高考英语七选五技巧及习题.doc

高考7选51. 7选5的命题分析本题型的内容是一篇总长度为500600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有67段文字，要求考生根据文章内容从这67段文字中选择出5个答案，分别放进文章中5个空白处。此题型所考文章不仅长度上长于阅读理解A节中的文章(每篇约400450词)，阅读量大，而且在文字难度和做题要求上也都高于A节。A节中的文章是完整的，在通读文章或查读细节时，思路不会被打断。而此题型文章中有5处空白，在阅读过程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主题、作者的写作意图，就很难顺畅地读下去、读明白，自然就很难选出正确答案。而一个空填错势必又影响到对另外一个空的选择。另外，此题有5个空白处，却提供67个选项(根据大纲)，因此有12个选项是多余的干扰选项，从而又加大了选出正确答案的难度。2. 7选5的考察要点这一考查题型对阅读理解提出了更高层次的要求，即不仅要有阅读速度，要对所读文章的主旨要义、具体信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点，区分出论点和论据，并且能够把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次，只有了解了这一切，才能比较准确地确定应该选择哪个选项。不过，只要了解了这种新题型所考查的要点，出题位置，在阅读文章时有意识地加强对文章写作思路和结构组织安排的理解，掌握英语文章常见的几种写作结构，对迅速增强此类新题型的应对能力还是非常有帮助的。3文章结构(a)描述性结构(主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点，对人物的描述如传记，包括人身体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就贡献等内容进行描述，因此时间、地点往往是出题重点)(b)释义性结构(解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用例子比喻类比阐述)(c)比较性结构(把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行对比)(d)原因性结构(这种结构主要分析事物的成因，客观的、主观的、直接的、间接的)(e)驳斥性结构(这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其评论或驳斥，然后分析其优点缺点、危害性、最后阐明自己的观点)4. 7选5的解题步骤1)快速阅读全文要点词句，包括首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折词的句子等，目的是掌握文章的主要内容。但是由于文章中空缺了五处，而且有的地方空缺的是几句话甚至是一整段，文章的整个结构和逻辑是被打断了的，因此在短时间内掌握文章要点或逻辑思路是很困难的。因此这一步可能对很多考生来说会花费很多时间。如果感觉困难而且收获不大，可直接进入第二步，即一开始就边阅读边分析做题。2)边读边做题，重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应基本清楚了。3)重新阅读相关词句，重点做刚才没做出的题或不确定的题，此时可将已选出的答案代入原文，利用排除法。同时检查核对已选出的答案，看文章从内容上是否语义连贯合理，语篇结构上是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切。如果所选的答案可以满足上述标准，则表明各个问题的答案基本正确。4）比较两类关键词 ：将7个选项的关键词与5个空的前后句中的关键词进行比较，匹配的是正确答案。具体方法：1 阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词 在阅读文章的开始部分、明确文章的基本话题以后，要阅读五个空自的前后句，并将前后句中的解题线索，即关键词标记下来。关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组），专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。2 阅读各个选项，尤其是选项的首句，标记关键词 3 比较并匹配上述两类关键词，确定答案 4 将确定的答案代入原文，看读起来是否通顺。 例文：51 You dont show your secret personality when you are awake because you can control your behavior, but when you are asleep，your sleeping position shows the real you52.The important position is the one that you go to sleep in If you go to sleep on your back，youre a very open personYou normally trust people andyou are easily influenced by fashion or new ideasYou dont like to displease peopleSo you never express your real feelings53 If you sleep on your stomach，you are a rather secretive personYou worry a lot and youre always easily upsetYou always stick to your own opinions or judgment，but you arent very ambitious(上进心)54.This means that you enjoy having a good time If you sleep curled up，you are probably a very nervous personYou have a low opinion of yourself and so youre often delusiveYoure shy and you dont normally like meeting peopleYou prefer to on your own，Youre easily hurt If you sleep on your sideyon have usually got a wellbalanced personality55.Yonre usually carefulYou believe in yourselfYon sometimes feel anxious，but you dont often get sadYou always say what you think even if it makes people rather angry.A. Youre quite shy and you arent quite sure of yourselfBYou know your strengths and weaknessC.Normally people seldom change their sleeping positionD .Everyone has got two personalitiesthe one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and realE.Maybe you dont want to make friends with a person who sleeps curled up.F .You usually live for today not tomorrowG. In a normal night，of course，people frequently change their positions七选五解题策略 七选五解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。衔接手段分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接（具体如下）。一词汇衔接又可以具体分为三种：代词、同义词/近义词、上下义词/同一范畴词对应关系。 1. 代词：英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例题：The new design was well received by the reception staff of the hotel chain._正确选项句子为：They all believe that its introduction has led to a modern , more professional corporate image and greater confidence among them.例题分析：选项中的they是一个复数人数主格代词，对应空格前句中的staff。staff是一个集合名词（全体员工），是个复数概念。代词中有一类叫不定代词，常见的有：one, everyone, everybody, each, both, all, many, these, this等，特别要注意它们所指代的名词概念的单复数性质，考生如果对此比较敏感，对解题有很大的帮助。例题：It is important, therefore, that we should know what people using our stores want of us._ During the past two years, we have been working hard to improve the standard of our products in both these areas.正确选项句子为： The research made by the company shows that, above all else, customers expect fashion and value.例题分析：空格后的句末in both these areas中both这个不定代词提示考生空格中一定出现两个并列的名词概念，即fashion and value。当然该题也可通过同义词对应解题：选项中的expect对应空格前的want,表“需求”。2. 同义词/近义词：英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。例题：Laura Ashley made a fortune by looking back to past centuries, searching for old designs to decorate a variety of clothes and household furnishings. _. 正确的选项是：These traditional products created a huge wave of demand from the States and elsewhere. 例题分析：空格前句中的old和选项中的traditional是近义词，是很明显的同义对应关系。 有的时候，如果选项中出现空格前后句里相同的词汇，尤其是实词（特别是名词），这往往是很好的提示。这就是所谓的同词重复现象。