上海牛津英语8A、8B笔记

.8a 、 8b英语笔记整理8a unit 1 a letter from a penfriendrelate with = aboutambition志向（ a very strong wish）enclose bad-worse-worstill-worse-worst badly-worseworst owner(n.) 拥有者own(a./v.)1. what would you like to do?would like / love to do = want to do想要做e.g. would you like / love toyes, i d like to / love tob, ut理( 由)2. tell sb. sth. about告诉某人关 于的一些事e.g. i d like to tell you something about my trip in hong kong.3. one and a half meters tall. 1.5 米(or)one meter and a half1.5 米four and a half kilos(or) four kilos and a half用“数词 +单位 +形容词 ”来表示身高，体重，长度，宽度，年龄等e.g. this suitcase is 80cmlong , 55cm wide , 5cm high .长宽高4. 限定词（ this, that）数词（ two ）性质（ beautiful, ugly）尺寸大小（ bid ）长短（long, short）形状（ round, triangle）新旧或年龄（ old, young ）颜色（ red, blue ）国籍(产地)（chinese ）材料（ wooden, leather）状语（ shining, glowing）5. one s hobbdyoising sth .习惯性，经常one s ambitio（n wish / hope / duty / responsibility / job）+ be + to do sth.除了 hobby ，其余全用 “to do sth.”e.g. (1) his job at the moment is to look after the homeless people.(2) their duty is to keep the whole building clean.(3) todaymeswhork is to copy the new word.6. own. (v.)拥有，占有 =have，但 own 更强调物品的归属为某人自己。e.g. (1) mr. smithowns a car.(2) mr. smith has his own car.(3) mr. smith has a car of his own.7. be keen on = likevery much = be interested in = be fon特d o别f () 喜欢，渴望，热衷于. be keen on +名词 or 动名词 (doing)e.g. he is keen onplaying football.be keen on动名词make + it + adj.+ for sb. / sth + to do sth.使得做某事变得8. (1.)enjoy + doing / n.enjoy oneself = enjoy one s time = have a good time (2.)play chessplay footballplay cardsplay the pianothe violinthe guitar play + ballgames / chess / cardsplay + the + musical instrument音乐器材前加 “ the ”9. physics物理physical(a.) 物理的，身体的a physicsteacher / lab / homework.a physical change / physical education (pe)10. maybe / may be1) he is maybe at home perhaps 如果原句有动词，maybe2) he may be at home 如果原句无动词，may be ( 情态动词 )11. 1) enclose (v.) 附寄2) a photo of myself强调照片有我不等于a photo of mine等于a photo of me12. 反义疑问句陈述句（肯） ，动词（否定）主语的代词？ 陈述句（否） ，动词（肯定）主语的代词？ 例 ： 1). i am late, aren t i ?2). there is little water in the bottle, isthere ?3). there are few students in the hall,arethere? 4). you could hardly believe that,couldyou?5). he rarely / seldom goes to the cinema,doeshe?6) . let s go swimming, shallwe? 7). let us go swimming,willyou?8) . don t be late next time,willyou?祈使句的反义疑问句除“ let ssh之all外w，e?其余用” will you 。little / few / hardly / rarely / seldom否定词（反义部分用肯定）13. hope 的用法比较特殊，可以说hope to do ，但不能说hope sb. to do，这是可以用hope + (that)从句的结构来表示。hope 后不可以加to do只有 wish sb. to dotrain (v.)training (n.)培训，训练do well in = be good atwork out猜出 ，squash壁球high height身高heavy weight （ n.）weigh（v.）8a unit 2whizz kid1. expect (v.)expect sth. / sb.e.g. (1.) farmers expect a good harvest.(2.) i ll expect you for supper at 6 p.m. sharp expect to do sth. / expect sb. to do sth.e.g. (1.) he expects to finish the project in a week (2.) do you expect me to stay for another week?expect that（从句）2. businessc 公司 *start a new businessu 生意 *he went to beijing on business (go toon busin出es差s ) how is your business?quit good.*although he is my friend, business is business (公事公办 ) businessman businessmenbusinesswoman businesswomen3. similar (a.)类似的be similar to和差不多4. different (a.)不同的be different from与不同differently(ad.)不同的difference c u不同之处e.g. (1.) teenagers always think that their parents different opinions from them. (2.) can you tell me the difference between the two words?(3.) in fact, these two books are quite similar. you can choose either of them.(eitheror)5. successful (a.)成功的successfully(ad.)成 功 地 success(n.)成功a great successsucceed(v.)成功succeed in + n. (doing)he is a successful writer. he has successful published more than 20 novels. last month he succeeded in holding his first painting show. no wonder so many people admire his great success.6. must be把握程度强（肯定是）e.g. after a day s hard womrku,sytobue tired.否定式can t be（不可 能是）e.g. he can t be at home now. because he is on a business tipr .7. one of the(1.)this is one of the most expensive dresses in our shop. (2.)yesterday was one if the coldest days of the year.