高二英语课件：高二英语虚拟语气

Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气,1.英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（见课本P 170页）。2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议、假设、怀疑或推测的语气叫虚拟语气。,1.表示与现在事实相反,should,一：虚拟语气在条件状语 从句中的用法。,2 表示与过去事实相反。,should,表示与将来事实可能相反。,should,条件从句,If 从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,过去,未来,过去时（were）,过去完成时,Would/could/should/might +V.（原）,Would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1.过去时2.should+V.3. were to do,would/could/should/might +V.（原）,1.If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2.If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,5.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.6.I think we could do it, if we planed it properly and could borrow the tools.7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.,与将来事实相反,二、宾语从句: wish后面的宾语从句中，表示不可能实现的愿望。译为“但愿”，“可惜”，“悔不该”，“就好了”等,（一）Wish,现在：过去：未来：,过去时（were）,过去完成时,would/could/might+V. should,I wish I were a bird.（现在）I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去）We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （将来）,1) I wish it were spring all the year round. 要是一年到头都是春天该多好啊！2) I wish I could help you. 但愿我能帮助你。3) She wishes she had been here last week. 她想要是她上星期在这里就好了。4) I wish you would be more careful in future. 希望你今后会更小心一些才好。,（二）.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气,动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand , require, request, desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。,我们建议Tom 去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,We suggested that Tom have a rest.,He insisted that I (should )be present.,The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.,They requested that we (should) send them to work there.,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire,Its suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,注意insist 作“力言”、“强调”解时宾语从句不用虚拟语气。Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 迈克力言他从未偷过东西。只有当作“坚决要求”、“坚持要”解时宾语从句才用虚拟语气。I insist she go there with her mother. 我坚持要她同她母亲到那儿去。,Suggest 作“暗示”、“表明”解时， 宾语从句不用虚拟语气。 Her pale face suggested that she was seriously ill. 从她苍白的脸上可以看出， 她病得很厉害。只有当suggest作“建议”解时，才用虚拟语气 We suggested that the sports meet (should) be put off until next Saturday. 我们建议把运动会推迟到下星期六。,necessary impossiblea. It is/was important that natural strange,三主语从句中的虚拟语气:从句中的动词要用虚拟，即:（should）+动词原形。should可表示“应该”，“居然”，“竟会”等之意，可省略但不能用would来代替。,1). It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.2). It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.3). Its necessary that we should study hard.4).It is impossible that he (should)have said so. 他居然说了这样的话那是不可能的。5). It is strange that Mary (should) think so. 真奇怪玛丽竟会这样想。,a pity a shameb. It is/was no wonder that better,1). It will be better that she stay with her grandmother. 她还是同她祖母呆在一起为好。2). It was a great pity that you (should) have made so many mistakes in your maths exercise. 太遗憾了，你居然在数学练习中犯了那么多错误,suggested requested c. It is/was desired that proposed ordered,1). It was suggested that the sports meet be put off until next Saturday. 大家建议把运动会推迟到下星期六。2).It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望我们到今晚将一切准备就绪。3). It was ordered that the medicine be sent there by plane. 命令马上用飞机把药送往那里。,四.表语从句中的虚拟语气1.由suggestion, order, advice, desire, idea, request, proposal等名词作主语的句子里，其表语从句用虚拟语气表示建议、命令或要求等。从句中的谓语动词形式为should+动词原形，其中should可以省略。1). My advice is that more trees (should) be planted around the village.2). Their proposal is that we should set up a spare time school for them.3). His idea is that we (should) discuss the report.,2.在系动词后，由as if，as though（似乎，好象，仿佛）引导的表语从句中，一般要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用动词过去式（动词be的过去式用were）对现在事实的虚拟，对过去事实的虚拟则用过去完成式（had+过去分词）。1 ) She feels as if/as though she were in danger.2 ) They looked (seemed) as if/as though they had been doctors for many years.注意在It looks (seems) as if/as though后面的表语从句中，如果表达的内容接近事实的可能性大，一般也可用陈述语气。It looks (seems) as if/as though it is going to rain.,五.同位语从句中的虚拟语气作名词suggestion, order, proposal, idea, plan等的同位语从句中用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的形式为should+动词原形，其中should可以省略。例如：1). We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing. 我们都同意他的意见，去北京观光。2). What do you think of the idea that we should begin the second experiment at once?你认为我们立即开始第二次实验的意见怎么样？,六. as if /though + Clause,现在：过去：,过去时,过去完成时,He looks as if he were drunk.,They talked as if they had been friends for years.,She loves the baby as if it were her own son.It seems as if it were spring.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,1. Would rather that,现在：过去：未来：,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,七、特殊句型,2.Its (about/high) time +that,should +V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该去睡觉了。,Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.,3.without和but for 构成虚拟。but for要不是Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today.But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed.But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.,4. If only 要是就好了 If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！,If only our parents could live with us!,If only I hadnt missed the train!,5. 某些简单句的固定句型： Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!,八： 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：,1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语