人教版八年级英语上册各单元知识点讲解.doc

Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?1. go on vacation 度假 holiday但vacation表示长的假期 2. visit museums 参观博物馆 3. go to summer camp去夏令营4.something interesting有趣的东西5. in excitement兴奋地1） something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代词。2）当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于其后； 如， something special; 3）something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句，表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。 4.buy sth. for sb. 或 buy sb. sth 如： buy some books for me. = buy me some books.5.提建议的句子 What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping? Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shopping Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?6. long time no see 好久不见 7 . most of the time 大多数时间 8.enjoyable activities 令人愉快的活动 19. try paragliding 尝试滑翔伞运动10. 辨析： get to/reach/arrive 都是“到达“的意思get to+地点=reach+地点= arrive at+地点（小）=arrive in+地点（大）11.nothing.but.意为“除.之外； 只有”，如：I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看电视什么也没干。 12. feel like 意为：“感受到；摸起来”，后跟宾语从句或名词。如：I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。 It feels like a stone. 它摸起来像一块石头。另外，构成短语 feel like doing sth.意为“想做某事”。如：I feel like eating.我想吃东西。13.enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 =have fun/have a good time.14. the top of the hill 山顶 18. feed(fed) hens and pigs 喂鸡和猪15. I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道过去这里的生活是什么样的 感到疑惑；想知 如：I wonder where they are going.16.Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍然没有人感到烦闷。 1）seem意为“好像；似乎；看来”，是个连系动词，构成的短语有： seem（to be）+adj. 似乎. 如： He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。 It seems that + 从句 似乎. 如： It seems that he was ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。2） bored (adj)，“感到厌倦的，,其主语是某人； boring(adj)，意为无聊的，其主语是某物。17. Because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below. 1） because of + 名词/代词/名短 I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因 18. 形容词/副词enough 如：She is not old enough to go to school.enough名词如：enough umbrellas 足够的雨伞19. so+形/副+that 从句：She is so popular that everyone likes her. such+名短+ that 从句：She is such a popular girl that.20What a difference a day makes! 一天的差异多大啊！ 1. What a/an + adj.+ n(单)+主+谓！或 What + adj. +n（复不）+主+谓！ 2. How+ adj. +主+谓（联系动词）！或 How + adv+主+谓（实义动词）！21. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.Unit2 How often do you exercise?1. exercise （v/n）的用法 1）（动）:锻炼. 如： He exercises every day.2) (可数名词). 如：do morning/ eye exercises; do math exercises (不可数名词) :如： We often do / take exercise on weekends.2.-How often do you usually go shopping? Sometimes/Twice a week. 有时候/一周两次.1) go shopping 意为“去购物”。Go+ v- ing : 表示进行某项活动。如：Go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking 2)频率副词：always=all the time, usually, often, sometimes=at times , hardly ever, never (1).sometimes: 有时候；sometime：某时；some times：许多次/倍; some time: 一段时间 2）how often表示“多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。其回答通常有：频率副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, neverhow often 次数时间段: 如：once or twice a week every 时间段: every day (每天) 区别：everyday（每天的；日常的）3. 空闲的Are you free tonight? be free 免费的 4 junk food 垃圾食品5. 满的；饱的” be full of : The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。6She says its good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益。（1）be good for：“对有好处”。 如：Doing exercise is good for our health.（2）be good at：“擅长于” 如：He is good at playing football.(3) be good with: “与相处好” 如： The teacher is good with his students.7go online = use the Internet ：上网 8. Teenager magazine 青少年杂志9. more than two hours=over two hours:超过 10. go to the dentist: 去看牙医11. keep healthy = stay healthy = keep in good health: 保持健康12. ask sb. to do : 叫做某事 Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. ask sb. about sth. : 问某人某事 We asked our students about their free time activities. ask sb. for sth. : 向某人要求 如：ask teacher for help 13. help sb. with sth. 如：They help me with this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。