2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习：模块一Unit2重点知识突破(教案).docx

2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料模块一Unit 2重点知识突破一、重点词汇词汇-1. upset【原句呈现】Daniel has his arms crossed and looks upset. 【考点聚焦】upset作形容词时意为“难过的，心烦的”；upset 作动词时意为“使烦恼，使不高兴；搅乱(计划，形势等)；打/弄翻”upset的过去式和过去分词形式是upset，现在分词形式是upsetting；相关短语。【考题研读】The protesters _the meeting by shouting and throwing stones at the windows.A. attendedB. heldC. upsetD. mixedWhat were you so _? My sons not passing the college entrance examination _ me most.A. upset; upset about B. upset about; upsetC. upset for; upset D. upset; upset【答案与解析】B。句意：“你为什么感到难过？”“我儿子没有通过高考让我感到很难过。”be upset感到难过；be upset about为感到难过。【归纳拓展】be upset about/over/at sth.为某事烦心(sth.)upset sb. (某事)使某人心烦意乱(sb.)upset sth. (某人)打/弄翻某物be upset by被打乱be upset for因而不安或难过句型：It upsets sb. that . 让某人烦心的是词汇-2. defend【原句呈现】They never even gave me a chance to defend myself.【考点聚焦】defend作动词表示“辩解，辩白，辩护；防守，防护”，其名词形式为：defence/defense；相关短语。【考题研读】It is said that the murderer has employed a famous lawyer to _ him.A. defend B. protectC. defend for D. protect for【答案与解析】A。defend sb.为某人辩护。句意：据说这个谋杀犯已经雇佣了一位著名律师为其辩护。Our milk powder is especially suitable for children under 6, as it helps a lot to build the bodys natural _.A. reservation B. defence C. variety D. heritage【答案与解析】B。句意：我们的奶粉尤其适合6岁以下孩子，因为它有助于身体的天然抵御力的形成。语境表示人体对疾病的天然屏障。用defence表示“防御，保卫”。reservation预订，保留；variety种类，多样化；heritage遗产。Mrs. Green stood up _ the 16-year-old boy, saying that he shouldnt have been punished.A. in honour of B. in terms of C. in the form of D. in defence of【归纳拓展】defend oneself by.通过辩解或自卫defend.against/from.保卫免受的伤害in defence of.保卫；为辩护词汇-3. deserve【原句呈现】They dont deserve an explanation.【考点聚焦】后跟非谓语动词形式的考查。【考题研读】Whoever does wrong to his country or to the people deserves _.A. to punish B. to be punishedC. to punishment D. of being punished【答案与解析】B。deserve to be done“值得做”。句意：凡是做对国家或人民有害的事情的人都得受到惩罚。Putin has won the Russians presidential election as expected, over which many hold the opinion that he_ it in terms of his contribution to the country.A. permitsB. deservesC. admitsD. preserves【答案与解析】B。句意：普京如期赢得了俄罗斯总统大选，对此很多人认为就他对俄罗斯的贡献而言，是当之无愧的。deserve“应得，应受，值得”，符合句意。【归纳拓展】我们通过下面的一句多译来理解下列这些词之间的区别与联系：deserve, worth, worthy 和worthwhile。他关于改革方案的报告值得考虑。His report on the reform plan deserves consideration/deserves considering/deserves to be considered.His report on the reform plan is worth consideration.His report on the reform plan is worth considering.His report on the reform plan of being considered.His report on the reform plan is worthy to be considered.It is worth considering his report on the reform plan.Itisworthwhileconsidering his report on the reform plan.Itisworthwhileto consider his report on the reform plan.词汇-4. insist【原句呈现】Recently, he has been refusing to do his homework, and instead insists on wasting his time watching DVDs and listening to foreign music. 【考点聚焦】insist后接on/upon doing sth.意为“坚决要求做某事”或“一定要做某事”；insist后接从句表示“坚持要”时(实际上事情还没有发生)，从句习惯用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。如果表示“坚持说”或“坚持认为”(实际上事实已经存在)则用 陈述语气，谓语动词按常规用法。