六年级英语名词讲解与练习.doc

第一章 名词一、名词的单复数名词分为普通名词和专有名词。普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。其中普通名词中可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等)；普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。1、 可数名词的单复数（1） 规则变化 名词单数变复数，直接加 -s 占多数； s, x, z, ch, sh 来结尾，直接加上 -es； 词尾是 f 或 fe，加 -s 之前先变 ve； 辅母 + y 在词尾，把 y 变 i 再加 -es； 词尾字母若是 o，常用三个已足够， 要加 -es 请记好，hero, tomato, potato。 （2） 不规则变化 男人女人 a 变 e，鹅足牙 oo 变 ee； 老鼠虱婆也好记，ous 变 ic； 孩子加上 ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变。 【解说】 1）英语名词有单数和复数的区别，单数表示“一”，复数表示“多于一。”名词由单数变复数，多数是规则的变，直接加 -s，例如：book books, girl girls。但以 -s, -z, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾的名词，变成复数时加 -es, 例如：bus buses, buzz buzzes, box boxes, watch watches, brush brushes 2）-f(e) 结尾的名词单数变复数歌诀： 树叶半数自已黄，妻子拿刀去割粮，架后窜出一只狼，就像强盗逃命忙。 妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌，躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。例如：leaf (树叶，叶子)，half (一半)，self (自已)，wife (妻子)，knife (刀子)，shelf (架子)，wolf (狼), thief (窃贼，强盗) 和 life (生命)，这些名词变成复数时，都要改 -f (e) 为 v，再加 -es。 3）-f 结尾的名词直接加 -s 变复数歌诀：海湾边、屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。例如：gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief，这些名词变复数直接加 -s。 注：scarf(围巾；披风) 可以先改 f 为 ve 再加-s，也可直接加 -s。 4） 辅音字母 + y 结尾的名词，把 y 变 i 加 -es。例如：baby babies, country countries, family families；而 -y 前是元音时，-y 不变，直接加 -s。例如：day days, boy boys 5.）以 -o 结尾的名词变复数时，多数直接加 -s。例如：radio radios, piano pianos, kangaroo kangaroos；有的须加 -es，中学课本中有几个这样的单词，可以通过一句口诀来记忆：黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆。即：Negro Negroes, hero heroes, tomato tomatoes, potato potatoes；有的以 o 结尾的名词既可加 -s 也可加 -es。例如：volcano (火山) volcanos / volcanoes 等。 6）名词复数的不规则变化需要特别记忆。例如：man men, woman women, goose geese, foot feet, tooth teeth, mouse mice, louse (虱子) lice, child children, fish fish, deer (鹿) deer, sheep sheep 等。7）初中课本中表示“某国人”的名词复数形式变化可通过歌诀记忆：中日不变英法变，其余 -s 加后面。例如：Chinese Chinese, Japanese Japanese；Englishman Englishmen, Englishwoman Englishwomen, Frenchman Frenchmen, Frenchwoman Frenchwomen；American Americans, Rusian Rusians, Arab Arabs, German Germans 等。 2、 不可数名词的单复数1）不可数名词一般只有单数形式，没有复数形式。当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。2）有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。如：water (水) waters (水域)orange (橘汁) oranges (橘子)3）有些不可数名词可借助单位词表示一定的数量。例如：a cup of tea 一杯茶, two piece of paper 两张纸, an item of news 一则新闻二、名词的所有格 在英语中，表示名词所有关系的形式叫名词所有格。口诀1英语名词所有格，表示物品所有权。名词后加 s，这种情况最常见。两者共有添最后，各有各添记心间。复数名词有s, 后面只把 来添。名词若为无生命，我们常把of用。A of B是B的A，体现英汉序不同。【解说】1）单数名词词尾加s。如：Marias hair 玛丽亚的头发 My fathers pen 我爸爸的钢笔2）表示两者或两者以上共同的所有关系，仅在最后一个名词词尾加s。如：Lily and Lucys mother 莉莉和露西的妈妈3）表示两者或两者以上各自的所有关系，每个名词词尾均需加s。如：Lilys and Lucys bag 莉莉和露西的书包4）规则复数名词后只加 。teachersoffice 老师们的办公室 studentsbooks 学生们的书5）名词若是无生命的东西，还可以用of 构成名词所有格。翻译时需注意英汉语序的不同。a map of China 一幅中国地图 the door of the room 房间的门英语名词所有格，表示某物是谁的，所有格构成有方法，单数名记S加，复数名词尾有S，只加逗点莫回S，名词若是无生物，所有格构成用OF。口诀2名词所有格，表物是“谁的”，若为生命词，加“s”即可行，词尾有s，仅把逗号择；并列名词后，各自和共有，前者分别加，后者最后加；若为无生命词，of所有格，前后须倒置，此是硬规则。【解说】 1） 有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s结尾，则只加“”；2） 并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加“s”，如果是共有，则只在最后名词加“s”；3） 如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格，这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同，A of B要翻译为B的A。