人教新课标高中英语选修8unit2词汇学习.doc

Words and Phrases1. differ vi. 观察示例: In pairs, look at these pictures and discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones are man-make. .*人教新课标高中英语选修8unit2词汇学习Words and Phrases 1. differ vi. 观察示例: In pairs, look at these pictures and discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones are man-make. Explain how they differ. 两人一组, 观察图片并讨论哪些是自然无性繁殖, 哪些是人工的。解释它们的区别。 Her method doesnt differ much from mine. 她的方法跟我的没有很大不同。 Modern airplanes differ from early ones. 现代飞机跟早期的在很多方面有所不同。 I differ with him I how to solve the problem. 对于如何解决问题, 我跟他的意见不一致。 They differ with each other on moral standards. 关于道德标准, 他们的见解不同。 归纳拓展： differ是不及物动词, 主要有两个义项：“不同, 相异；不同意, 意见相左”。常见的搭配有：1). sb. differ from/with sb. on/about sth.;2). sth. and sth. differ in ;3). sth. differ from sth .用介词 from, with, on, about, upon 或 in 填空。(1) We differ _ him _ _ that question.(2) The two nations differ _ culture and religion. (3) The climate here differ _ that of the South. 2. undertake vt. 观察示例: The procedure is difficult to undertake, of course. 当然, 这个过程很难实施。 The scientist undertakes the experiment. 科学家从事这项实施。 I can undertake the responsibility for the changes. 我愿意承接这项变革的案子。 The lawyer undertook a new a new case. 那个律师接了一个新的案子。 即时练习： 完成下列句子。 (1) He will _ _ _ next month (去旅行). (2) He _ _ _ _ (承担一项新任务). 3. disturbing adj. 观察示例: Then came disturbing news that Dolly became seriously ill. 然后传来了多莉得了重病的令人烦恼的消息。 The news from the front is very disturbing. 来自前线的消息令人极为不安。 归纳拓展： disturb vt. 扰乱, 使不安, 弄乱; disturbed adj. 被扰乱的, 动乱的, 不安的； disturbing adj. 令人不安的。特别提示:现在分词表示: 令人怎么样, 过去分词表示: 被使得怎么样, 感到怎么样。 如: an interesting story 令人感兴趣的故事 an interested look 感到兴趣的表情 surprised people (感到)惊奇的人们即时练习：用disturb, disturbing, disturbed填空。(1) Im very _ about Alice.(2) Dont _ the papers on my desk(3) This country is in a _ state.(4) What _ news it is!(5) A light wind _ the surface of the water. 4. object v. objection n. 观察示例: On the other hand , Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. 另一方面, 多莉的出现引来了巨大的反对 激发了传媒的热炒和公众的想像力。 I feel a strong objection to getting up early. 我极不愿意早起。 Have you any objection to my opening the window? 你反对我打开窗子吗？ My main objection to the plan is that it costs too much. 我反对该计划的主要理由是它费用太高。 vi. We object to being treated like this. 我们抗议这种待遇。 I object to the plan. 我反对这项计划。 I object that he is too young to take that position. 我提出反对意见:他太年轻不适合那个职位。 归纳拓展： object 作不及物动词时后接介词to或against. 作及物动词时可接that引导的从句。 objection是名词，常与have, take, feel 等连用构成词组： have objection to take objection to feel objection to即时练习：句型转换(1) Have you any objection to my opening the window? = Would you _ _ my opening the window?(2) take objection to smoking. = I _ _ smoking.(3) “But he is too young,” she argued. = She _ that he was too young. 5. forbid vt. 观察示例Governments became nervous and many forbade research into human clothing.政府开始感到不安, 有许多政府禁止对克隆的研究。 Smoking should be forbidden in public places. 