【考题研读】Mr. Smith advised us to _ a written agreement even if it was just a small deal. A. depend on B. insist on C. believe in D. rely onWe insisted that the girl _ qualified for the job, but the manager insisted that she _ the job.A. should be; was offered B. was not; should be offeredC. was; not be offeredD. should not be; was not offered【答案与解析】C。句意：我们坚持说这个女孩适合这份工作，但是经理却坚持认为不能给她提供这份工作。【归纳拓展】后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气的常见动词有：一坚持(insist)，二命令(order，command)，三建议(advise，suggest，propose/recommend)，四要求(demand，require，request，ask)，外加“敦促(urge)、想要(desire)和宁愿(prefer)”。词汇-5. harm【原句呈现】How can I help my son without harming our relationship?【考点聚焦】damage, destroy, harm, injure, ruin, wound等词的区别；相关短语和句型。【考题研读】Drinking too much has surely done a lot of harm _ his health.A. on B. forC. at D. to【答案与解析】D。do a lot of harm to对造成很大伤害。句意：过量饮酒肯定已经对他的健康造成了很大的伤害。I advise you to give up smoking for it is _ to your health.A. harm B. harmless C. harmful D. harmfully【答案与解析】C。be harmful to 对有伤害，句意：我建议你戒烟因为吸烟对你的健康有害。She was _ by what he said.A. wounded B. hurt C. injured D. damaged【答案与解析】B。hurt指人在平时或事故中受伤，还表示伤害感情自尊等。hurt更表示有强烈的疼痛感。句意：她被他所说的话伤害了。Once harm is to the ecosystem, all species will , including man himself.A. made; be in dangerB. done, be dangerousC. caused, be endangeredD. done, be in danger【归纳拓展】do/cause harm to sb.=do sb. harm=be harmful to sb.给某人造成伤害harm/harm to/be harmful to ones image/reputation损害某人的形象/名声 mean no harm无恶意There is no harm in doing sth.=It does no harm to do sth.做某事没有坏处damage, destroy, harm, hurt, injure, ruin, wound词义辨析damage伤害，损害，主要指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西，一般还可修复。damage或destroy所表示的破坏，是指对房屋或车辆等的损坏。有时该词也用于借喻；destroy毁灭，消灭，指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复，有时可用于比喻意义；harm伤害，损害，主要用于有生命的东西，偶尔也用于无生命的事物，常指伤及一个人或其健康、权利、事业等。构成短语do harm to，表示的范围更广；hurt指精神上,感情上或肉体上的“创伤，伤害”。作不及物动词意思是“疼”。其过去分词不能作定语；injury指意外伤害或事故造成的伤害，有危及功能发展之意。作名词可指平时的大小创伤或伤害；ruin 多用于借喻之中,经常指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度.表示“使破产；糟蹋掉”的意思。wound一般指刀伤，枪伤，战场上受伤，也可指对感情的伤害。后跟的宾语是整个人而不是受伤部位。另外，wound还可作可数名词，指伤口。词汇-6. forbid【原句呈现】He even forbids me from chatting with my friends in the Internet cafe!【考点聚焦】后跟非谓语动词形式的考查。【考题研读】There is a board by the road, which “Parking !”A. writes; forbidding B. reading, forbiddingC. says, forbidden D. saying, forbiddenThe headmaster forbids in the office. And students at school.A. from smoking; forbid smoking B. to smoke; are forbidden to smokeC. smoking; are forbidden to smoke D. to smoke; are forbidden smoking【答案与解析】C。第一空考查forbid doing sth.结构；第二空考查forbid sb. to do sth.的被动语态形式。故选C。句意：校长禁止在办公室吸烟，也禁止学生在学校吸烟。The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, after 11 pm.A. in staying outB. to stay outC. staying outD. stay out【答案与解析】B。forbid sb. to do sth.意为“禁止某人做某事”，此处为其被动结构。句意：学生们被禁止晚上11点后外出，除非他们有特别通行证。What did the librarian out of the library?A. permit to takeB. forbid to be takenC. allow to takeD. insist being taken【答案与解析】B。forbid sb. to do sth.禁止某人做某事；forbid sth. to be done禁止某人做某事。此句中forbid 的宾语为what。句意：图书馆员禁止将什么带出图书馆？【归纳拓展】forbid sb. to do sth./forbid sb. from doing sth./forbid sbs doing sth.禁止某人做某事 forbid doing sth.禁止做某事 forbid sth.to be done禁止某事被做(sb.)be forbidden to do sth/be forbidden from doing sth.