英语名词所有格 表示某物是“谁的”，通常后加“s”，Tom s mother要记住。复数有s只加“”，TeachersDay记清楚。若是两人共有时，只在后者把“s”加。表示两人分有时，前者后者都把“s”加。名词若是无生命，of短语来把所属关系表。翻译时要注意，从后往前错不了。一、普通名词与专有名词（一）根据橱柜中的标签，将下列代表物品的单词放入适当的位置。 food stationery others clothingRuler， tennis， apple ，socks ，bag， shirt， notebook， shoes， milk stockings， pen， mat， sneakers ，scissors ，pants ，shorts(二)单项选择。1. -Whats your name? -Im_ A. Betty B. betty C. lily2. -Where are you from? -I m from_ A. america B. America C. American3. This is_, my teacher. A. Mr. li B. mr. Li C. Mr. Li4. Are you going to _ on May Day? Its the capital of_ A. bei jing, China B. Beijing, China C. Bei Jing，china5. -Whos he? -Hes_ A. Green Mary B. Jim Green C. Jim green6. Look at_. Its nice. A. Picture 2 B.2 picture C. pictures 7. -Where s Frank? -He s in_105. A. room B. Rooms C. Room8. -Do you like _? -Yes, I do. A. English B. english C. chinese9. -Is it the _? - Yes. Its wonderful. A. great wall B. Great wall C. Great Wall10. I have math lessons on_. A. Monday B. monday C. the Monday11. Im a girl. I study in a_. A. Primary School B. Primary school C. primary school12. When is_? A. Mothers Day B. Mothers day C. Mothers day(三)把下列字母组成单词。水果类m a g o n e a r p a p e c h o g e r a n p e g r a l e a p p动物类r b i t a b n k e ym oe n h d k u c t e r i gr a b e交通工具类b e i k b s u r c a t i n r a n e p l a o a t b文具类cyo r a n l u r e r n i f e k e n p e n pcil a g b食物类c e r i ood l e s ne a b r d a k e c l i k m d c a ny 地点类l i b r y r a n k b aa p r k solcho a c b e hm m us e u二、可数名词单数和复数 (一)写出下面名词的复数。1. dog ( ) 2. glass( ) 3. ear( ) 4. shark( ) 5. duck ( ) 6. van ( ) 7. apple ( ) 8. candle( ) 9. present ( ) 10.telephone( ) 11. kite ( ) 12. snake ( ) 13. window ( ) 14. rabbit ( ) 15. insect ( ) 16. door ( ) 17. comic book ( ) 18. computer( ) 19. bedroom ( )20. flower( ) 21. table( ) 22. bug( ) 23. vegetable( ) 24. poster( ) 25. tie ( ) 26. coin( ) 27. turtle ( ) 28. photo ( ) 29. tomato ( ) 30. potato ( ) 31. mouth ( ) 32. boy ( ) 33. dress ( ) 34. box ( ) 35. watch ( ) 36. dish ( ) 37. bus( ) 38. class ( ) 39. body ( ) 40. country ( )41. child( ) 42. man( ) 43. woman( ) 44. mouse( ) 45. fish( ) 46. sheep( ) 47. deer ( ) 48. tooth( ) 49. foot ( ) 50. goose ( ) 51. leaf ( ) 52. knife ( )(二)写出下面名词的单数。1. boats ( ) 2. houses ( ) 3. coats ( ) 4. dresses ( ) 5. knives ( ) 6. potatoes ( ) 7. stories ( ) 8. women ( ) 9. desks ( ) 10. villages ( ) 11. leaves ( ) 12. balls ( )(三)根据上下文，选择名词的正确形式填空。1. How many _ are there on the farm? A. pig B. pigs C. piges2. How much is the _? A. bread B. beans C. books3. These are _. A. potatos B. sheeps C. cabbages4. He washes the _. A. bowles B. boxs C. dishes5. Do you want some _? A. apple B. butter C. egg6. Lets get some _. A. pear B. oranges C. apple7. She has five _. A. stickers B. pen C. hat8. They have a big _. A. living rooms B. reading room C. bathrooms9. I bought a box of _ yesterday. A. pear B. apple C. apples10. Its a slice of _. A. pizza B. pizzas C. pizzas11. Give me two _ of potatoes. A. bags B. bag C. box12. I have three _. A. comic book B. comics book C. comic books13. How many _ are there on the farm? A. duck B. ducks C. duckes14. - What are those?