14. (n) 惊讶: to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊讶地 I was surprised at the news = I was surprised to hear the news.15. fifteen percent of the students 百分之十五的学生 16. swing dance 摇摆舞17.although(conj):“尽管；虽然”，表示转折关系，同义词有though, 不能与but同时使用。如： Although theyre neighbors, they dont play together.= Theyre neighbors, but they dont play together.尽管他们是邻居但是他们不在一起玩。18. maybe (adv): 也许，大概 (Maybe) he (maybe) knows it. 如：Maybe he is at home.= He maybe is at home.= He may be at home. 19. Its good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows. by: 通过 方式 He learns English by singing English songs. through 通过 方式+ 名词： The best way to relax is through exercise 20. such as =like + 名短： 如： such as winning the game.21.Old habits die hard. 恶习难改. die(v):死亡；消失 death(n): 死亡；22.Most students use it for fun and not for homework.23.You can spend time with your friends and family as you play together. 度过（时间） 如：spend the weekend with family 花费（时间、钱） 如：He spent 20 yuan (in) buying the magazine. Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister1.事实上in fact 2. 唱歌比赛the singing competition 3头发更短的the one with shorter hair 4. 真正关心我truly care about me 5.只要；既然as long as 6. 一就 as soon as7. 分享一切share everything 8. 与不同 be different from 9.与一致be the same as 10. 与 相似的 be similar to 13.打电话询问更多信息 call for more information 14. 形容词和副词的比较 1)比较级：表示两者(人或物)之间的比较2 )大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级: good better - best3.) 加more/most .部分双音节和多音节词 .-ed/ing结尾的形容词；adj+lyadv.4.) 双写的词： big hot fat thin red wet sad二比较级基本句型： 1 实义动词+ adv./ （比 than）如：Lucy runs more slowly than Lily.2. 主语必须与对比成分保持一致：Her hair is longer than yours.(your hair) 3 as+adj./adv.(原级)+as 如同一样。 否定： not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as 4比较级and比较级：越来越 e.g. They talked more and more loudly.5. The比较级,the比较级：越就越 The more exercise you do, the stronger youll be.6. “Which / Who is + 比较级， A or B？” e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one?注意： 1. 原级常与very, as，so, too, quite，pretty, really连用。比较级常与much, even, far, than, a little, a bit, a lot 连用. 2,Than 后的比较状语结构: eg. He runs faster than me/ I (do).16. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 然而，你能看得出丽莎真的想赢。 1). tell 告诉 ： tell sb. sth.(不能为it/them)= tell sth. to sb. ; tell sb. (not) to do sth. 辨别；识别：Can you tell the differences between the twins? 2).though意为“然而；但是”表示转折关系， 常放于句尾，用逗号隔开，而however可位于句首、句中或句末，常用逗号隔开However，You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win17. I think friends are like books- you dont need a lot of them as long as theyre good. 我认为朋友就像书-你不需要很多，只要好 就行。18.My best friend helps to brings out the best in me.我最好的朋友帮我激发出我最好的品质 bring out生产；出版： The factory brings out a new kind of car. bring out the best/worst in sb. 激发出某人最好/最差的品质. 19. I know she cares about me because shes always there to listen (to me). 我知道她关心我，因为她随时都能够听我倾诉。care for 关心；照顾 = take care of或look after 20. I dont really care if my friends are the same as me or different. if: 是否； 如果21They both like sports. 他们俩都喜欢运动。both：两个都，用在实动之前，其它动词之后）22.A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.一个真正的朋友向你伸出手，触动你的心弦。I was touched/moved（触动；感动） by his words. 我被他的话打动了。23. She made me laugh and feel better. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑某人 make/let /have sb. do sth.= get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事 make+宾语+形容词: 使某人/某事怎样 如： His words make us happy. 2). 24. Its not easy for me to make friends. (make friends with sb. 与.交朋友) Its+adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth.: 某人做某事怎么样. (It是形式主语，to do sth.是真正主语) 25. The most important thing is to learn something new and have fun. 最重要的事情是学习新的东西和过的开心。26. Thats why I like reading books and I study harder in class. 那是我喜欢读书和在班上更努力学习的原因。Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater?1.the best movie theater 最好的电影院 5.the shortest waiting time 最短的等待时间 6. three meals a day 一日三餐 8.buy clothes the most cheaply买衣服最便宜 9. the worst service最差的服务 10. buy tickets the most quickly 买票最快 12. choose songs the most carefully选择歌曲最仔细 13. the street performers 街头表演者 14. the most exciting magicians最令人兴奋的魔术师 15. takeseriously认真对待16. the most creative talent show最有创意的才艺表演 17获得一等奖 win the first prize形容词副词的最高级 :大多数形容词和副词有：原级、比较级、最高级: badly worse worst 二最高级基本句型结构 系动词+ the+adj.