例题：51 You dont show your secret personality when you are awake because you can control your behavior, but when you are asleep，your sleeping position shows the real you正确选项为Everyone has got two personalitiesthe one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real例题分析：空格后句和空格里都出现了personality，secret，在读选项的时候很容易注意到这个同词重复的解题线索。3. 上下义词/同一范畴词：什么是上下义词和同一范畴词？举个例子你们就明白了。Fruit和apple之间就是上下义词，因为前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。Apple和orange之间则是同一范畴的关系，都属于fruit。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。 例题：A recently study by American management institute shows that the processing of documents takes up 60% of office works time, 40% of labor costs and up to 10% of business income. _.正确的选项是：These figures are hardly surprising since documents convey nine-tenths of all information. 例题分析：选项中的these figures 提示我们前句一定出现了大于等于三个数字，figure/number/ data等都是表示“数字、数据”的意思，空格前面出现了三个百分数，属于数字的一种，是上下义词的关系。 例题：Certain key products have been subject to a thorough review, most notably menswear, where significant advances have been made in product design and manufacture. _.All of these have reported an increase in market share. 正确的选项是：Other areas where product innovation has been particularly effective are in lingerie, （女士内衣） gifts and home ware.例题分析：空格后句开头的all of these 提示我们空格里面肯定出现大于等于三个并列的名词概念，正是选项中的lingerie（女士内衣）, gifts（礼品）and home ware（家居用品），这三个名词与前句中的menswear(男士服装)属于同一范畴类的事物，都是百货商店中的常见商品类别。从这道例题我们还能得出这样一个有用的结论：很多题目的衔接可能不止一个，我们可以从不同的角度来解题或对答案进行验证。4)数字线索：包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如numbers, rate等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。Researchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberry-flavored products sold in stores 72 Of the 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruitIn addition, each juice box contained nearly eight teaspoons of sugar正确答案为They found that about 60 percent of them didnt contain any fruit at all从数字60 percent，空后11和空前的28可以推出此空与数字有关。再从空中的them和空后的the 11 products可以推测前面提到了products.二逻辑衔接根据前后句之间的逻辑关系又细分为：解释关系、例证关系、因果关系、顺逆关系。1. 解释关系：前后句之间含有解释的逻辑关系，这样的逻辑关系是很隐蔽的。例题_thats why I dont wear a white coat.正确选项：He has tried to create an environment where people are not afraid 例题分析：后面说不穿白大褂，前面则为解释的原因。2. 例证关系：前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。例题：Manager should provide regular feedback to their staff._.正确选项：For example, when good work has been done it must be praised.例题分析：选项是对前句举了一个十分明显的例子。3. 因果关系：前后句的逻辑是因果关系，常见的逻辑表达有：because, for, since, as, the reason is that，result in/ from, be due to, be attributed to 等等。还有一些表示因果逻辑关系的表达是比较隐蔽的，如：underlie（前者构成后者的基础，实际是前者是因，后者是果），再如：in response to(前者作为后者的回应，即后者是因，前者是果)。 例题：There is no doubt that, in an increasingly competitive trading environment, we are better equipped than ever to compete and to win and we feel increasingly optimistic._. 正确选项：This is due to our now having a clear strategy（战略） with a focus on the customer, product improvement 例题分析：选项句中有一个非常重要的形容词clear，这个词足以说明该公司的strategy(战略)是正确的，一家公司有着清晰而正确的战略思想当然会使其蒸蒸日上。空格前面一句正是讲的该公司踌躇满志，十分乐观。空格句开头的this is due to 反映出这样的因果逻辑关系。4. 顺逆关系：英语行文中后句对前句不是顺承逻辑关系就是逆转逻辑关系，这是显然的常识。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。 例题： know as Glasgows most fashionable dentist,正确选项Jerome is keen to point out that he takes his work very seriously.：.例题分析：空格前句作者用了一个as引起的倒装表示尽管他是城里最时尚的牙医，但人家对工作可是（take seriously），不是绣花枕头。所以考生可以在备选项中搜寻转折逻辑的各种表达法，很快就能找出正确的选项。逻辑关系线索词汇(a)并列与递进关系： and, or, also，neithernor,eitheror,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same as,besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more(b)因果关系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, sothat, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result ,because of ,in that, for this reason, of course(c)转折让步关系：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than ,instead of, it is true that,of course,although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of(d)时间关系：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间。三：出题位置1)如果问题在段首(a)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。(b)与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有 某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。(c)段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。2)如果问题在段尾(a)空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。(b)通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。(c)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。(d)与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找到关键的线索词句。(e)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。(f)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。例文 一Most drinks stating that they are fruit-flavored （水果味道的） contain no fruit at all, while most of the rest contain only a small quantity of fruit, according to a study carried by the British Food Commission Shoppers need to check the labels（标签）before buying drinks, though sometimes the actual content can be non-existent, said Food Commission spokesperson Lan TokeloveFood production is highly competitive_71 _ It will increase profits, and consumers wont always realize they are being tricked.Flavorings are focused on the flavors of natural food products such as fruits, meats and vegetables, or creating flavor for food products that do not have the desired flavorsResearchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberry-flavored products sold in stores 72 Of the 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruitIn addition, each juice box contained nearly eight teaspoons of sugar 73 Lets take jam as an example. Some strawberry-flavored jam was labeled as containing no artificial colors, flavors, or sweeteners, but it contained absolutely no strawberries at all.74 Consumers have the rights to know clearly about what they have boughtUnder current UK law. Food packages do no not have to distinguish between natural and artificial flavoring. Describing a product as strawberry flavor and covering the surface of the packed with pictures of stawberries is misleading. 