-They re _. A. tomato B. tomatoes C. tomatos15. Would you like some _? A. popcorn B. popcornes C. popcorns(四)把下列单词、词组补充完整。1.一些球some _ 2.我的手套my _ 3.4个汉堡包four _ 4.他的名字his _ 5.她的大眼睛her big _ 6.参观博物馆visit the _ 7.照相take a _ 8.在葡萄的上方above the _9.唱歌sing a _ 10.进行野餐have a_三、不可数名词(一)根据中文，圈出正确的英语短语。1.一些米饭 A. some rice B. some rices 2.三片面包 A. three breads B. three slices of bread3.一瓶牛奶 A. a bottle of milk B. a bottle milk 4.许多钱 A. many moneys B. much money5.一些肉 A. some meat B. some meats 6.一条新闻 A. a piece of news B. a news7.许多工作 A. a lot of works B. a lot of work 8.一张纸 A. a paper B. a piece of paper9.一杯汽水 A. a soda B. some soda 10.一磅胡萝卜 A. a pound of carrots B. a pound of carrot(二)用所给名词的正确形式填空。1. Tom, do you have an _ (orange T-shirt)? 2. There is some _ (chicken) in the bowl.3. Is there any _ (water) in the box? 4. Are there any _ (picture) on the wall?5. All the _ (boy) stand by the window. 6. I like _ (winter) the best.7. I bought a bag of _ (rice) yesterday. 8. We have three _ (bag) of _ (peach).9. Have some _ (strawberry), please. 10. I m hungry. I d like some _ (food).(三)单项选择。1. Im busy today. I have _. A. a lot of homework B. many homeworks2. I would like some apple _. I am very thirsty. A. juice B. juices3. I often dust the _ home. A. furniture B. furnitures4. Shes _. A. Chinese B. Chineses5. They are _. A. doctors B. doctor6. I see you have white _. A. hair B. hairs7. There are five _ in his family. A. people B. peoples8. The _ is very fresh. A. food B. foods9. Can you give me some bottles of _ juice, please? A. orange B. oranges10. Would you like some _? A. water B. waters四、名词所有格(一)按要求写出家庭成员名称。1. Betty s mother s mother _ 2. Betty s father s father_ 3. Betty s father s brother_ 4. Betty s mother s sister _ 5. Bettys aunts son _ 6. Bettys father and mother_(二)圈出正确的翻译。1露西的帽子 A. Lucy hat B. Lucys hat C. Lucys hat2汤姆的妈妈 A. Tom mother B. toms mother C. Toms mother3怀特先生的汽车 A. Mr. Whites car B. Mr. White car C. mr whites car4我妹妹的玩具 A. my sisterss toy B. my sisters toy C. mys sisters toy5猫的尾巴 A. the cat tail B. the cats tail C. the cat tail6问题的答案 A. the questions answer B. the answer for the question C. the answer to the question7今天的报纸 A. today paper B. todays paper C. today papers8一周的休假 A. a week holiday B. a week holidays C. a weeks holiday9锁的钥匙 A. the kev tothe lock B. the locks key C. the key of the lock10我的一位朋友 A. my a friend B. a friend of my C. a friend of mine(三)英译汉。1. my mothers hat 2. the walls of our classroom 3. the drivers car 4. the trees of the park5. tomorrows weather 6. New Years Day 7. Children s Day(四)将下列句子填写完整。1.We are _ _(这个班级的学生) 2.Where are my _ _(爸爸的鞋)? 3.Tom has _ _(一张上海地图) 4 ._ _(这个医院的护士)is in the office 5.March 8 is _ _(妇女节)综合练习题一、选择正确的答案1、 All the people at the conference are _。a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacherb. mathematics teachers d. mathematics teachers 2、All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month。a. women doctors c. woman doctorsb. women doctor d. woman doctor 3、-Are there any _ on the farm? -Yes, there are some。A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 4、- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ?- Certainly。