西奥多·罗斯福 the man with the muck-rake

1/8西奥多罗斯福THEMANWITHTHEMUCKRAKETHEMANWITHTHEMUCKRAKEDELIVERED14APRIL1906演讲者简介西奥多罗斯福英文THEODOREROOSEVELT，又译狄奥多罗斯福，人称老罗斯福，昵称泰迪TEDDY，1858年10月27日1919年1月6日，美国军事家、政治家，第26任总统。关于耙粪记者的相关背景介绍所谓耙粪记者/耙粪运动MUCKRAKER，也称黑幕揭发记者/运动，是指美国19世纪末20世纪初掀起的一股新闻报道浪潮，一些记者和报刊致力于深入调查报道黑幕，揭发丑闻，对社会阴暗面进行揭示。其名称源于西奥多罗斯福总统的一次演讲。此演讲中，罗斯福将20世纪初一批致力于揭丑、暴露、煽情等报道的记者，比作英国作家约翰班扬小说天路历程中的一个反派人物，他从不仰望天空，只是手拿粪耙，埋头打扫地上的秽物。但是被批评的揭丑记者却不以为然，反而欣然接受这个称号。后来，人们便将这种新闻及报道这些新闻的记者和报刊称为耙粪运动、耙粪记者、耙粪报刊等，就如同人们将赫斯特报刊的煽情报道成为黄色新闻一样。2/8OVERACENTURYAGOWASHINGTONLAIDTHECORNERSTONEOFTHECAPITOLINWHATWASINESSOFTHEGOVERNMENTTHISGROWTHINTHENEEDFORTHEHOUSINGOFTHEGOVERNMENTISBUTAPROOFANDEXAMPLEOFTHEWAYINWHICHTHENAOFPOTONSTIME,TWEREEVIDENTINWASHINGTONSTIME,INBUNYANSPILGRIMSPROGRESSYOUMAYRECALLTHEDESCRIPTIONOFTHEMANWITHTHEMUCKRAKE,THEMANWHOCOULDLOOKNOWAYBUTDOWNWARD,WITHTHEMUCKRAKEINHISHANDWHOWASOFFEREDACELESTIALCROWNFORHISMUCKRAKE,BUTWHOWOULDNEITHERLOOKUPNORREGARDTHECROWNHEWASOFFERED,BUTCONTINUEDTORAKETOHIMSELFTHEFILTHOFTHEFLOORINPILGRIMSPROGRESSTHEMANWITHTHEMUCKRAKEISSETFORTHASTHHTTHATISLOFTY,ANDFIXESHISEYESWITHSOLEMNINTENTNESSONLYONTHATWHICHISVILEANDDEBASINGNOW,ITISVE,ANDITMUSTBESCRAPEDUPWITHTHEMUCKRAKEANDTHEREARETIMESANDPLACESWH,WHONEVERTHINKSORSPEAKSORWRITES,SAVEOFHISFEATSWITHTHEMUCKRAKE,SPEEDILYBECOMES,NOTAHELPBUTONEOFTHEMOSTPOTENTFORCESFOREVIL3/8THEREAREINTHEBODYPOLITIC,ECONOMICANDSOCIAL,MANYANDGRAVEEVILS,WHETHERPOLITICIANORBUSINESSMAN,EVERYEVILPRACTICE,WHETHERINPOLITICS,BUSINESS,EVERYMANWHO,ONTHEPLATFORMORINABOOK,MAGAZINE,ORNEWSPAPER,WITHMERCILESSSEVERITYMAKESSUCHATTACK,PROVIDEDALWAYSTHATHEINHISTURNREMEMBERSTHATTHEATTACKISOFUSEONLYIFITISABSOLUTELYTRUTHFULTHELIARISNOWHITBETTERTHANTHETHIEF,AN,OREVENWITHHYSTERICALEXAGGERATIONTOASSAILABADMANWITHUNTRUTHANEPIDEMICOFINDISCRIMINATEASSAULTUPONCHARACTERDOESNOGOOD,OREVENWHENASCOUNDRELISUNTRUTHFULLYASSAILEDNOW,ITISEASYTOTWISTOUTOFSHAPEWHATIHAVEJUSTSAID,EASYTOAFFECTTOMISUNDERSTANDIT,ANDIDSLINGINGDOESNOTMEANTHEENDORSEMENTOFWHITEWASHINGANDBOTHTHEINTERESTEDINDIVIDUALSWHONEEDWHITEWASHINGANDTHOSEOTHERSWHOPRACTICEMUDSLINGINGLIKETOENCOURAGESUCHCONFUSIONOFIDEASONEOFTHECHIEFCOUNTSAGAINSTTHOSEWHOMAKEINDISCRIMINAT4/8EASSAULTUPONMENINBUSINESSORMENINPUBLICLIFEISTHATTHEYINVITEAREACTIONWHICHISSURETOTELLPOWERFULLYINFAVOROFTHEUNSCRUPULOUSSCOUNDRELWHOREALLYOUGHTTOBEATTACKED,WHOOUGHTTOBEEXPOSED,WHOOUGHT,IFPOSSIBLE,PEOPLEGETTIREDOFHEARINGITANDOVERCENSUREOFTHEUNJUSTFINALLYANDFROMSIMILARREASONSRESULTSINTHEIRFAVORANYEXCESSISALMOSTSURETOINVITEAREACTIONAND,UNFORTUNATELY,THEREACTIONSINSTEADOFTAKINGTHEFORMOFPUNISHMENTOFTHOSEGUILTYOFTHEEXCESS,ISAPTTOTAKETHEFORMEITHEROFPUNISHMENTOFTHEUNOFFENDINGOROFGIVINGIMMUNITY,ANDEVENSTRENGTH,WHETHERONTHESTUMPORINNEWSPAPER,MAGAZINE,ORBOOK,CREATEAMORBIDANDVICIOUSPUBLICSENTIMENT,ANDATTHESAMETIMEACTASAPROFOUNDDETERRENTTOABLEMENOFNORMALSENSITIVENESSANDTENDTOPREVENTTHEMFROMENTERINGTHEPUBLICSERVICEATANYPRICEASANINSTANCEINPOINT,IMAYMENTIONTHATONESERIOUSDIFFICULTYENCOUNTEREDINGETTINGTHERIGHTTYPEOFMENTODIGTHEPANAMACANALISTHECERTAINTYTHATTHEYWILLBEEXPOSED,BOTHWITHOUT,AND,IAMSORRYTOSAY,SOMETIMESWITHIN,CONGRESS,TO5/8UTTERLYRECKLESSASSAULTSONTHEIRCHARACTERANDCAPACITYATTHERISKOFREPETITIONLETMESAYAGAINTHATMYPLEAISNOTFORIMMUNITYTO,BUTFORTHEMOSTUNSPARINGEXPOSUREOF,THEPOLITICIANWHOBETRAYSHISTRUST,OFTHEBIGB,ANDHUNTDOWNTHECRIMINALBUTREMEMBERTHATEVENINTHECASEOFCRIME,IFITISATTACKEDINSENSATIONAL,LURID,ANDUNTRUTHFULFASHION,THEATTACKMAYDOMOREDAMAGETOTHEPUBLICMINDTHANTHECRIMEITSELFITISBECAUSEIFEELTHATTHERESHOULDBENORESTINTHEENDLESSWARAGAINSTTHEFORCESETYBUTONLYIFTHEYKNOWWHENTOSTOPRAKINGTHEMUCK,ANDTOLOOKUPWARDTOTHECELESTIALCROWNABOVETHEM,ANDIFTHEYGRADUALLYGROWTOFEELTHATTHEWHOLEWORLDISNOTHINGBUTMUCK,THEIRPOWEROFUSEFULNESSISGONEIFTHEWHOLEPICTUREISPAINTEDBLACKTHEREREMAINSANDPEOPLEAFFECTEDBYITCOMETOTHECONCLUSIONTHATNOMANISREALLYBLACK,ANDNOMANREALLYWHITE,BUTTHEYAREALLGRAYINOTHERWORDS,THEYNEITHERBELIEVEINTHETRUTHOFTHEATTACK,NORINTHEHONESTYOFTHEMANWHOISATTACKEDTHEYGROWASSU6/8SPICIOUSOFTHEACCUSATIONASOFTHEOFFENSEITBECOMESWELLNIGHHOPELESSTOSTIRTHEMEITHERTOWRATHAGAINSTWRONGDOINGORTOENTHUSIASMFORWHATISRIGHTANDSUCHAMENTALATTITUDEINTHEPUBLICGIVESHOPETOEVERYKNAVE,WITHSUCHCRUDEANDSWEEPINGGENERALIZATIONSASTOINCLUDEDECENTNCETOPUBLICCORRUPTIONORETHEFOOLWHOHASNOTSENSETODISCRIMINATEBETWEENWHATISGOODANDWHATISBADISWE,TOEVERYGOODAMERICAN,THANTHEHARD,SCOFFINGSPIRITWHIC,FORITDENOTESNOTMERELYTHEVACANTMIND,BUTTHEHEAR,ANDTHERENEVERWASATIMEWHENLOFTIERANDMO,BUTTHEFORCESOFTRUTHANDLOVEANDCOURAGE,NOLESSTHANAWICKEDTHING,TOBLINKTHEFACTTHATTHEFORCESOFEVILARESTRONG,BUTITISEVENWORSETOFAILTOTAKEINTOACCOUNTTHESTRENGTHOFTHEFORCESTHATTELLFORGOODHYSTERICALSENSATIO,WHETHERINTHEPUBLICPRESS,ORINMAGAZINES,ORINBOOKS,ARETHELEADE,IFTHEYCHILLTHEARDOROFTHOSEWHODEMANDTRUTHASAPRIMARYVIRTUE,THEYTHEREBYBETRAYTHEGOODCAUSEANDPLAYINTOTHEHANDSOFTHEVERYMENAGAINSTWHOMTHEYARENOMINALLYATWAR7/8INHISECCLESIASTICALPOLITYTHATFINEOLDELIZABETHANDIVINE,BISHOPHOOKER,WROTEHETHATGOETHABOUTTOPERSUADEAMULTITUDETHATTHEYARENOTSOWELLGOVERNEDASTHEYOUGHTTOBESHALLNEVERWANTATTENTIVEANDFAVORABLEHEARERS,BECAUSETHEYKNOWTHEMANIFOLDDEFECTSWHEREUNTOEVERYKINDOFREGIMENISSUBJECT,BUTTHESECRETLETSANDDIFFICULTIES,WHICHINPUBLICPROCEEDINGSAREINNUMERABLEANDINEVITABLE,THEYHAVENOTORDINARILYTHEJUDGMENTTOCONSIDER西奥多罗斯福THEMANWITHTHEMUCKRAKE相关内容TED演讲英文演讲稿内向性格的力量,WHICHTOMESEEMEDLIKEAPERFECTLYNATURALTHINGTODO奥巴马总统每周电台英语演讲稿HI,AMERICACAMETOGETHERTOSALUTEOURVETERANSTOEXPRESSOURAPPRECIATIONTOALLWHOSERVEDSOTHATWEMIGHTLIVEFREE英语演讲稿3分钟THEGOODMOTHERINTHEWORLDWHENWEAREVERYSMALL,MOSTOFUSHAVEHEARDTHESONGABOUTTHEPRAISE