(某人)被禁止做某事注意：prevent/stop/discourage sb. from doing sth阻止某人做某事词汇-7. limit【原句呈现】Many boys become risk-takers they want to find their own limits and the limits of the world around them, but may not have the wisdom to make good choices in their behaviour.【考点聚焦】limit意义及其搭配的考查。【考题研读】Is there a _ as to when I should return the book?Yes. You have to put it back here no later than next Friday.A. boundaryB. limitC. lengthD. degree【答案与解析】B。boundary边界，范围；limit限额，界限；length长度，距离；degree程度，等级。句意：“关于何时归还这本书有什么期限吗？”“有的。你必须在下周五之前归还。”Ive limited myself _ 1,000 calories a day to try to lose weight.A. in B. forC. to D. onKnowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but they may also _ our thinking.A. directB. limitC. change D. improve【答案与解析】B。句意：如果我们想要成功，知识和学习都是重要的，但是，它们可能也会限制我们的思维。在题干中，有很明显的转折连词“but”，故要选择其相反的含义。direct 指导，引导；improve 提高，改善；change 改变，变化。【归纳拓展】limit.to.(把)限制在limit sb. to (doing)sth.限制某人(做)某事be limited to . (被)限定在 go beyond/over the limit超过(越)限度(极限)set a limit to对限制(控制) within limits在一定程度上，有一定限制to the limit到了极点，到了极限There is a limit to是有限制的词汇-8. last【原句呈现】The good news is that these kinds of growing pains do not last.【考点聚焦】谓语动词与“last+时间名词”和“for(in) the last+时间名词”连用的时态问题；last作“极不可能的，最不合适的，最不的”的解释；相关短语。【考题研读】If you are the last student _ the room, remember to turn off the lights.A. leavingB. to leaveC. leftD. leaves【答案与解析】B。the+序数词/ last+名词+to do sth.为固定用法。句意：如果你最后一个离开教室，请记住关灯。He is the _ person to be fit for the job, because of his very bad working records.A . first B. best C. last D. only . In the last few years thousands of films _ all over the world.A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced【答案与解析】B。本题考查in the last(past) +时间段的用法：用现在完成时态，同时：produce the film，所以用被动语态。句意：在过去的几年里，全球有成千上万的电影被制作了出来。The last time I _ Jane, she _ cotton in the fields.A. had seen, was pickingB. saw, pickedC. had seen, picked D. saw, was picking【答案与解析】D。The last time相当于从属连同，引导时间状语从句，表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。句意：上次我看到珍妮的时候，她正在田里摘棉花。【归纳拓展】last but one倒数第二 last but not least最后但同样重要的at last最后，终于 the last time(从属连词)引导时间状语从句the+序数词/ last+名词+to do sth.最后一个做某事的词汇-9. be supposed to 【原句呈现】But, but you werent supposed to come home until tomorrow.【考点聚焦】be supposed to的意义及后面跟非谓语动词形式的考查；suppose的有关句型。【考题研读】What are you doing out of bed, Tom? Youre _ to be asleep.A. supposed B. knownC. thought D. considered【答案与解析】A。be supposed to do sth.意为“(按规则、惯例等)应该做某事”。如：Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one？我是应该打扫所有的房间，还是只这一间？be known to be被知道是；be thought to be被认为是；be considered to be被认为是。句意：你不睡觉在干什么，汤姆？你应该睡觉啦。Mrs. White is supposed _ for China last week.A. to have leftB. to be leavingC. to leave D. to have been left【答案与解析】A。根据句中的时间状语last week，可知本句表示过去的情况，用“be supposed to have done sth.”表示过去本应该做而实际上没有做，故选A。句意：怀特夫人本该上个星期去中国的(事实上没有去)。Why are you here? You are supposed to _ the experiment in the lab. A. performB. be performingC. have performedD. be performed 【答案与解析】B。句意：你为什么在这里？你应该是在实验室里做实验的啊。(指说话应该进行的事情)故选B项。You should apologize to her，Barry._, but its not going to be easy.A. I like to B. I feel soC. I prefer to D. I suppose so【归纳拓展】 be(not) supposed to do sth.(不)应该做某事 be supposed to have done sth.本应该做(事实上没做)某事 be supposed to be被认为是 suppose/supposing (that)假定/假如I suppose so.我认为是这样的。