was pouring out from the roof. The rain is pouring down. 习惯用语：pour in 涌入，倒进 pour out 倾泻出来，将某物表达出来pour cold water on 对泼冷水 pour oil on the flame 火上浇油 7. flee (fled , fled) vt. /vi. 逃跑，逃避，迅速离开The enemy fled in disorder. 【相关链接】注意与escape 的区别： flee指仓促逃走，通常带有紧急意味，侧重“逃”的动作本身；escape 除表示逃跑外，还能表示逃避惩罚、麻烦或不幸等事。【活学活用】None of the criminals punishment. The prisoner had already (from) the prison when the police arrived.8. disaster n 灾难 灾祸 常见短语a traffic disaster 一起交通事故 a disaster area灾区cause / invite a disaster惹祸 suffer /meet with a disaste r遭受灾难单词积累 disastrous adj 极糟糕的，灾难性的，失败的 disastrously adv 灾难性地，极糟糕地9. destroy(destroyed, destroyed)vt.毁坏；摧毁An atom bomb would destroy a city. 【相关链接】destroy, damage, ruin辨析: destroy: 多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味。damage: 指“损坏”，常指人的威信、名声或物品的外观、价值、用途等受到损坏、失去或降低使用价值,但仍可修复。可用作名词，常用词组do/cause damage to。ruin: 指“破坏；毁坏”，与destroy接近，强调毁灭的彻底性，是一次性的行为，即人、物毁坏到不复存在或面目全非的地步；也可用于引申意义， 特指抽象意义中珍贵美好的事物。如 ruin ones future, ruin ones career。【活学活用】 The building was completely by the fire. The repairman tried to repair the car which was in an accident. The earthquake did a lot of to the city. It rained for 3 days, which my holiday. 9. remains n. 剩余物She fed the remains of her dinner to the cat. 表示“遗址”和“遗体”。The archeologist discovered the remains of an ancient culture. 【拓展】 vi. 遗留、逗留、继续存在；Few villages remained after the flood. link.-v.仍然是；保持不变(后接名词、形容词、分词、介词短语等) to remain silent/standing/seated依然 His mind remains active. He remained the leader after the election. 仍需去做（或说、处理）还有很多事要做。 你对不对还得等着瞧。It remains whether you are right.逗留，不离去(not leave)The plane remained in the ground. adj.remaining 剩下的 the remaining money( )Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seen C. seeingD. seen10 commercial adj / n 商业的，商务的，贸易的单词积累 Commerce n 商业 贸易 commercialism n 营利主义，商业主义Commercialize vt 使商业化，使商品化。【学习感悟】【自主训练】一、单词拼写。 1. The time bomb e_, but fortunately nobody was injured.2. This city was believed to have been g_ covered by sandstorm.3. Mount Vesuvius hasnt e_ for many years.4. The earthquake left the whole town in r_.5. They d_ the room with flowers and balloons.6. I was f_ to catch todays last train to Shanghai at the last minute.7. It is generally accepted that the Chinese c_ is one of