人教版高中英语必修1Unit 2 English Around the World(B 1).doc

Unit 2 English Around the World (B 1) Section 1 Warming up, Reading & Comprehension重点知识精讲1、 重点单词1. official (1)adj. 官方的；正式的The countrys official language is Spanish. 这个国家的官方语言是西班牙语。I intend to lodge an official complaint. 我打算正式提出申诉。 (2) adj. 公务的a list of my official duties 一大堆我要处理的公务 (3) n. 官员；高级职员；公务员He is an official at the local bank. 他是这家地方银行的高级职员。【知识拓展】office n. 办公室；办事处officer n. 军官；警员；官员 2. native adj. 本国的；本地的；出生地的；土产的 n. 本国人；本地人；土著人Our native language is Chinese. 我们的母语是汉语。This is a plant native to the eastern US. 这是一种生长在美国东部的植物。The government of the island treated the natives badly. 该岛政府对待土著居民的行为很恶劣。 【知识拓展】be native to . 属于本地生产【辨析】native与localnative的意思是“出生地的；家乡的；土生土长的”，它是与人或物的出生地和原产地紧密联系的一个单词。local意思是“当地的；本地的”或“本地人；当地居民”，它是一个与人或物当前生活或存在的地点密切联系的一个单词。I dont know of a cheap restaurant. Ask one of the locals. 我不知道哪一家饭店便宜，找一个当地人问问吧。We native Chinese always follow the traditional customs of China. 我们这些土生土长的中国人往往遵循中国的传统习俗。3. actually adv. 实际上；事实上；真实地Actually, he never loves her from the bottom of his heart. 事实上，他从来没有从心里喜欢过她。Actually, its we that owe you a lot. 实际上应该是我们感谢您才对。【知识拓展】actual adj. 真实的；实际的；目前的In fact=in actual fact=as a matter of fact=in reality=in effect=actually 实际上；事实上【辨析】actually与reallyactually意为“实际上；事实上”，它指的是发生于客观现实或实际生活中的真实情况，而不是假想的或脑海中认为的那样really 意为“真正地，的确”，可用来说明自己的真实意愿，意为“真的”；或表示实际上已经发生的情况，这时它相当于actually；或者表示某件事是真实发生而不是模拟的或幻想的。I really dont need more money. 我真的不再需要钱了。Now its the time that they should really go into space. 现在到了他们真正进入太空的时候了。Actually, he can earn as much as 2,000 dollars a month. 实际上，他每月收入多达2,000美元。4. base (1) vt. 以为根据；把（总部等）设在They decided to base the new company in New York. 他们决定将新成立的公司总部设在纽约。 （2）n. 基部；基地After the attack, they returned to base. 他们发动攻击之后返回了基地。 （3）n. 基础（支持、收入、力量等的）来源，源泉Our business needs to build up its customer base. 我们的业务需要建立客户基础。The policies have a broad base of support. 这些政策受到广泛的支持。 (4) n. 根基；底座The lamp has a heavy base. 这个台灯的底座很沉。【知识拓展】base sth on/ upon sth. 以为基础（根据）（通常用被动：be based on/ upon）A good marriage is based on trust each other. 美满的婚姻是建立在相互信任的基础上的。Success is based on hard work. 努力工作是成功的基础。5. gradual adj. 逐渐的；逐步的a gradual change in the climate 气候的逐渐变化Recovery from the disease is very gradual. 这种疾病的康复过程很缓慢。【知识拓展】gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地The weather gradually improved. 天气逐渐好转。Gradually, the children began to understand. 孩子们渐渐开始明白。6. latter adj. (1) 较后的，后半的during the latter stages of the championship 在锦标赛后面的几个阶段 (2) （两者的）后者的 The latter point is more important. 后面提及的那一点比较重要些。【辨析】late, later, lately与latter(1) late adj.& adv. 晚的（地）；迟的（地）Im sorry. Im late. 很抱歉，我迟到了。He often goes late to school. 他经常上学迟到。(2) later adv. 后来（一般与数词连用） later on 后来，以后（为副词短语）Three minutes later, he came back. 三分钟后，他回来了。(3) lately adv. 近来；最近（常与完成时连用，用于否定和疑问句中）Have you seen him lately? 近来你见到他了吗？(4) latter adj. 较后的；后半的；（两者中）后者的 the latter 后者（为名词短语）Of those two girls the former studies well, but the latter doesnt study well. 这两个女孩中前者学习好，但后者学习不好。He changed a lot in the latter half of the year. 下半年他变化很大。7. Identity n. 身份；本身；本体Whats the identity of this piece of metal? 这是一块什么金属？He had lost his identity card and was being questioned by the police. 他丢了身份证，受到了警察的盘问。【知识拓展】identity vt. 