I suppose not.(=I dont suppose so.)我认为不是这样的。词汇-10. turn out/turn up【原句呈现】In the end everything turns out OK.Do you have to turn up your music so loud? 【考点聚焦】turn out(to be)=prove to be的意义的考查：结果，证明(是)turn up的意义考查：开大/调高(音量、热量等)；露面，出现【考题研读】According to the police, the man called “Tuhao”_ to be a professional cheat in business.A. worked out B. made outC. figured out D. turned out【答案与解析】D。句意：根据警方的说法，那个被称作“土豪”的人结果证明是生意场上的专业骗子。work out制定出，锻炼；make out辨认出，填表格；figure out弄清楚；turn out结果是，生产。You never know where happiness will _ next, so grasp every chance around you.A. show off B. turn down C. turn up D. come in【答案与解析】C。句意：你永远无法知道下一次幸福会在哪里出现，所以要抓住你身边的每一个机会。show off炫耀；turn down调低，拒绝；turn up调高，出现；come in进来。Please _ the radio a little; Id like to listen to the news.A. turn upB. turn onC. turn downD. turn off【答案与解析】A。turn up开大音量。句意：请把收音机音量开大一些，我想听听新闻。【归纳拓展】turn away不理睬，避开，转过身去turn back折回，返回turn down调小/调低(音量、热量等)，拒绝/不接受turn in上交，退还turn over翻转，翻身，把(所有权)交给 turn off关(灯等)，(使)厌烦 turn(a)round转过身turn to转向，求助于，从事turn on打开(自来水/电灯/收音机)，(使)感兴趣，突然攻击/针对某人 词汇-11. stay up【原句呈现】I studied a lot yesterday and stayed up very late.【考点聚焦】stay动词短语意义的考查。【考题研读】Mary is taking the final exam tomorrow.No wonder she _ until 12:00 last night.A. stayed out B. stayed in C. stayed up D. stayed awayThe brothers doubt is whether Henry can _ jail.A. stay out of B. stayed in C. stayed up D. stayed away【答案与解析】A。stay out of不参与，不插手，置身于之外。句意：哥哥的忧虑是亨利能否免受牢狱之灾。She had to _ from school for a week to take care of her sick mother in hospital.A. get awayB. leave awayC. stay awayD. take away【答案与解析】C。stay away from离开/远离。句意：她有一个星期不在学校了，去医院照顾她生病的母亲了。get away from逃离。Some weak bridge may not _ in an earthquake.A. stay up B. fall down C. fell down D. fell off【答案与解析】A。stay up熬夜，没有倒塌。句意：一些薄弱的桥梁可能会在地震中倒塌。【归纳拓展】stay up熬夜，没有倒塌，不下沉 stay behind留下来不走stay in(stay at home)呆在家里 stay out待在户外，不在家，外出 stay out of不参与，不插手，置身于之外 stay away from离开，不接近词汇-12. go through【原句呈现】Many teenagers feel lonely, as if no one understands them and the changes they are going through.【考点聚焦】go through本身意义的考查以及动词+through所构成的动词短语的意义辨别。【考题研读】【归纳拓展】break through突破，突围，冲跨，克服，挤过去carry through坚持到底，进行到底，贯彻，完成live through度过，经历look through看透，仔细查看，浏览，翻阅，温习pass through穿过，越过push through促成，完成，穿过，挤过put through完成，(电话用语)拨通，使穿过see through看透，识破，支持(某人)到底go through通过，浏览，仔细检查，审查，履行，忍受，经历getthrough完成，接通电话，度过，通过(议案、考试等)，穿过，用完pull through克服困难，使脱离危险(渡过难关；恢复健康)Not until he _ real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.A. looked upB. went throughC. searched for D. referred toEvery time I came back from school, my parents couldnt wait to _ my homework.A. go over B. go through C. get along with D. get through 【答案与解析】B。go over复习，仔细检查；go through经历，通过，完成，检查；get along with和相处；getthrough完成，接通电话，度过，穿过，用完。句意：每次我放学回到家，父母亲就迫不及待的检查我的作业。It seems impossible that the old lady who is so seriously ill can _ this winter.A. live through B. go throughC. pass through D. get through【答案与解析】A。句意：这个病得很严重的老太太度过这个冬天似乎是不可能的。live through“度过”，符合句意。二、经典句型1.with复合结构【原句呈现】The room is in a mess, with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink.【考点聚焦】“with宾语宾补”所构成的with的复合结构。该结构中可以用“形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词”。该结构在句中可以作状语，还可作定语。