(3.)one of the longest rivers in the world lies in this country. one of +最高级+ 名词复词top 表示顶级的，不用最高级8. put on(wear)(1.) it s rahinairndgoutside, you pdubt eotnteyrour coat. (2.) jane is wearing a new dress.wear已经穿上put on指动作9. 一般现在时meaning1) 经常性的习惯动作：wendy always talks about business over breakfast.2) 自然界中的客观事实或真理：the sun rises in the esat.3) 表示人的心理活动或表示客观属性的动词：believe/love/hate/belong to/contain*the book contains six chapters.seructure:主语i, you, we, they一律动词原形 . ( 否) don 动t+原 .单三he, she, it动词后加 s 或 es. ( 否) doesn t+ 动原.time adverbials:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never10. luckily (adv.)lucky (adj.)幸运的【反】 unluckily不幸的unlucky (adj.) uck (n.) 运气1) you are luck enough to get the first prize.2) four is usually regarded as a(an) unlucky number.3) luckily, she was at home when i called on her.4) tom was upset, because he had bad luck all week.11. sell (v.) (sold, sold)卖sale(n) 卖sales(n. / a.)销售的a sales manager1) the sold out all the tickets by 5 p.m.2) i m sorry sir. this vase is not for sale. (be for sale可以买卖的 )3) i got this coat on sale, its very cheap. ( be on sale打折)12. manager (n.)/manage (v.)管理mange to do sth. =succeed in doing = be able to do1) it s raining heavily. he tired to get there on time.2) it s raining heavily. he managed to get there on time.做到了13. be responsiblefor对负责responsible (a.)负责responsibility (n.)责任*teacher would like to give the work to thoseresponsiblestudents.14. discuss (v.) -talk oven (about) sth.讨论discussion (n.)let s discuss todaylets worsk.h=ave a discussion about today s work. discuss about sth.可 以说 have a discussion about sth.15. over breakfast = during / at breakfast16. go to schooinl our family car. by carbuy busby train只跟交通工具17. make phone callsto18. on the way to / on one在s 去way的to路上。 home, here, there不+to19. but some of the work is boringboring(a.) -(sth.)bored(a.)(sb.)20. achievegrade in 21. i never fail an exam.fair(v.)失 败 fair to do sth. = be not able to do未能成failure(n.)失败 failure is the mother of success. he failed to pass the exam,didn t?hehe was unhappy to day,wasn t ?hefair = not pass1) he failed the exam.he didn t pathsse exam.2) he failed to pass the exam.he wasn t able topass the exam.22. the driver collects me from school. collect sb. = pick sb. up接送某人23. return to(1.) after the meeting, he returned to the factory.(2.) you d better return the books to the library before friday. return to -come / go back to返回giveback to归还24. attend a club / attend school / attend a meeting / a lecture join the army / the dancing group / the partytake part in a football match / a writing contest attend强调出席，人到场了join加入某长期的组织或团体，成为其中一员take part in参加某个具体的活动或比赛25. assist(v.) -helpassistant(n.)helper26. continue(v.)( 1.) continue doing sth = go on doing = keep doing (2.) work on介词 on 在这里表示 “某方向 ”27. seldom(adv.)-not often, rarely几乎很少，几乎不(1.) he somselladte for school, is he?(2.) it seldom snows in shanghai, doesn it?t28. need做情态动词，只能用于否定或疑问句，后只跟动词原形* you needn t clean my office*need i clean you office?need 用于肯定句，要用行为动词need ：后跟名词或动词to do形式1) he needs a lot of money to build the house.he doesn t neaedlot of money to build the house. dose he needa lot of money to build the house.whatdoes he needto build the house?2) theyneeded to thinkit over. / (theydidn t neteodthink it over ) did they needto think it over?whatdid they needto do?tom doesnneted to go there by himself.she needs to raise some money to do this project.the old lady needs good medical came.29. spend, cost, pay, take, buy区别sb. spend money / time on sth.(in) doing sth. sth. cost sb. moneysb. pay money + for sth. it take(s) sb. time +to do tooksb. buy + sth. + for +money.1) she spent 2 hours finishing this work. it took she 2 hours to finish this work.2) he spend 50yuan on the book. the book cost he 50yuan.he pay 50yuan for the book. he buy the book for 50yuan.8a unit 3 dealing with trouble1. deal v. (dealt, dealt)deal with sth. / sb.处理*how do you deal with the trouble/old books?*what do you do with the old books?2. happen v.发生，碰巧*a funny thing happened yesterday.1) sth. happen to sb.某人发生了某事did you hear what happened to peter yester day?2) happen to do sth.