验证；识别；认出identification n. 识别；认明；确认identical adj. 完全相同的；同一的identify with sth/sb. 认为与一致identity card 身份证8. fluent adj. (1) （尤指外语）流利的；文字流畅的She is fluent in Spanish。 她的西班牙语很流利。 (2) （动作的）流畅熟练fluent movements 优美流畅的动作【知识拓展】fluently adv. 流利地；流畅地fluency n. （尤指外语）流利；流畅2、 重点短语1. more than(1) more than + n. 不仅仅(= not only)China Daily is more than a newspaper to us middle school students, it can also help us to learn English. 对我们中学生来说，中国日报不仅仅是份报纸，它还能帮助我们把英语学得更好。（2）more than + num. 超过；多于（=over）My husband earns more than 3,000yuan a month. 我丈夫每月收入3,000元。（3） more than + adj./ adv. / that从句 非常；十分Her performance was more than good; it was perfect. 她的表演非常好，可以说是完美的。(4) more + adj./ adv. + than + adj. /adv. 比更He is more brave than wise. 他有勇无谋。(5) more + adj./ n. + than + adj. / n. 与其说倒不如说Hes more (a) scholar than a teacher. 与其说他是老师倒不如说他是学者。(6) more than one +单数名词+ 单数谓语动词 不止一个More than one teacher was given a chance for further study. 不止一个老师得到了深造的机会。【知识拓展】no more than=only 仅仅；只有not more than = at (the ) most 至多；最多；不超过no more + adj./ adv. than 和一样都不not more than + adj./ adv. 不如更less than 不到；少于not less than 不少于【辨析】not morethan和no more thannot more than意思是“不如更”，表示的是一种比较。no more than意思是“和 一样都不”，表示对两者的同时否定。Hes no more your friend than Im your mother. 他不是你的朋友，就像我不是你的母亲一样。I cant afford more help to you than he. 我不如他能给你提供的帮助多。2. be different from sb./ sth. 与不同；不同于My way of thinking is quite different from hers. 我和她的思维方式不一样。This is a different car from the one I drove yesterday. 这辆车与我昨天开的车不同。【知识拓展】 differently adv. 不同地；有差异地difference n. 不同；区别；差异differ v. （使）不同；不一样；发生分歧make a difference 产生影响；造成不同make all the difference 关系重大make no difference 根本没有影响make little/ much difference 没/ 有很大区别differ with sb about / on / over sth. 和某人在方面意见不同。3. At the end (of) 在末端；在末He is to return at the end of this month. 他打算在本月底返回。Walk straight ahead and youll find a bulletin board at the end of this street. 径直往前走你会发现这条路的尽头有一个布告牌。【注意】at the end (of) 既可表示一段时间的最后也可以表示一段路程的尽头。【知识拓展】in the end=finally= at last 最后；最终by the end of 到末为止come to an end 到头；结束end to end 衔接；首尾相接make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；收支平衡on end （指）时间连续地put an end to sth. 结果end in sth. 以为结果end up doing sth 结束；完成【辨析】in the end, at the end (of) 与 by the end (of)in then end与finally, at last同义，意思是“最后；终于”，它通常与一般过去时连用。at the end (of) 可表示时间也可表示距离，表示时间时可与一般过去时或一般将来时连用。by the end (of) 意为“到末为止”，常与完成时态连用。He tried many times and in the end he succeeded in passing the driving test. 他试了好几次最后终于通过了驾驶考试。They started working on the project at the end of last August. 他们是去年八月底开始这项工程的。By the end of next month well have finished all the tasks. 到下月底为止，我们将完成所有的任务。How many new words had you learned by the end of last year? 到去年年底为止，你已学了多少新单词?4. because of 因为；由于I wont take part in the discussion because of my not feeling quite myself today = I wont take part in the discussion because I dont feel quite myself today. 我不参加你们的讨论了，因为我今天感觉不舒服。【辨析】because of与because二者都表示“因为；由于”，引起原因状语。但because是从属连词，引导一个原因状语从句。because of 是复合介词短语，后接名词、代词、动名词或what引导的宾语从句。We didnt go because it rained. 我们没去，因为下雨了。He left the room because of what she said. 他听到她的话后，就走出了房间。【知识拓展】表示原因的（复合）介词短语还有：due to 由于（引起表语或状语，但不用于句首）thanks to 多亏；由于（引起状语）owing to 由于；因为（引起表语或状语）as a result of 因为；由于；因为的结果（引起状语）on account of 因为（引起状语）by reason of 因为；由于（引起状语）5. come up 被提出；走近；上来；发生Your question will come up at the meeting. 