公共场所应禁止吸烟。 Her father forbid her to go out alone. 她父亲不许她单独外出。 I forbid you entering my study. 我不许你进入我的书房。forbid 是不及物动词, 常见的搭配有： sth. doing sth.sb. to do sth.sb. doing sth.sb. sththat即时练习：完成下列句子(1) The school _ _ _ _ _ (禁止学吸烟).(2) He is forbidden to _ _ _ (进入这个房间). 6. accumulate 观察示例: vt. Some countries such as China and the UK continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. 有些国家比如中国和英国继续收集克隆能提供丰富的医疗帮助的证据。 归纳拓展： accumulate可作及物动词和不及物动词，表示:收集，聚集，堆积。 另外 accumulation n. 积聚 如: the accumulation of knowledge 知识的积聚He accumulated fortune by hard work. 他因努力工作而积蓄了一笔财富。 The purpose of education is not just accumulating information. 教育的目的不仅仅是积累知识。 vi. Dust accumulated during my absence. 我不在期间灰尘积聚了起来。 即时练习：完成下列句子(1) He quickly _ _ _ (积蓄了一大笔财富).(2) Clouds began to _ _ _ _ (在天空中聚集). 7. retire vi. 观察示例: He retired at the age of 65. 他65岁退休。 He will soon retire from the army. 他不久将退役。 The men went on talking while the ladies retired. 男人们继续交谈, 而女士们退到了客厅She retired early that night.那天晚上她就寝得早。归纳拓展： retire 作不及物动词时有两个义项：退役, 退职；退出，退后，从餐厅回到客厅, 就寝（较go to bed正式）。即时练习：完成句子(1) He worked as a guard after _ _ _ _ (退役).(2) The troops _ _ _ _ (从战地退了回来). field n. 战地 8. bother 观察示例: vt.However, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.但是, 她后来得了严重的肺病这个问题让科学家们感到烦恼。 Dont bother yourself about me. 别为我担心。 Does the noise bother you much? 那噪音使你深感困扰吗？ 归纳拓展： bother 作及物动词表示: 烦扰，打扰 作不及物动词表示: 麻烦，费事 作名词表示: 麻烦，麻烦的事，引起麻烦的人 构成的短语有： bother about sth. bother with sth. bother to do sth. 9. resist vt.观察示例:Others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to their children.其他的将存活下来并传递人其后代抵抗这种病的能力。 They resisted the attack.他们抵抗那次攻击。She resisted being carried off.她拒绝被带走。She could not resist the temptation.她无法抗拒那项诱惑。 归纳拓展： resist 作及物动词主要有三个义项: 抵抗, 对抗；抵挡, 防止；（与cannot, could not连用）无法抗拒, 无法抵挡。 即时练习： 将下列句子译成英语。 (1) 我无法抵挡巧克力。 _ (2) 他们决定留下来抵抗敌人。 _ _ 10. obtain vt. 观察示例:Meanwhile you will obtain a lot of information. 同时你将获得大量的知识。 She obtained her doctors degree in 1996. 她1996年获得博士学位。 The books can be obtained from the library. 这些书可以在图书馆里取得。 His achievement obtained him great fame. 他的成就使得他获得很大的名声。 归纳拓展： obtain 指通过努力从特定的地方获得非常想要的东西。get指得到, 所取得的东西不一定跟努力、意志有关。gain指通过努力取得对自己有益或有价值的东西。 11. cast down 使沮丧 观察示例:Cloning Scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illness were more appropriate to a much older animal.克隆科学家沮丧地发现多莉的病更容易在年老的羊身上。Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits.不要这么沮丧, 打起精神来！归纳拓展：cast down有两个义项：毁掉；使沮丧，cast away丢弃, cast off 放弃；丢弃, cast out赶走。将下列句子译成英语(1) 听到这个消息他很沮丧。 _(2) 发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。 _ _ 12. in favour of 赞成；有利于 观察示例: Is it in favour of cloning or against cloning? 他赞成还是反对克隆? The score was 80 to 78 in favour of the guest team. 比分是80比78，客队获胜。 The exchange rate is in our favour today. 今天的兑换率对我们有利。 归纳拓展：in favour of 赞成, 支持, 与against相对。即时练习：将下列句子译成英语(1) 法院作了有利于老人的判决。 _ _(2) 他赞成这项计划吗？ _ 13. be bound to 注定；有义务做观察示例:Dollys de