75 Unfortunatcly, it is also legal and widespread, Tokelove said.AThe products which contain real fruit are popular with peopleBEven products advertised as more natural often contained no fruitCThey found that about 60 percent of them didnt contain any fruit at allDIf companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do soEIt is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the productsFActually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry or even no fruit at allGThe Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on the packaging.利用代词线索范文（二）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 On a typical hot August day in Xianyou County, Fujian Province, Zeng Demei, a retired worker in his seventies, hurries down a busy streetIn his hand is a black leather bagZeng opens his bag, taking out two forms 71_. Each of the forms contains detailed information of a studentOn his arrival two hours later a woman greets him and leads him to her office where another man is waitingThey are the two village officialsThey inspect the forms handed to them by Zeng and immediately recognize the girls 72 _ ? Its a pity but it doesnt matter says Zeng, who wastes no time in deciding to look for the remaining child, Su QiujuAfter half an hour, they stop outside a small house made of mud brickA middle-aged man and a girl in a faded pink dress greet themSu Qiuju is eight years oldShe was forced to drop out of school after both her parents diedShe is now living with her uncle who cannot afford his own childrens educationHowever, the year of education Su Qiuju did complete was a successful one 73 _ When they are about to leave, Zeng says, I must find a supporter for this girl to sponsor her education Zeng has made it his retirement task to help children complete their schoolingBack in 1999, Zeng took part in a campaign started by the local womens organization to help students from poor families 74 _His task had begun and since then he has spent his time persuading his friends and neighbors and others to donate moneyTo me, childrens education is the most important 75 I have to find sufficient funding before the school opens in SeptemberWhen asked how long he will keep up his vital work as the communitys guardian angel, he has a simple reply Not until my eyes cant see, and my feet cant moveAThey were having problems with their schoolworkBThese are for the two girls hes going to visit this morningCThey live in a small village not very far, though only one of the girls is still living at homeDShe displayed a talent for handwriting, writing her three-character name neatly and beautifullyEThe thought of students dropping out of school bothers me so much that I cant get to sleep at nightFOf course, some people question why I would want to give up my retirement to go to so much troubleGHe was so overcome by the tough situation of many poor children ?that he donated all his money to help out a girl（三）下面再从逻辑关系上看一篇文章（2009年高考英语辽宁卷阅读理解新题型样题）Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a batter student in several ways71 Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report.72 Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process.73The following methods may work best for you.Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.Write your notes in your own words.74Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time.75A. Use words, not complete sentences.B. There are three practical note-taking methods.C. You must write your notes on separate paper.D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.（四）Muzak The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? 71Its similar to the music you listen to, but its not exactly the same. Thats because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you dont even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway. Quiet background music used to be called elevator (电梯) music because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name Muzak. About one-third of the people in America listen to Muzak everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired.72If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters dont want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why?73 Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak doeswhat it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. 74 Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries. 75. They say its boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak! A. Some people dont like Muzak. B. The music giv