你的问题将会在会议上被提出。Ill tell you if anything comes up. 如果发生什么事，我会告诉你的。He came up to me and expressed his thanks to me. 他走上前来向我表示感谢。【知识拓展】 come up in the world 生活、地位上升come down in the world 生活、地位下降come up against sth/ sb. 碰到困难；遭到反对come up with sth. 提出；想出（计划、方案、回答等）【注意】come up作“被提出”讲时，本身已有被动含义，故不用于被动语态。表示“某人提出”或“某人被提出”可用sb. comes/ came up with sth.或sth. comes/ came up.6. at present 现在；目前We do not have any more information at present. 目前我们没有进一步的消息。【知识拓展】 presence n. 出席；在场；仪容；风采 presently adv. 很快；马上(=very soon)；目前；现在(=now)present sb. with sth 把某物赠送给某人present sth to sb 指某物颁发给某人present sb./ sth./ oneself as sth.展现出样子be present at 出席；参加for the present 暂时；目前make a present of sth. to sb. = make sb. a present of sth. 把某物作为礼物赠送给某人 in the presence of sb. = in sbs presence 在某人面前【注意】present用作形容词时，作“现在的；目前的”讲，作前置定语；作“出席的；到场的”讲，作后置定语。 7. make use of 利用；使用How to make good use of his/ her spare time is of great importance to a persons life. 利用好业余时间对一个人的生活来说非常重要。The fuller use you make of your time, the more likely youll succeed. 你的时间利用的越充分，你就越有可能成功。【知识拓展】表示“利用”的短语还有：take advantage of 利用；趁之机make the most of 充分利用make the best of 充分利用【注意】make use of中的use经常被用来先行词，而make of被置于一个定语从句，也是一种常见的考查该短语的形式。The reason was in the use the animals make of the fat that are stored in their bodies. 原因在于动物对储藏在他们体内的脂肪的利用。8. a number of 许多；大量的A large number of storybooks have handed out among the children. 大量的故事书已分发给孩子们。Hong Kong has a very large number of English speakers. 香港游许多说英语的人。【辨析】a number of 与 the number ofa number of 用来修饰可数名词复数形式，它相当于(large )numbers of，意为“许多；大量的”。当 large numbers of和 a large number of 后面的复数名词用作句子的主语时，句子的谓语动词用复数形式。the number of意为“的数目”，其后接复数名词，当它用作句子的主语时，句子的谓语动词用单数形式。The number of students who surf the Internet after school is interesting. 放学后上网的学生的数目在增加。A number of students surf the Internet after school. 许多学生放学后上网。【知识拓展】表示“许多；大量的”之意的短语还有：（1） 只能修饰可数名词复数形式a great/ good many 许多；大量 与复数谓语动词连用quite a few 相当多的（2） 修饰可数名词单数形式many a 许多 与单数谓语动词连用more than one 不止一个；许多（3） 只能修饰不可数名词a good/ great deal of 大量的 与单数谓语动词连用not a little 许多a large amount of 大笔的；大量的 根据amount的数确定谓语动词的单复数形式large amounts of 大笔的；大量的（4） 既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词a lot/ lots of 许多；大量的 根据后面名词的可数或不可数确定谓语动词的数plenty of 充足的；大量的a good supply of/ supplies of 大批的 根据supply，quantity，collectiona large quantity of/ large quantities of 大量的 的单复数形式确定谓语动词的单a large collection of/ lager collections of 许多；大量的 复数形式9. such as 诸如，像那样的；譬如说Many things such as plastic and rubber never rot. 像塑料和橡胶之类的很多东西从不腐烂。Some of the European languages, such as French, Italian and Spain, came from Latin. 有些欧洲语言，例如法语、意大利语和西班牙语源于拉丁语。【知识拓展】意为“诸如之类的”，其中的as既可用作介词，也可用作连词，之后接名词、代词或定语从句。such that句式中that从句为结果状语从句，译为“如此以至于”。I dont like such a person as John. 我不喜欢约翰那样的人。You shouldnt have given such a difficult problem as none of your students could work it out. 你本不该给学生们一个没有一个学生能解出的难题。Its such as a fine day that we want to have a picnic. 天气如此好以至于我们想去野餐。【辨析】such as 与 for examplesuch as用于列举事物，常用于被列举的事物和前面的名词之间，但所列举的事物的数量不等同于被列举的名词的总量，否则就用that is或namely。for example主要用于举例说明，一般只列举同类人或事物中的“一个”。其位置比较灵活，可置于句首、句末或句中。Such a disaster as her car being stolen had never happened before. 