碰巧，不巧做了某事i happened to see him yesterday.* happen （偶然发生） take place（经安排后发生）when did the explosion happen? when will the wedding take place?*great changes have taken place in the last three years.（引导现在完成时）3. keep quiet*they are having an important meeting. let 4.wait v.wait for*who are you waiting for?airs quietlyssogonoubposdty will notice us.*they are waiting for their teacher. waiter/waitress5. suddenly adv. sudden adj.*we are all surprised at his sudden death.6. argue v. 争吵，争论 (argued, argued, arguing)*listen, they are arguing loudly.argue with sb.argue about sth.*peter argued with mary about the best place for a holiday. argumentn. 争论，论据，论点*they had a long argument about the issue.*argument, disagreement, arrangement, management, achievement, movement, excitement7. two women tourists/two men doctors two girl students/two boy students two female elephants/two male lions two apple trees只有以 man、woman 构成的复合名词在变成复数时，前后两个名词都要变为复数。8. hold v. (held, held)hold out伸出，端出 / hold a meeting开会/ hold up举起/ hold on（电话）别挂断 / hold one s br屏ea住th呼吸9. crowd n, 人 群 crowded adj.1) i saw a crowd of people running around the building2) there were crowds of people at the theatre.3) we should take care of our belongings in crowded places.4) najing road walk way is one of the most crowded street in shanghai.5) the hall is crowded with audience.10. stare v./n.盯，凝视(stared, stared, staring) stare at sb.盯着某人看1) it s rude to stare at other people.2) the teacher stare at some students if they are absent- minded.11. go on 发生，继续1) what s going on? = what s happening ?2) if he goes on like this, he will lose his job.3) although it was late at night, he was still going on watching tv.4) they went on with their discussion until 9 p.m.* go on with + n.12. move through the crowdacross the riverthrough the cityacross the roadthrough the forestacross the pipethrough the tunnel through 指从某个物体的内部空间通过，贯穿。across 指从某个物体的表面穿过13. steal v. (stole, stolen, stealing)*she wanted to steal money from his father s drawer.*rob (robbed) rob sth. of sb. robbery/robber14. notice v. 注 意i noticed that he stole the purse at the woman.i noticed him waiting him outside.(notice sb. doing) i noticed him enter the room.(notice sb. do)notice n.通知，布告the notice on the wallnotice board15. we were in the bookstore, buying post cards.*many parents stood outside the school gate, waiting for their children.*the boy sat there, crying.*he lay on the bed, thinking about the problem.现在分词作为伴随动词，补充当时状态16. follow v.*you go first and i will follow you later. follow adj. = next接着*the child was sick in the evening, but on the following day he seemed to be well again.17. hurry v.赶快 (hurried, hurried, hurrying)*don t hurry, we are not late.*hurry up, or we ll be late for the plane.*look, he is hurrying to the meeting room. hurry n.仓促，匆忙in a hurry*i m (not) in a hurry to change m y job.hurried adj.hurriedly adv.*hurried work仓促的工作*leave hurriedly / leave in a hurry18. abroad adv.上（船，火车，飞机）*they went abroad the ship.*the boat is ready to leave. all aboard. abroadadj.海外，国外*she will study abroad next year.19. strange adj.奇怪的1) strangely, i have never seen that television show before.2) don t talk to strangers.3) sorry, i don t know where the book here is because i m also a stranger here.20. afraid adj.害怕的be afraid of (doing) sth. / be afraid to do sth.*many people are afraid of snakes.*he was afraid of failing in the exam.*don t be afraid to ask for help.*are we on time? i m afraid not.21. pick up捡起，拿起*don t throw the rubbish on the ground, please.代词放在介词短语中*my father usually pick me up after school.*when i travelled in america, i picked up some american english.22. report v. n.报告*he reported a theft.*he wrote a report about the accidents. reporter n.报告人，记者23. theft n.偷窃案thief n.(pl.) thieves24. * it justlefta few minutes ago.ithas been awayfor a few minutes.25. detail n. 