(最) of + 同类 ( of all/us.) 1.） 主语 + 谓语动词 + the + adj./adv.(最) + 实义动词+ (the)+ adv.(最） in + 范围 (in China.)如：Tara is the youngest of all. Linda draws (the) most carefully in her class. 注：1. 副词的最高级前可省略 “the”： 如：sit (the) most comfortably 坐得最舒适2）. Which / Who +the + 最高级, A, B or C ? e.g. Which do you like (the) best, apples, pears or oranges? 3）. one of +the +最高级（形）+名（复）： “最之一”。 e.g. Jack Chen is one of the most famous actors in the world. 4）. the + 序数词+最高级（形）+名（单）：e.g. Hainan is the second largest island in China.22How do you like the neighborhood so far? so far: 迄今为止；到现在为止 同义句：1. How is the neighborhood? 2. What do you think of the neighborhood?23. Thanks for telling me. thanks for (doing) sth. = thank sb. for (doing) sth.感谢某人做某事24No problem. 1). 不客气；（回答感谢） 2）没关系（回答道歉）3).没问题（回答请求26Its always interesting to watch other people show their talents. 看其他人展示他们的才艺总是有趣的。 如：I often hear her sing. (经常) I saw her come into the classroom. (已发生) I saw them playing basketball yesterday. ( 某次或正在发生)27. 全世界： around the world = in the world = all over the world.28. All these shows have one thing in common. 所有的这些节目都有一个共同之处。常见的；普通的 如：common knowledge 常识; common people 老百姓 have sth. in common (with sb.): （与某人）在某方面有共同之处。29. The cinema is the closest to my home. 电影院离我家最近。30When people watch the show, they usually play a role in deciding the winner. 当人们看节目的时候，他们通常扮演着决定获胜者的角色 play a role in . 在.扮演角色/起作用 如：play an important role in the family 31. The winner always gets a very good prize. 获胜者总能得到丰厚的奖励。32.Some think that the lives of the performers are made up.有些人认为表演者的身世是编造出来的。 made up 原形 make up e g: I made up a story 33. One great thing about them is that they give people a way to make their dreams come true 关于这类节目一个很好的事情是他们给人们提供了一个实现他们梦想的方式。1）give sb. a way to do sth : 给某人提供一个做. 的方式。2）come true: （梦想等）实现 Study hard, your dream will come true one day.34. be talented in: 在.有天赋 She is talented in music. Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?1do a good job 干得好 （well done） .2 a symbol of 的象征 3 in the 1930s 在二十世纪三十年代 4. disagree/ agree with sb（不）同意某人5. (n)计划： make a plan to do sth.= plan to do sth. 制定计划做 make a plan for sth. 为制定计划 如: make a plan for your trip.6. 站立：stand up 代表: stand for sth. Our flag stands for our country. 容忍（否）: cant stand (doing) sth. 如: I cant stand telling lies.7. - What do you think of soap operas? - I dont mind them. 1). 认为；以为：如: What do you think of sitcoms. 想起；记得：如: I cant think of his name now. think about: 考虑 如: He is thinking about going on vacation8. I hope to find out whats going on around the world. 1.) (v)希望： hope to do sth. ; hope +that从句.I hope so. 我希望如此。 I hope not. 我不希望如此。 2 ) find out ：查明；弄清楚 如: Youd better find out who broke the window. 3 ）发生(happen)：Whats going on here?9We had a discussion about TV shows. 我们讨论了电视节目。 discussion(n); discuss(v)about sth. = discuss (about) sth. 讨论 10 I like to follow the story and see what happens next.我喜跟着故事发展看接下来发生什么。11You can expect to learn a lot/ much from sitcoms. 你能期望从情景喜剧中学到很多。 1). 期望；盼望：expect sth/that+从句: I expect the result.expect (sb. )to do sth. I expect (you) to win the game. 2). learn from ：从中学到 learn from ：向学习12. be famous for.: 因（技能；特色）出名 Edison was famous for his inventions be famous as.: 因（身份；产地）出名 He is famous as a magacian.15. He become very rich and successful.。他变得有钱而且成功.success (n):成功-succeed(v)取得成功-successful(adj)/ successfully(adv) 成功的16. One of the main reasons is that Mickey was like a common man, but he always tried to face any danger. 主要原因之一是米老鼠就像一个普通人，他总是尽力面对任何危险。 1）尽力做.: try to do sth. I try to solve the problem myself.我尽力自己解决问题 尝试做.: try doing sth. He tried opening the door, but he failed 2) danger(n)- dangerous(adj)危险的；in danger 处于危险中； out of danger 摆脱危险17. luck（n） (adj) lucky/unlucky 幸运的/不幸的 good luck 祝你好运（事前） 18. 失去；丢失 such as losing his girlfriend 迷失(方向、路) lose the way 19. be ready to do sth. 准备/乐于做. ; be ready for sth. 为.做准备 愿意的；准备好的 get ready to do sth./ for sth. (为)准备（做.） 20.She dresses up like a boy and takes her fathers place to fight in the army. 