像她的汽车被盗之类不幸的事，以前从未发生过。I like fruit, such as apples. 我喜欢吃水果，例如苹果。A lot of people here, for example, John would rather have coffee. 这里很多人，例如约翰，宁愿喝咖啡。三、 重点句型1. Why not go by Underground？为什么不坐地铁去呢？“Why not + 动词原形？”表达向某人提出建议，译为“为什么不？”“干吗不？”-Do you usually go by air? 你通常乘飞机去吗？-No, we dont. 不，我们不常乘飞机。Why not? 为什么不呢？Why not?=Why dont you usually go by air?“Why not？”更常见的用法是用作说话人向对方提出一个建议，意思是“何不？”这里的“Why not do？”句型与“Why dont you/ we？”句型为同义句型。Why not go out for a walk?=Why dont we go out for a walk? 何不出去散散步呢？【注意】Why not后面必须接动词原形，即 “Why not do？”，而另一种表示建议的句式“What/ How about?”后面接动词时必须接动词的-ing形式。What/ How about playing football after school? 放学后踢足球怎么样？2. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. 以英语为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相理解。even if引导的从句是一个让步状语从句。even if也可换成even though，意为“即使；尽管”。I wont give up even if I fail a third time. 即使第三次失败，我也不会放弃努力。Mothers are always loving their children even if they make mistakes. 即使孩子们犯错误，妈妈们也总是爱着他们。【注意】（1）even though/ if引导的让步状语从句若表示将来的事，从句的谓语动词用现在时态表示将来，即从句中不出现将来时。I wont take part in his party even if he invites me. 即使他邀请我我也不参加他的聚会。（2） even if/ though引导的让步状语从句如果表示一种与现实相反的或不大可能实现的假设，则句中用虚拟语气。主句用would + 动词原形，从句用一般过去时、“were to+ 动词原形”或“should + 动词原形”.I wouldnt admit I had told a lie, even if the sun were to rise in the west. 即使太阳从西边出来，我也不会承认我说了谎。【辨析】even if/ though，as if/ though与though/ althougheven if/ though意为“即使”，引导的是让步状语从句。as if/ though意为“仿佛，好像”，引导的是方式状语从句。though/ although意为“虽然，尽管”，引导的是让步状语从句。He looked at me as if he hadnt seen me at all. 他看着我就仿佛是从来没见过我一样。I wouldnt give up even if/ though I failed 100 times. 即使失败100次我也不会放弃的。Although/ Though he worked very hard, he failed to pass the maths exam. 虽然他学习很刻苦，但他没有通过数学考试。3. So why has English changed over times? 那么为什么英语随着时间的推移发生了变化呢？句中的over表示时间，意为“经过或度过一段时间”，侧重于产生的结果。China has changed a lot over the past twenty years. 在过去的二十年间中国发生了巨大的变化。【知识拓展】表示时间时， over还有“一边一边；正在进行的过程中”或“正在从事的时候；过完”的意思。Tom was so tired that he fell asleep over his work. 汤姆如此劳累以致于在工作期间睡着了。Lets discuss this matter over supper, Ok? 我们边吃晚饭边讨论这件事，好吗？Why not stay here over the weekend? 何不过了周末再走？4. At first the English spoken in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. 起初大约在公元450年到1150年期间英格兰所讲的英语和今天讲的英语大不相同。句中的两个spoken都是过去分词用作定语，修饰前面的先行词the English， 表示一种被动关系。【知识拓展】现在分词和过去分词都可用做定语。它们的选择主要看分词和被修饰的词之间的关系，若为动宾关系，用过去分词；若为主谓关系，用现在分词。There are a large number of people speaking English all over the world. 全世界有许多人讲英语。I dont believe the news told by Mr Wang. 我不相信王先生告诉我的那条消息。He wrote a report based on facts. 他以事实为依据写了一份报告。When you read a book, there are usually pictures forming in your mind. 你读书时，通常有画面在你脑海中形成。例题点津例题1.（改为同义句）The teacher was unhappy because he made the same mistake a third time. The teacher was unhappy _ _ _ _the same mistake a third time.答案 because of his making点拨 because of 和because同义，只是because后跟原因状语从句，because of后跟名次、代词、动名词等成分。例题 2. The new set of English textbook, SEFC, _ only five units in each book. A. includes B. holds C. teaches D. contain答案 A点拨 就意义而言，A项和D项都和题意，但D项应为第三人称单数形式。例题 3. -Tom is very stupid. He failed the exam once again. -He is _ than stupid. A. lazier B. no lazier C. more lazy D. lazier rather答案 C点拨 more than为固定句式，意思是“与其倒不如”，答语句意：与其说他笨还不如说他懒。