资料，详细情况*let s discuss the details of our arrangement. in detail详细地*let s discuss in detail.26. put the phone down*put down the old pictures from the wall.put down放下put up your hands put up举 起 put out the fire put out扑灭put on the play next week put on上演put off the sports meetingput off延期27. as we got off.get on / go off(bus, ferry, train,plane)get into / get out off(car, taxi)get to到达get ready for准备get up起床get back回来28. see sb. doing / do (sth.)see sb. doing看见某人正在做某事see sb. do1) 看见某人经常做某事2) 看见某人做某事的过程（多用于瞬间动词） 同性质词语： hear, notice, find, watchdid you often see her take a walk after supper? i saw the man go into the bank at the time.we heard tom singing in the room when we entered.did you hear him say sorry to the teacher?29. he looked worried.look 为感官动词，则后跟形容词( 同 small, taste, feel, sound) 但是如果后面还有at sb. / at sth. 时，为普通行为动词，这时需要以副词修饰。the little boy looked sadly at the broken vase, he looked really sad.the woman looked happily at her son.30. well done!做得好！ praise sb. for what he did31. i said as we walked by.as 用法：as = when*as he was a child, he enjoyed swimming. he doesn t run as fast as me. 像一样he works as a physics teacher.作为as she has no car, it s not easy for her to get th 因er 为e. walk by经过8a unit 4 numbers, everyoneages langu1. at least最少at most最多2. in ancient times 在古代3. in many different ways用很多不同的方法4. count v.数 (counted, counted, counting)*countable adj.可数的uncountable adj.不可数的mile is a countable noun while is an uncountable noun.*countless adj.无数的5. in tens十进制6. greek(s) a./n.希腊的，希腊人greece希腊roman(s) a./n.罗马的，罗马人rome罗马egyptian(s) a./n.埃及的，埃及人egypt埃及indian(s) a./n.印度的，印度人india印度7. invent v.发明invention n. 发明产物 发明inventor n.发明家1) the invention of telephone made it easier for us to communicate.2) bell is inventor of telephone.3) printing was one of the greatest inventors in the ancient china.4) who invented the light? edison.8. develop v.发展，开发(developed, developed, developing) china has developed a lot recently.*develop an ideahe developed his business three years ago.china is still a developing country.（发展中的） america is already a developed country.（发达的） development n. 发展developer n.开发者9. calculating machines计算器calculating n.用于计算的calculate计算calculation n. 计算结果 计算calculator计算机1) the teachers asked the students to calculate the width of the street.2) your calculation shows that the company didn t make any profit.3) abacus was an ancient calculating too!4) we are not allowed to use calculators in a maths exam.10. abacus n.算 盘 an abacusabacuses11. accurate adj.精准的= correctaccurately adv.*inaccurate adj. = incorrect12. electronic adj.电子的*electron n.电子electric adj.发电的，有电的，带电的electrical adj.与电有关的，电气的electricity n.电*electrician电工1) we can buy all theelectrical appliancesat the supermarket.2) our life will be very inconvenient without electricity.3) an electronic dictionary can help us look up the new words very fast.4) how manyelectric kettlesdo you have?5) my father is an electrical engineer.6) the air-conditioner doesn t work becauseeloefcatrnical fault. we need an electrician to repair it.7) electric bicycles make people to ride faster.8) if you are careless, you may get an electric shock! 13.percentage n. 百分比percent a./n.百分比，百分之一1) more than 90 percent of the students pass the test.2) tell me the percentage of the boys of your class. 14.powerful adj.强大的powerless adj.无力的power n. 能力，力量，电力，动力，权力*computer are more powerful than abacuses in calculating.15. flash n.闪现，一瞬间in a flush = like lightning16. whole adj.完整的the difference between all and whole:1) all 和 whole 都可用于表示整体的单数名词之前，但限定词的位置不一样，all 在前， whole 在后。all the city / the whole city2) all 和 whole 都可以加复数名词all the students / whole of the students whole +介词 + 复数名词3) whole一般不能修饰可数名词，all 可用于各种情况。17. living adj.活的（只能在名词前做定语）alive adj.活的（只能在名词后做表语）1) she has no living relatives.2) it is one of the living languages,.3) although he is seriously injured, he is still alive.4) the living are more important to us to the dead.18. amazing adj.令人兴奋的amazed n.使人惊奇的amaze v.使人惊奇amazement n.惊奇1) he amazed all his class by winning the gold medal.2) this is one of the most amazing stories iever heard. ve3) the little boy looked at his image in the mirrorin amazement.4) it made us too amazed to say a word/5) what an amazing film!19. solve v. find an answer to解决solution n. 解决方案it s difficult to find a solution to this problem.(the key