A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters 5、Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday。A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear 6、There is some _ on the plate。A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears 7、The little baby has two _ already。A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths8、We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe 9、Please remember to give the horse some tree_。A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave 10、He gave us_ on how to keep fit。A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice 11、Please pass me _。A. two glass of water B. two glasses of watersC. two glasses of water D. two glass water 12、There are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _。A. sheeps, people B.sheep, peopleC. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples 13、This table is made of _。A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass 14、_ can get a better view of the game than the participants。A. Looker-on B. Lookers-on C. Looker-ons D. Lookers-ons 15、Some _ are flying kites near the river。A. child B. boy C.boys D. childs 16、Mr. Smith always has _ to tell us。A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good newsC. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news17、Twelve _ were hurt, but no _ were lost in that accident。A. person; life B. people; lives C. peoples; lives D. persons; life 18、In the view of the foreign experts, there wasnt _ oil here。A. much B. lots of C. a great deal of D. many 19、The police investigated those _ about the accident。A. stander-by C. standers-by B. stander-bys D. standers-bys20、Generally there are _ television programs for children on Saturday。A. little B. much C. a large number of D. a large amount of 1. Are those _?-No， they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep; cows B.sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow D. sheeps ; cows2. Mum， Im quite thirsty. Please give me _.A. two orange B. two bottles of orangeC. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges3. I have got _ news from my friend. Do you want to know?A. a very good B. any C. a piece of D. two pieces4. _ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and LilysC. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys5. Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk6. This is James Allan Green. We can call him _.A. Mr. Green B. Mr. Allan C. Mr. James D. James Green7. Jack and Tom are _.A. good friends B. good friend C. a good friend D. good a friend8. Its only about ten _ walk to the nearest post office.A. minutes B. minutes C. minutes D. minute9. He often has _ for breakfast.A. two breads B. two piece of breadsC. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads10.Mrs. Green has two _. Theyre very bright.A. childs B. child C. childrens D. children11.What did the headmaster say about Jims _.A. two months holiday B. two months holidayC. two-month holiday D. two months holidays12. I wont go there with you， for I have a lot of _ to do.A. works B. job C. work D. working13.Li Lei is a friend of _.A. I sister B. my sisters C. me sister D. my sister of14.Have you read _?A. todays B. today paper C.the todays paper D. to