He is used to sleeping with the window open(窗户开着).Who left the room with the light on(让灯亮着)?The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand(手上拿着一本书).The girl felt very safe with her mother standing behind her(身后站着她的母亲).With all the things she needed bought(买了所需的东西), she left the shop happily.With so many books to read(有那么多书要读), I have no time to chat with you.在“with+宾语+非谓语动词”结构中是用不定式、现在分词还是过去分词。【考题研读】The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ them. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. followsJohn received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished【答案与解析】A。由语境和常识可知，愉快的接受邀请是因为工作已经做完，所以用过去分词表示被动和完成的。With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected President is having a hard time .A. settledB. settling C. to settle D. being settled【答案与解析】C。由主句可知，settle 的动作还未发生，故用不定式形式表示将来。句意：有许多难题要解决，新当选的总统日子不好过。2.have+宾语+非谓语动词结构【原句呈现】Daniel has his arms crossed and looks upset.【考点聚焦】 “have+宾语+过去分词(也可以用：get+宾语+过去分词)”的结构，意为“使处于状态，使被做，有某种遭遇或经历”。“have”这样用时我们称之为“使役动词”。“have+宾语+非谓语动词结构”还有另外两种形式：have +宾语+原形动词，意为.意为“让做某事”，这时have与let，make的用法相同；have +宾语+现在分词，.意为“让一直做某事”，有“听任，保持”之意。在“have+宾语+非谓语动词”结构中，判断使用何种形式的非谓语动词；判断“have”是不是作使役动词用。【考题研读】Claire had luggage _ an hour before her plane left. A. check B. checking C. to check D. checkedExcuse me sir, where is Room 301? Just a minute. Ill have Bob _ you to your room. A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing【答案与解析】A。“have sb. do sth.”意为“让或安排某人做某事”。根据提供的情景可判断出让鲍勃带你到房间去。“have sb. doing sth.”表示“使某人一直处于某种状态中”。句意：“打扰了，先生，(请问)30号房间在哪里?”“(请)稍等一下。我会让鲍勃把你带到你的房间的。”I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term.A. completingB. to completeC. completed D. being completed【答案与解析】B。不要把该题当成是“have+宾语+过去分词”的结构而误选C项。动词不定式作定语时，若动词不定式和它修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且又和该句主语或宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，常用不定式的主动形式，该题中的complete 和readings之间符合这一关系，句意：在本学期结束以前，我有大量的阅读材料需要完成。3. feel like+从句结构【原句呈现】Maybe, but now that he has been so rude to us, I feel like we have to punish him or he wont respect us.【考点聚焦】该句中“feel like”后面跟的是省略了“that”的宾语从句，意为：觉得好像。我们通常所碰到的是“feel like”跟名词或动名词作宾语。顺便提一下本句中的“now that”：now that和seeing that, considering that ,in that一样用来引导原因状语从句，表示“鉴于某个事实或显而易见的原因”，相当于since。其中除in that外，其余三个都可以将that省略。“feel like”跟名词或动名词作宾语。【考题研读】Lydia doesnt feel like _ abroad. Her parents are old. A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study【答案与解析】B。feel like doing sth.想要做某事，习惯表达法。因此选B。句意：Lydia不想去国外留学，因为她的父母年纪大了。Have you ever cheated anyone?Never. Of course, yet I dont feel like _ like a fool.A. cheatingB. to cheat C. cheatedD. being cheated4.as if引导的状语从句【原句呈现】Many teenagers feel lonely, as if no one understands them and the changes they are going through.【考点聚焦】as if意为“似乎”或“好像”，相当于as though。as if 从句中可以用陈述语气(表示可能或真实的事情)，也可以用虚拟语气。as if后面还可以跟动词不定式或分词；Mary loves the baby so much as if she were his mother.玛丽如此爱这个小孩，好像自己是小孩的妈妈一样。He looked as if he had known the answer.他看上去好像已经知道答案了。The patient opened his mouth as if to speak.病人张开嘴似乎有话要说。He stared at the boy as if seeing him for the first time.他凝视那个男孩好像第一次见到他一样。as if(though)从句中虚拟语气的运用；as if(though)与其它连词的区别。【考题研读】Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. is B. were C. has