她女扮男装，替父从军 1) (vi) 穿衣 : She dresses casually. 她穿着随意 (vt) 给.穿衣: The little girl can dress herself. dress up: 化妆;打扮 dress up as sb.化妆成某人 be /get dressed (in.)穿. 2) take ones place = take the place of sb. : 代替；替换 take place : 发生(happen)21，Would /Do you mind (doing) sth.?你介意。吗？ never mind：没关系（回答道歉: sorry）； Unit 6 Im going to study computer science4. a race car driver 一个赛车手 5. the coming year 6. get a lot of exercise 多锻炼 8. physical health身体9. study medicine at a university 在大学学医10. take medicine. 吃药11. New Years resolutions 新年的决心 12. eat healthier food 吃更健康的食物13. give the meaning of resolution 解释决心的含义 15. a cooking school 一所厨师学校 16. another foreign language 另一门外语 17.at the beginning of 在开始时 19. What do you want to be when you grow up? grow up 长大；成长 (vi) 生长；发育 Vegetables here grow well. He grows taller. (vt) 种植 People grow rice in South China. 20.Im going to keep on writing stories 我将继续写故事。 保持（状态）： 如： keep healthy. Keep the door open 持续 keep (sb.)doing sth. (不停)做 如：They kept me talking. keep on doing sth. (间歇后)做 如：keep on trying 21. Just make sure you try your best. 确信的 Be sure to do sth. 一定要/务必 如：Be sure to come tomorrow. make sure of sth. 如：You should make sure of the time. 务必 确保；核实 that 从句 如：Make sure (that) anyone else knows the secrets for sure 确切地；肯定地 No one knows for sure what 22.Im going to write articles and send them to magazines and newspapers. 邮寄；发送 如：send a letter/ message 打发；派遣（人） 如：send sb. to sp. ; 23.Sounds like a good plan. (=That sounds like a good plan.) 听起来像一个好计划。 (v)听起来 sound+ adj That sounds wonderful.(feel/smell/taste/look ) 听起来像sound like +n It sounds like a good idea. 24.Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby like painting or taking photos. 有些人也许会说他们将会开始一项业余爱好，比如绘画或摄影 开始做（兴趣） He took up (playing) golf when he was a child. 25. The start of the year is often a time for making resolutions. 新的一年的开始常常是下决心的时候。26. For this reason, some people say the best resolution is to have no resolutions. For 因为 如：Thank you for helping me. I had to stop, for I was feeling quite hungry. 27. Some resolutions have to do with better planning, like making a weekly plan for schoolwork. 有些决心是与更好地计划有关，比如为学习做周计划。 have to do with. 与.有关 have nothing to do with.与.无关 day-daily每周（的）; month-monthly每月（的） ; year-yearly 每年（的）28 Most of the time, we make promises to other people 大部分时候我们向别人做出承诺。 (n)承诺；诺言 make promises （to sb.）to do sth. 许下承诺去做某事. keep a promise :遵守承诺 break a promise 违背承诺29. The first resolution is about my own personal improvement.第一个决心与自我提高有关。 1) own (adj)自己的 ： I saw the accident with my own eyes. 我亲眼看到的这起事故。 2). improve(v):(使）好转；改善 I expect to improve my English. improvement (n) 改进； 30. To question the idea of making resolutions. 对下决心这种想法提出质疑(n)问题；疑问 the answer to the question in question 在讨论中 out of question 毫无疑问(v) 怀疑;对.表示疑问: No one has ever questioned his honesty. 没有人怀疑他的忠诚。 Unit 7 Will people have robots?1. live to be 200 years old 活动200岁 2. in the future 在未来3. world peace 世界和平 4. live in an apartment 住在公寓里 5. look for 寻找 5. on a space station 在太空站 6. in space 在太空 7. seem impossible 似乎不可能8. human servants 人类的仆人 9. think like a human/humans 像人类一样思考10. over and over again 反复地 11.pollute the environment 污染环境 12. on the earth在地球上 13. the meaning(s) of words 单词的意思 14. in the sea. 在海洋 15. another foreign language 另一门外语 16. move to other planets. 搬到其他的星球去17. in the sky. 在空中 18. in danger处于危险之中 18. during the week 在这周之内 19. out of danger 脱离危险 20. at some point 在某一点上；在某种程度上；在某个时候 21. Books will only be on computers, not on paper. 书将只在电脑里， 而不是在纸上。22. There will be more pollution. 将会有更多的污染。 1). There will be + n = There is/are going to be + n 将会有 (不能have与连用) There is going to be a football match this Friday. 2). pollution(u.n): 污染；公害 pollute(v)：污染；弄脏 polluted(adj)：受污染的23. Everyone should play a part in saving the earth. 每个人应该参与挽救地球。24. Ill fly rockets to the moon.= Ill go to the moon by rocket. 我将乘火箭去月球。25. Today there are already robots working in factories. 现在已经有机器人在工厂里工作了。 There be sb. doing sth. 有某人正在做 There is a bird singing in the tree. 25.They agree it may take hundreds of ye