例题 4. -Did you take enough money with you? -No, I needed _ I thought I could. A. not so much as B. as much as C. much more than D. much less than答案 C点拨 much more than 意为“多得多”。例题 5. Flying will become an important part once your business becomes _. A. great B. international C. private D. national答案 B点拨 由主句的Flying will become an important part可知，下文应是（生意做成）国际化了。故选B项。例题 6. The _ government has approved that the _ can speak their _ language as well as English, the official language.答案 local; native; native点拨 the local government指“当地政府”；the natives指“土著居民”；ones native language指“某人的母语”。例题 7. -Have you _ some new ideas? -Yeah. Ill tell you later. A. come about B. come into C. come up with D. come out with答案 C点拨 句意：“你提出了一些新想法吗？”“噢，以后我会告诉你的。”come about,“发生”；come into“进入；得到”，come up with，“提出”；come out with“发表；公布”。根据句意应为“提出”，故选C。例题 8. -Why dont we go to the news Sichuan restaurant for our lunch? -_ . A. Great! Ive been expecting that B. Sorry, but I forgot it C. No, I wont go for it D. Its not my pleasure.答案 A点拨 题干中“Why dont we”表示邀请，故A项符合题意。例题 9. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _ they are different from your own. A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though答案 B 点拨 句意：允许孩子们发表自己的意见，即使与你的意见不同。从句与主句为让步关系，应用even if引导。例题 10. （根据汉语完成句子）这篇新闻报道是完全以事实为依据的。 The news report _ _ _ _ .答案 is based entirely on facts点拨 be based on，“以为根据”。针对性练习单项选择（ ）1. As we all know, pandas are native _ south west China. A. on B. to C. from D. along（ ）2. A Tale of Two Cities is _ a novel. It helps us to understand the history of that time. A. not more than B. no more than C. less than D. more than（ ）3. Weve made such great progress _ your help. Which of the following is not correct? A. thanks to B. because of C. because D. as a result of（ ）4. The cost of staying in this hotel is higher than that in other hotels, but the breakfast is _ in it. A. contained B. had C. got D. included（ ）5. Born to be a Chinese, I speak Chinese as my _ language. A. native B. born C. local D. original（ ）6. Any individual can _ in improving the living environment around us as long as her/ she really wants to. A. make no difference B. make the difference C. make a difference D. make differences（ ）7. More than one student _ worked out the problem and more students than one _ to show the teacher his/ her way of thinking. A. has; wants B. has; want C. have; wants D. have; want（ ）8. He differs greatly _ his brother _ a political issue. A. with; to B. from; with C. with; on D. from; about（ ）9. A lot of countries have gained excellent achievements in space technology, China, _. A. such as B. for example C. namely D. and so on（ ）10. Every possible _ advanced technologies. A. should be made of B. should be made use C. use should be made of D. should make use of【参考答案】1. B。点拨：be native to意为“土生土长的；是当地”。2. D。点拨：该句中more than相当于not only， 意为“不仅仅”。3. C。点拨：your help为名词短语，所以前面不能用连词，故C项正确。4. D。点拨：include意为“包含；包括”，指部分含于整体中。5. A。点拨：ones native language指“某人的母语”。6. C。点拨：make a difference为固定短语，意为“产生影响；造成不同”。7. B。 点拨：more than one + 单数可数名词，与单数动词连用。more + 可数名词复数，与复数动词连用。8. C。点拨：differ with sb. on sth意为“和某人在方面意见不同”。9. B。点拨：句意：许多国家在空间技术方面取得了杰出的成就，比如中国。such as用于列举时应放在被列举的事物之前；而for example作插入语可以放在句首、句中或句末；namely，“那就是”，用于列举出全部；and so on意为“诸如此类，等等”，用于列举未尽，相当于and so forth.10. C。点拨：考查了make use of的